Neuroadaptations in the Cellular and Postsynaptic Group 1 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor mGluR5 and Homer Proteins Following Extinction of Cocaine Self-administration

This study examined the role of group1 metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 and associated postsynaptic scaffolding protein Homer1b/c in behavioral plasticity after three withdrawal treatments from cocaine self-administration. Rats self-administered cocaine or saline for 14 days followed by a withdrawal period during which rats underwent extinction training, remained in their home cages, orwere placed in the self-administration chambers in the absence of extinction. Subsequently, the tissue level and distribution of proteins in the synaptosomal fraction associated with the postsynaptic densitywere examined. Cocaine self-administration followed by home cage exposure reduced the mGluR5 protein in nucleus accumbens (NA) shell and dorsolateral striatum. While extinction training reduced mGluR5 protein in NAshell, NAcore and dorsolateral striatum did not display any change. The scaffolding protein PSD95 increased in NAcore of the extinguished animals. Extinction of drug seeking was associated with a significant decrease in the synaptosomal mGluR5 protein in NAshell and an increase in dorsolateral striatum, while that of NAcore was not modified. Interestingly, both Homer1b/c and PSD95 scaffolding proteins were decreased in the synaptosomal fraction after extinction training in NAshell but not NAcore. Extinguished drug-seeking behavior was also associated with an increase in the synaptosomal actin proteins in dorsolateral striatum. Therefore, extinction of cocaine seeking is associated with neuroadaptations in mGluR5 expression and distribution that are region-specific and consist of extinction-induced reversal of cocaine-induced adaptations aswell as emergent extinction-induced alterations. Concurrent plasticity in the scaffolding proteins further suggests that mGluR5 receptor neuroadaptations may have implications for synaptic function

The relationship of individual accountability with job stress and work deviant behavior among nurses

Background and aims: Individual accountability and its positive and negative effectiveness are the most challenges of organization subjects. The root of some medical staffs' behaviors and activities is individual accountability. So, the present paper was conducted with the aim of identifying the relationship between individual accountability with job stress and work deviant behavior with mediating role of personality trait of conscientiousness. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 175 employee nurses of Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals were entered in this research in 2014. Data were collected using Hochwarter, Casta, Mackgor, Mulkr, Robinson and Bennett, and House and Rizzo standard questionnaires. The structural equations model was used to study the relationship between Latent variables and the measured ones in conceptual model. Results: The results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between the perception of individual accountability and personality trait of conscientiousness (P 0.05 and r = - 0.26, r = - 0.36). Conclusion: According to the present theoretical and research foundations at hand, individual accountability directly affects job stress and work deviant behavior among employees, and on the basis of the findings of the present study conscientiousness bears a significant negative causal effect on job stress and work deviant behavior. It is concluded that conscientiousness decreases the negative causal and potential effect of accountability on stress and work deviant behavior

Biota-sediment accumulation factor and concentration of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, As, Ni, Pb and Cu) in sediments and tissues of Chiton lamyi (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Chitonidae) in Chabahar Bay, Iran

Heavy metals and some organic substances which are drained into the aquatic environments and cannot be decomposed or eliminated will sink into sediments or find their way into different levels of food chain. Bioaccumulation is the process of continuous deposition and aggregation of these substances into the body tissue of living organisms. Mollusks are remarkably appropriate to be used as bio-indicators because of their motionless or almost sessile nature, relatively high abundance, selective absorption of certain ions, and worldwide distribution in marine and inland aquatic habitats. Chiton lamyi is a sedentary species from the phylum, Polyplacophora, which is usually abundant on the rocky shores and intertidal zone of marine environments. Sediment and Chiton samples were taken from four stations of Chabahar Bay in autumn 2013. After acid digestion of samples, the concentration of heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, lead and copper) were measured by the graphite furnace atomic absorption apparatus, and the bioaccumulation factor in relation to sediment was calculated. The highest concentration value was calculated as 3.28 for cadmium in the Hafte Tir station. The results of this study indicated that chitons can be used as an appropriate bio-indicator for heavy metals particularly cadmium pollution in the marine environment

Accessibility to the public facilities: A mean to achieve civil rights of the people with disabilities in Iran

Objective: Civil rights may cover different aspects of citizens' lives. All the members of the society should have equal access to the public facilities and public transportation system. Barriers and obstacles in society may limit the accessibility of these facilities to the disabled people. Method: This article contains a part of the results in a phenomenological study of the Disability Rights. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe experiences of disability rights among 11 physically disabled that were living in Tehran, Iran. The study involves secondary analysis of in-depth transcribed interview data, using colazzi's method. Results:A total of 655 descriptive expressions were categorized in to 25 preliminary structural elements (sub themes). 7 essential structural elements (themes) emerged from an analysis of the sub themes. One of these themes was right to access which was emerged from an analysis of 6 sub themes. Conclusion: These sub themes that were obtained from an analysis of descriptive expressions of the participants, are: right to access to housing, right to access to education and information, right to access to job facilities, right to access to medical care and rehabilitation, right to access to rest, leisure and sport and right to access to places and transportation system. The right to access theme, was then categorized in to the civil rights field. In this article we will describe the right to access as it was experienced by those physically disabled people who participated in the interviews

CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS OF GLASS-CERAMICS BY DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS

The crystallization behavior of fluorphlogopite, a glass-ceramic in the MgO–SiO2–Al2O3–K2O–B2O3–F system, was studied by substitution of Li2O for K2O in the glass composition. DTA, XRD and SEM were used for the study of crystallization behavior, formed phases and microstructure of the resulting glass-ceramics. Crystallization kinetics of the glass was investigated under non-isothermal conditions, using the formal theory of transformations for heterogeneous nucleation. The crystallization results were analyzed, and both the activation energy of crystallization process as well as the crystallization mechanism were characterized. Calculated kinetic parameters indicated that the appropriate crystallization mechanism was bulk crystallization for base glass and the sample with addition of Li2O. Non-isothermal DTA experiments showed that the crystallization activation energies of base glasses was in the range of 234-246 KJ/mol and in the samples with addition of Li2O was changed to the range of 317-322 KJ/mol

When is the super socle of C(X) prime?

[EN] Let SCF(X) denote the ideal of C(X) consisting of functions which are zero everywhere except on a countable number of points of X. It is generalization of the socle of C(X) denoted by CF(X). Using this concept we extend some of the basic results concerning CF(X) to SCF(X). In particular, we characterize the spaces X such that SCF(X) is a prime ideal in C(X) (note, CF(X) is never a prime ideal in C(X)). This may be considered as an advantage of SCF(X) over C(X). We are also interested in characterizing topological spaces X such that Cc(X) =R+SCF(X), where Cc(X) denotes the subring of C(X) consisting of functions with countable image.The authors would like to thank professor O. A. S. Karamzadeh for introducing the concept of super socle of C(X) and for his helpful suggestions. The authors are also indebted to the well-informed, meticulous referee for reading the article carefully and giving valuable and constructive comments.Ghasemzadeh, S.; Namdari, M. (2019). When is the super socle of C(X) prime?. Applied General Topology. 20(1):231-236. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2019.10731SWORD231236201F. Azarpanah, Algebraic properties of some compact spaces, Real Anal. Exchange 25 (2000), 317-328.F. Azarpanah, Essential ideals in C(X), Period. Math. Hungar. 31 (1995), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01876485F. Azarpanah, Intersection of essential ideals in C(X), Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 125 (1997), 2149-2154. https://doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9939-97-04086-0F. Azarpanah and O. A. S. Karamzadeh, Algebric characterization of some disconnected spaces, Italian. J. Pure Appl. Math. 12 (2002), 155-168.F. Azarpanah, O. A. S. Karamzadeh and S. Rahmati, C(X) vs. C(X) modulo its socle, Coll. Math. 3 (2008), 315-336. https://doi.org/10.4064/cm111-2-9T. Dube, Contracting the socle in ring of continuous functions, Rend. Semin. Mat. Univ. Padova 123 (2010), 37-53. https://doi.org/10.4171/RSMUP/123-2R. Engelking, General Topology, Heldermann Verlag Berlin, 1989.A. A. Estaji and O. A. S. karamzadeh, On C(X) modulo its socle, Comm. Algebra 13 (2003),1561-1571. https://doi.org/10.1081/AGB-120018497M. Ghadermazi, O. A. S. Karamzadeh and M. Namdari, C(X) versus its functionally countable subalgebra, Bull. Iranian Math. Soc. 45 (2019), 173-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41980-018-0124-8M. Ghadermazi, O. A. S. Karamzadeh and M. Namdari, On the functionally countable subalgebra of C(X), Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Padova 129 (2013), 47-70. https://doi.org/10.4171/RSMUP/129-4S. Ghasemzadeh, O. A. S. Karamzadeh and M. Namdari, The super socle of the ring of continuous functions, Math. Slovaca 67 (2017), 1001-1010. https://doi.org/10.1515/ms-2017-0028L. Gillman and M. Jerison, Rings of continuous functions, Springer-Verlag, 1976.O. A. S. Karamzadeh, M. Motamedi and S. M. Shahrtash, On rings with a unique proper essential right ideal, Fund. Math. 183 (2004), 229-244. https://doi.org/10.4064/fm183-3-3O. A. S. Karamzadeh and M. Rostami, On the intrinsic topology and some related ideals of C(X), Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 93 (1985), 179-184. https://doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-1985-0766552-9O. A. S. Karamzadeh, M. Namdari and S. Soltanpour, On the locally functionally countable subalgebra of C(X), Appl. Gen. Topol. 16, no. 2 (2015), 183-207. https://doi.org/10.4995/agt.2015.3445S. Mehran and M. Namdari, The λ-super socle of the ring of continuous functions, Categ. General Alg. Struct. Appl. 6 (2017), 37-50.M. Namdari and M. A. Siavoshi, A note on discrete c-embedded subspaces, Mathematica Slovaca, to appear. https://doi.org/10.1515/ms-2017-023

