Optical interconnect with densely integrated plasmonic modulator and germanium photodetector arrays

We demonstrate the first chip-to-chip interconnect utilizing a densely integrated plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator array operating at 3 x 10 Gbit/s. A multicore fiber provides a compact optical interface, while the receiver consists of germanium photodetectors

Optical interconnect solution with plasmonic modulator and Ge photodetector array

We report on an optical chip-to-chip interconnect solution, thereby demonstrating plasmonics as a solution for ultra-dense, high-speed short-reach communications. The interconnect comprises a densely integrated plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulator array that is packaged with standard driving electronics. On the receiver side, a germanium photodetector array is integrated with trans-impedance amplifiers. A multicore fiber provides a compact optical interface to the array. We demonstrate 4 × 20 Gb/s on-off keying signaling with direct detection.ISSN:1041-1135ISSN:1941-017

Results of rendering medical aid to victims with penetrating heart injuries at general surgery department

РАНЫ И ТРАВМЫ /ХИРСЕРДЦА ТРАВМЫ /ХИРРАНЫ ПРОНИКАЮЩИЕ /ХИРПЕРИКАРД /ПОВРЕЖД /ХИРТОРАКОТОМИЯСЕРДЦА ТАМПОНАДАРАНЫ КОЛОТЫЕСЕРДЦА ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ОПЕРАЦИИПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫЙ ПЕРИОДСМЕРТНОСТЬДИАГНОСТИКА ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНАЯГЕМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОЦЕССЫЦель. Проанализировать результаты оказания помощи пострадавшим с ранением сердца в условиях общехирургического стационара. Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов лечения 21 потерпевшего с проникающими ранениями сердца. Со стабильными показателями гемодинамики было 5 (23,8%) пациентов, с нестабильными показателями – 11 (52,4%), доставлены в стационар в предагональном состоянии – 5 (23,8%). Согласно критериям AAST I класс травмы сердца установлен у 4 (19 %) пострадавших, III – у 1 (4,8%), IV – у 5 (23,8%), V – у 10 (47,6%), VI – у 1 (4,8%) пациента. Локализация травмы сердца: чаще всего был поврежден левый желудочек – в 10 (47,6%) случаях, реже левое предсердие – в 6 (28,6 %) и правый желудочек – в 5 (23,8 %) случаях. Результаты. Для доступа к сердцу у 20 потерпевших использовалась переднебоковая торакотомия в IV-V межреберье, только в одном случае выполнили билатеральную торакостернотомию ("clamshell"). Умерло 7 (33 %) пациентов, причиной смерти в 4 (19%) случаях был геморрагический шок, обусловленный массивной кровопотерей, в 2 (9,5%) – тампонада сердца, еще 1 (4,7%) пациент умер от острого инфаркта миокарда на второй день после операции. Послеоперационная летальность составила 33%. Как показал анализ, состояние гемодинамики потерпевшего определяет дифференцированный подход к соответственному диагностическому алгоритму. Основным методом лечения ранений сердца является экстренная торакотомия, временная остановка кровотечения с последующим ушиванием раны сердца на фоне проведения реанимационных мероприятий. Заключение. Выживание пациентов с ранениями сердца зависит от правильности эвакуационных и лечебных мероприятий на догоспитальном этапе, соблюдения организационных мероприятий оказания помощи и квалификации медицинского персонала.Objective. To analyze the results of providing aid to the victims with the heart injuries at the general surgery department. Methods. The retrospective analysis of the treatment results of 21 victims with penetrating injuries of the heart has been performed. There were 5 (23.8%) patients with stable hemodynamic parameters, 11 (52.4%) – with unstable parameters, 5 (23.8%) were delivered to the hospital in the preagony state. According to the criteria of American Association of Surgery Trauma (AAST), the class I of heart injury was diagnosed in 4 (19%) of the victims, III – in 1 (4.8%), IV – in 5 (23.8%), V – 10 (47.6%), VI – in 1 (4.8%) cases. According to the localization of cardiac trauma the left ventricle was most often damaged – in 10 (47.6%) cases, the left atrium – in 6 (28.6%) and the right ventricle – in 5 (23.8%) cases. Results. For the access to the heart in 20 patients, the anterolateral thoracotomy in the IV-V intercostal space was applied, only in one case, the bilateral thoracosternotomy ("clamshell") was used. 7 (33%) patients died, the cause of death in 4 (19%) was the hemorrhagic shock due to massive blood loss, in 2 (9.5%) - cardiac tamponade, 1 (4.7%) patient died of acute myocardial infarction on the second day after the surgery. Overall postoperative mortality made up 33%. As the analysis demonstrates, the condition of the patient’s hemodynamics determines a differentiated approach to the corresponding diagnostic algorithm. The main method of treatment of heart injuries is emergent thoracotomy, temporary bleeding stop with subsequent suturing the wound of the heart against the background of resuscitation measures. Conclusions. Survival rate of patients with heart injuries depends on the appropriate evacuation and medical measures at the prehospital stage, compliance with the organizational algorithm of providing medical care and qualification of medical personnel

