3,150 research outputs found
Letter from Geraldine Ferraro to Laurence M. Wiig, YMCA International Institute for Peace
Letter from Geraldine Ferraro to Laurence M. Wiig, of the YMCA International Institute for Peace. Letter has handwritten notes.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/vice_presidential_campaign_correspondence_1984_international/1359/thumbnail.jp
Time to pregnancy : a computational method for using the duration of non-conception for predicting conception
An important problem in reproductive medicine is deciding when people who have failed to become pregnant without medical assistance should begin investigation and treatment. This study describes a computational approach to determining what can be deduced about a couple's future chances of pregnancy from the number of menstrual cycles over which they have been trying to conceive. The starting point is that a couple's fertility is inherently uncertain. This uncertainty is modelled as a probability distribution for the chance of conceiving in each menstrual cycle. We have developed a general numerical computational method, which uses Bayes' theorem to generate a posterior distribution for a couple's chance of conceiving in each cycle, conditional on the number of previous cycles of attempted conception. When various metrics of a couple's expected chances of pregnancy were computed as a function of the number of cycles over which they had been trying to conceive, we found good fits to observed data on time to pregnancy for different populations. The commonly-used standard of 12 cycles of non-conception as an indicator of subfertility was found to be reasonably robust, though a larger or smaller number of cycles may be more appropriate depending on the population from which a couple is drawn and the precise subfertility metric which is most relevant, for example the probability of conception in the next cycle or the next 12 cycles. We have also applied our computational method to model the impact of female reproductive ageing. Results indicate that, for women over the age of 35, it may be appropriate to start investigation and treatment more quickly than for younger women. Ignoring reproductive decline during the period of attempted conception added up to two cycles to the computed number of cycles before reaching a metric of subfertility
Letter from Members of the Hiroshima YMCA to Geraldine Ferraro
Letter from members of the Hiroshima YMCA to Geraldine Ferraro. The authors invite Ferraro to visit the Atomic Bomb Museum in Hiroshima. A letter from Laurence M. Wiig of the YMCA International Institute for Peace is enclosed.https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/vice_presidential_campaign_correspondence_1984_international/1360/thumbnail.jp
Tracking of Salmonella through the Pork Slaughter Process
End of project reportTo help address the problem of salmonellosis in the Republic of Ireland (RoI), a national Salmonella control programme was introduced in 1997 with a view to reducing the prevalence of Salmonella in pigs on the farm and on pig carcasses. The primary objective of this present study was to determine the correlation between the Salmonella serological and bacteriological status of pigs presented for slaughter and the Salmonella status of pork cuts following slaughter, dressing and chilling. Two additional studies investigated the prevalence and numbers of Salmonella spp. in the boning halls of four commercial pork abattoirs and at retail level in butcher shops and supermarkets in the RoI. The results indicated that categorisation of pig herds on the basis of a historical serological test for Salmonella was not a good predictor of the bacteriological Salmonella status of individual pigs at time of slaughter. However, it is acknowledged that serological testing does help in giving a rough estimate of the overall Salmonella status of a pig herd. There was a linear correlation between prevalence of Salmonella in caecal contents and on pork cuts at factory level; therefore, if the number of herds presented for slaughter with high levels of Salmonella (category 3) was reduced, there would be less potential for contamination of the lairage, equipment etc. and so less likelihood of Salmonella contamination on pork. The impact of crosscontamination during transport, lairage, processing and distribution cannot be ignored and measures to diminish this would significantly reduce the dissemination of Salmonella in the chain and the consequent risk posed. A key finding was the considerable variation in the incidence of Salmonella on different sampling days and in different slaughter plants.National Development Plan 2007-201
Consent agreements for cryopreserved embryos : the case for choice
Under current UK law, an embryo cannot be transferred
to a womanâs uterus without the consent of both of its
genetic parents, that is both of the people from whose
gametes the embryo was created. This consent can be
withdrawn at any time before the embryo transfer
procedure. Withdrawal of consent by one genetic parent
can result in the other genetic parent losing the
opportunity to have their own genetic children. We argue
that offering couples only one type of consent
agreement, as happens at present, is too restrictive. An
alternative form of agreement, in which one genetic
parent agrees to forego the right to future withdrawal of
consent, should be available alongside the current form
of agreement. Giving couples such a choice will better
enable them to store embryos under a consent
agreement that is appropriate for their circumstances.
Allowing such a choice, with robust procedures in place
to ensure the validity of consent, is the best way to
respect patient autonomy
Apoptosis in mouse fetal and neonatal oocytes during meiotic prophase one
Background
The vast majority of oocytes formed in the fetal ovary do not survive beyond birth.
Possible reasons for their loss include the elimination of non-viable genetic
constitutions arising through meiosis, however, the precise relationship between
meiotic stages and prenatal apoptosis of oocytes remains elusive. We studied oocytes
in mouse fetal and neonatal ovaries, 14.5â21 days post coitum, to examine the
relationship between oocyte development and programmed cell death during meiotic
prophase I.
Results
Microspreads of fetal and neonatal ovarian cells underwent immunocytochemistry for
meiosis- and apoptosis-related markers. COR-1 (meiosis-specific) highlighted axial
elements of the synaptonemal complex and allowed definitive identification of the
stages of meiotic prophase I. Labelling for cleaved poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase
(PARP-1), an inactivated DNA repair protein, indicated apoptosis. The same oocytes
were then labelled for DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) using TUNEL. 1960
oocytes produced analysable results. .
Oocytes at all stages of meiotic prophase I stained for cleaved PARP-1 and/or TUNEL, or neither. Oocytes with fragmented (19.8%) or compressed (21.2%) axial
elements showed slight but significant differences in staining for cleaved PARP-1 and
TUNEL to those with intact elements. However, fragmentation of axial elements
alone was not a good indicator of cell demise. Cleaved PARP-1 and TUNEL staining
were not necessarily coincident, showing that TUNEL is not a reliable marker of apoptosis in oocytes.
Conclusions
Our data indicate that apoptosis can occur throughout meiotic prophase I in mouse
fetal and early postnatal oocytes, with greatest incidence at the diplotene stage.
Careful selection of appropriate markers for oocyte apoptosis is essential
Consent agreements for cryopreserved embryos : the case for choice
Under current UK law, an embryo cannot be transferred
to a womanâs uterus without the consent of both of its
genetic parents, that is both of the people from whose
gametes the embryo was created. This consent can be
withdrawn at any time before the embryo transfer
procedure. Withdrawal of consent by one genetic parent
can result in the other genetic parent losing the
opportunity to have their own genetic children. We argue
that offering couples only one type of consent
agreement, as happens at present, is too restrictive. An
alternative form of agreement, in which one genetic
parent agrees to forego the right to future withdrawal of
consent, should be available alongside the current form
of agreement. Giving couples such a choice will better
enable them to store embryos under a consent
agreement that is appropriate for their circumstances.
Allowing such a choice, with robust procedures in place
to ensure the validity of consent, is the best way to
respect patient autonomy
Topic: P-16: Strengthening Pre-Kindergarten Through College Programs
The New York State Regents Action Plan dramatically changes educational reform initiatives by requiring districts to sign a written contract specifying criteria for program, performance and fiscal accountability. Districts are required at the end of the school year to provide a written explanation as to whether or not the goals were achieved. On Wednesday, December 13, 2007, the New York State Board of Regents announced its support for P-16 action plans – to improve student achievement initiatives and college readiness and completion programs
History and Logic Model NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Instrument Project Division (IPD) Schedule and Cost Study
No abstract availabl
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