Comparing k-means clusters on parallel Persian-English corpus

This paper compares clusters of aligned Persian and English texts obtained from k-means method. Text clustering has many applications in various fields of natural language processing. So far, much English documents clustering research has been accomplished. Now this question arises, are the results of them extendable to other languages? Since the goal of document clustering is grouping of documents based on their content, it is expected that the answer to this question is yes. On the other hand, many differences between various languages can cause the answer to this question to be no. This research has focused on k-means that is one of the basic and popular document clustering methods. We want to know whether the clusters of aligned Persian and English texts obtained by the k-means are similar. To find an answer to this question, Mizan English-Persian Parallel Corpus was considered as benchmark. After features extraction using text mining techniques and applying the PCA dimension reduction method, the k-means clustering was performed. The morphological difference between English and Persian languages caused the larger feature vector length for Persian. So almost in all experiments, the English results were slightly richer than those in Persian. Aside from these differences, the overall behavior of Persian and English clusters was similar. These similar behaviors showed that results of k-means research on English can be expanded to Persian. Finally, there is hope that despite many differences between various languages, clustering methods may be extendable to other languages

Viscous microcapsules as microbioreactors to study mesenchymal stem/stromal cells osteolineage commitment

It is essential to design a multifunctional well-controlled platform to transfermechanical cues to the cells in different magnitudes. This study introduces aplatform, a miniaturized bioreactor, which enables to study the effect of shearstress in microsized compartmentalized structures. In this system, thewell-established cell encapsulation system of liquefied capsules (LCs) is usedas microbioreactors in which the encapsulated cells are exposed to variablecore viscosities to experience different mechanical forces under a 3D dynamicculture. The LC technology is joined with electrospraying to produce suchmicrobioreactors at high rates, thus allowing the application of microcapsulesfor high-throughput screening. Using this platform for osteogenicdifferentiation as an example, shows that microbioreactors with higher coreviscosity which produce higher shear stress lead to significantly higherosteogenic characteristics. Moreover, in this system the forces experienced bycells in each LC are simulated by computational modeling. The maximum wallshear stress applied to the cells inside the bioreactor with low, and high coreviscosity environment is estimated to be 297 and 1367 mPa, respectively, forthe experimental setup employed. This work outlines the potential of LCmicrobioreactors as a reliable in vitro customizable platform with a wide rangeof applications.publishe

Knowledge and Attitude of Intensive Care Unit Nurses Towards Delirium Working at Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2015

Background: Delirium is a common problem in patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit. Despite the importance, only less than 13% of cases are diagnosed by physicians and medical personnel. Objectives: The present research aimed to study knowledge and attitude of critical care nurses towards delirium. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran. Convenience sampling was used to enroll nurses (186 persons) working in intensive care units of Rasht educational hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Data collection instruments included a three part questionnaire: demographic data, 15- item questionnaire formerly used by Guthrie and Sendelbach (2009) on nurses’ knowledge about delirium, and 10-item questionnaire adopted from Herrero et al on attitude of the nurses towards delirium. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and t- test in SPSS-20. Results: The majority of nurses (68.3%) have intermediate knowledge about delirium and only 24.6 percent reported good knowledge and 76 percent had positive attitude about delirium. Conclusion: Nursing knowledge and awareness have a significant role in improvement of the quality of healthcare and preventive measures, as well as the attitude of nurses towards dealing with delirium patients. Hence, it is recommended to give greater importance to academic courses and ongoing post-graduation professional development programs in the workplace, as a globally practiced healthcare quality improvement strategy

Humoral immune consequences of Staphylococcus aureus ST239-associated bacteremia

The humoral immune responses against 46 different staphylococcal antigens in 27 bacteremia patients infected by clonally related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains of a single sequence type (ST) 239 were investigated. A group of non-infected patients (n = 31) hospitalized for different reasons served as controls. All strains were confirmed as ST 239 by S. aureus and mecA-specific PCR, spa, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). In each bacteremia patient, a unique pattern of S. aureus antigen-specific immune responses after infection was observed. Antibody levels among bacteremia patients were significantly higher than controls for HlgB (P = 0.001), LukD (P = 0.009), LukF (P = 0.0001), SEA (P = 0.0001), SEB (P = 0.011), SEC (P = 0.010), SEQ (P = 0.049), IsaA (P = 0.043), IsdA (P = 0.038), IsdH (P = 0.01), SdrD (P = 0.001), SdrE (P = 0.046), EsxA (P = 0.0001), and SA0104 (P = 0.0001). On the other hand, the antibody levels were significantly higher among controls for SSL3 (P = 0.009), SSL9 (P = 0.002), and SSL10 (P = 0.007) when the IgG level on the day of infection was compared with that measured on the day of admission. Diversity was observed in the immune response against the antigens. However, a set of antigens (IsaA, IsdA, IsdH, SdrD, and HlgB) triggered a similar type of immune response in different individuals. We suggest that these antigens could be considered when developing a multi-component (passive) vaccine. SEA and/or its specific antibodies seem to play a critical role during ST239 MRSA bacteremia and SEA-targeted therapy may be a strategy to be considered