Silicon-plasmonic internal-photoemission detector for 40 Gbit/s data reception

Silicon-plasmonics enables the fabrication of active photonic circuits in CMOS technology with unprecedented operation speed and integration density. Regarding applications in chip-level optical interconnects, fast and efficient plasmonic photodetectors with ultrasmall footprints are of special interest. A particularly promising approach to silicon-plasmonic photodetection is based on internal photoemission (IPE), which exploits intrinsic absorption in plasmonic waveguides at the metal–dielectric interface. However, while IPE plasmonic photodetectors have already been demonstrated, their performance is still far below that of conventional high-speed photodiodes. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel class of IPE devices with performance parameters comparable to those of state-of-the-art photodiodes while maintaining footprints below 1  μm 2 . The structures are based on asymmetric metal–semiconductor–metal waveguides with a width of less than 75 nm. We measure record-high sensitivities of up to 0.12 A/W at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The detectors exhibit opto-electronic bandwidths of at least 40 GHz. We demonstrate reception of on–off keying data at rates of 40 Gbit/s

SAMBUCUS NIGRA В СКЛАДІ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИХ НА РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ

The aim of the work. To conduct an analysis of the range of medicinal products containing elderberry black Sambucus nigra in the modern pharmaceutical market of Ukraine and determine the feasibility of developing new drugs based on marketing research. Materials and Methods. The work is done using statistical, logical and graphical methods. Results and Discussion. The conducted researches showed that the biggest part of drugs is found in the form of tablets (26.4 %); the predominant part of the assortment (95 %) of the studied drugs is multicomponent drugs; most of the preparations containing Ezine Black Sambucus nigra are produced at pharmaceutical enterprises of Ukraine, among which the Leader (55.56%) is LLC Scientific-Production Company "EIM", Kharkiv; Mostly, medications containing elderberry black are anti-inflammatory drugs. Consequently, the results indicate that the development of new, up-to-date, original medicines based on elderberry Sambucus nigra is promising and competitive on the domestic pharmaceutical market. Conclusions. The marketing analysis of the Ukrainian market for medical and prophylactic drugs has shown that although the share of home remedies based on the elderberry Sambucus nigra is the largest, however, there are wide opportunities for expanding the range and creating new drugs based on this plant material. In particular, it is worth paying attention to the least numerous (syrups and solutions for injection) or not presented forms (sprays, lozenges and dragees).Мета роботи. Провести аналіз асортименту лікарських препаратів представлених на сучасному фармацевтичному ринку України, які містять e своєму складі бузину чорну Sambucus nigra, та на підставі одержаних результатів визначити доцільність розробки нових препаратів з її вмістом. Матеріали і методи. Аналіз асортименту препаратів проводили спираючись на дані Державного реєстру лікарських засобів України (станом на січень 2019 р.). Роботу виконано з використанням статистичного, логічного та графічного методів. Результати й обговорення. Проведені дослідження показали, що найбільше лікарських засобів представлені у вигляді таблеток (26,4 %); переважаючу частку асортименту (95 %) досліджених препаратів складають багатокомпонентні лікарські засоби; більшість препаратів із вмістом бузини чорної Sambucus nigra вироблені на фармацевтичних підприємствах України, серед яких лідером (55,56 %) є ТОВ Науково-виробнича компанія «ЕЙМ», м. Харків; найчастіше лікарські препарати із вмістом бузини чорної – це протизапальні засоби. Отже, отримані результати вказують на те, що розробка нових сучасних оригінальних лікарських засобів на основі бузини чорної Sambucus nigra є перспективною та конкурентоздатною на вітчизняному фармацевтичному ринку. Висновки. Проведений маркетинговий аналіз українського ринку лікарських та лікувально-профілактичних препаратів показав, що хоча частка вітчизняних засобів на основі бузини чорної Sambucus nigra і найбільша, однак є широкі можливості щодо розширення асортименту та створення нових препаратів  на основі даної рослинної сировини. Зокрема варто звернути увагу на найменш численні (сиропи та розчини для ін’єкцій) або взагалі не представлені форми (спреї, пастилки та драже)

Analysis of a distinct speech disorder seen in chronic manganese toxicity following Ephedrone abuse

INTRODUCTION: In the last fifteen years a new cause of chronic manganese toxicity has been recognized. It follows recreational intravenous injections of Ephedrone, synthesized from a cold remedies contained pseudoephedrine. Potassium permanganate is used as an oxidant. It presents with severe parkinsonism-dystonia and a characteristic dysarthria. OBJECTIVES: We performed a focus perceptual study of dysarthria in Ephedrone induced parkinsonism and compared the findings with the speech disorders seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). METHODS: A digital voice recording, perceptual speech analysis (Darley, 1975) [18], serial neurological assessment and Brain Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging were performed at the Lviv regional Clinical Hospital. The results were analysed at the Institute of Neurology in London. RESULTS: Dysarthria developed after 8.5 ± 3.2 months of daily intravenous Ephedrone abuse and was an initial symptom in a third of cases. It was characterised by a robotic-flat prosody, whispering or continuous phonation, an inability to regulate pitch and volume, frozen lip articulation, a variable degree of dystonic tightness, difficulties in speech initiation and palladia, There was no nasality and swallowing was normal. In some patients speech deteriorated even after the discontinuation of Ephedrone. MR imaging, performed soon after drug cessation showed T1 signal hyperintesity in striatum and pallidum, especially in the Globus Pallidum interna. CONCLUSION: Ephedrone induced chronic manganese toxicity can lead to a mixed hypokinetic-dystonic dysarthria with a distinct dystonic pattern. Perceptual speech analysis can be a helpful ancillary investigation in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism, and may permit the recognition of chronic manganese toxicity

High speed plasmonic modulator array enabling dense optical interconnect solutions

Plasmonic modulators might pave the way for a new generation of compact low-power high-speed optoelectronic devices. We introduce an extremely compact transmitter based on plasmonic Mach-Zehnder modulators offering a capacity of 4 × 36 Gbit/s on a footprint that is only limited by the size of the high-speed contact pads. The transmitter array is contacted through a multicore fiber with a channel spacing of 50 μm

Plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) modulators for OOK and BPSK signaling at 40 Gbit/s

We report on high-speed plasmonic-organic hybrid Mach-Zehnder modulators comprising ultra-compact phase shifters with lengths as small as 19 my m. Choosing an optimum phase shifter length of 29 my m, we demonstrate 40 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) modulation with direct detection and a BER < 6 x 10 -4. Furthermore, we report on a 29 my m long binary-phase shift keying (BPSK) modulator and show that it operates error-free (BER < 1 x 10 -10) at data rates up to 40 Gbit/s and with an energy consumption of 70 fJ/bit