1,105 research outputs found
Imprints of primordial non-Gaussianity on the number counts of cosmic shear peaks
We studied the effect of primordial non-Gaussianity with varied bispectrum
shapes on the number counts of signal-to-noise peaks in wide field cosmic shear
maps. The two cosmological contributions to this particular weak lensing
statistic, namely the chance projection of Large Scale Structure and the
occurrence of real, cluster-sized dark matter halos, have been modeled
semi-analytically, thus allowing to easily introduce the effect of non-Gaussian
initial conditions. We performed a Fisher matrix analysis by taking into
account the full covariance of the peak counts in order to forecast the joint
constraints on the level of primordial non-Gaussianity and the amplitude of the
matter power spectrum that are expected by future wide field imaging surveys.
We find that positive-skewed non-Gaussianity increases the number counts of
cosmic shear peaks, more so at high signal-to-noise values, where the signal is
mostly dominated by massive clusters as expected. The increment is at the level
of ~1 for f_NL=10 and ~10 for f_NL=100 for a local shape of the primordial
bispectrum, while different bispectrum shapes give generically a smaller
effect. For a future survey on the model of the proposed ESA space mission
Euclid and by avoiding the strong assumption of being capable to distinguish
the weak lensing signal of galaxy clusters from chance projection of Large
Scale Structures we forecasted a 1-sigma error on the level of non-Gaussianity
of ~30-40 for the local and equilateral models, and of ~100-200 for the less
explored enfolded and orthogonal bispectrum shapes.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Submitted to MNRA
Strong lensing in the MareNostrum Universe II: scaling relations and optical depths
The strong lensing events that are observed in compact clusters of galaxies
can, both statistically and individually, return important clues about the
structural properties of the most massive structures in the Universe.
Substantial work is ongoing in order to understand the degree of similarity
between the lensing cluster population and the population of clusters as a
whole, with members of the former being likely more massive, compact, and
substructured than members of the latter. In this work we exploit synthetic
clusters extracted from the {\sc MareNostrum Universe} cosmological simulation
in order to estimate the correlation between the strong lensing efficiency and
other bulk properties of lensing clusters, such as the virial mass and the
bolometric X-ray luminosity. We found that a positive correlation exist between
all these quantities, with the substantial scatter being smaller for the
luminosity-cross section relation. We additionally used the relation between
the lensing efficiency and the virial mass in order to construct a synthetic
optical depth that agrees well with the true one, while being extremely faster
to be evaluated. We finally estimated what fraction of the total giant arc
abundance is recovered when galaxy clusters are selected according to their
dynamical activity or their X-ray luminosity. Our results show that there is a
high probability for high-redshift strong lensing clusters to be substantially
far away from dynamical equilibrium, and that of the total amount of
giant arcs are lost if looking only at very X-ray luminous objects.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted by A&
The effect of primordial non-Gaussianity on the skeleton of cosmic shear maps
(abridged) We explore the imprints of deviations from Gaussian primordial
density fluctuations on the skeleton of the large-scale matter distribution as
mapped through cosmological weak lensing. We computed the skeleton length of
simulated effective convergence maps covering sq. deg each, extracted
from a suite of cosmological body runs with different levels of local
primordial non-Gaussianity. The latter is expected to alter the structure
formation process with respect to the fiducial Gaussian scenario, and thus to
leave a signature on the cosmic web. We found that alterations of the initial
conditions consistently modify both the cumulative and the differential
skeleton length, although the effect is generically smaller than the cosmic
variance and depends on the smoothing of the map prior to the skeleton
computation. Nevertheless, the qualitative shape of these deviations is rather
similar to their primordial counterparts, implying that skeleton statistics
retain good memory of the initial conditions. We performed a statistical
analysis in order to find out at what Confidence Level primordial
non-Gaussianity could be constrained by the skeleton test on cosmic shear maps
of the size we adopted. At 68.3% Confidence Level we found an error on the
measured level of primordial non-Gaussianity of ,
while at 90% Confidence Level it is of . While
these values by themselves are not competitive with the current constraints,
weak lensing maps larger than those used here would have a smaller
field-to-field variance, and thus would likely lead to tighter constraints. A
rough estimate indicates a few tens at 68.3%
Confidence Level for an all-sky weak lensing survey.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication on MNRA
Particle acceleration and radiation friction effects in the filamentation instability of pair plasmas
The evolution of the filamentation instability produced by two
counter-streaming pair plasmas is studied with particle-in-cell (PIC)
simulations in both one (1D) and two (2D) spatial dimensions. Radiation
friction effects on particles are taken into account. After an exponential
growth of both the magnetic field and the current density, a nonlinear
quasi-stationary phase sets up characterized by filaments of opposite currents.
During the nonlinear stage, a strong broadening of the particle energy spectrum
occurs accompanied by the formation of a peak at twice their initial energy. A
simple theory of the peak formation is presented. The presence of radiative
losses does not change the dynamics of the instability but affects the
structure of the particle spectra.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, submitted to MNRA
Selection effects on X-ray and strong-lensing clusters in various cosmologies
Galaxy clusters are hotter and more X-ray luminous than in quiescence while
they undergo major mergers, which also transiently increase their
strong-lensing efficiency. We use semi-analytic models for both effects to
study how cluster dynamics in different dark-energy models affects the X-ray
selected cluster population and its strong-lensing optical depth. We find that
mergers increase the number of observable X-ray clusters by factors of a few
and considerably broaden their redshift distribution. Strong-lensing optical
depths are increased by a very similar amount. Quite independent of cosmology,
X-ray bright clusters above a flux limit of produce of the strong-lensing optical depth, and only
above a flux limit of if
mergers are taken into account.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Version accepted by A&
The strongest gravitational lenses: I. The statistical impact of cluster mergers
For more than a decade now, it has been controversial whether or not the high
rate of giant gravitational arcs and the largest observed Einstein radii are
consistent with the standard cosmological model. Recent studies indicate that
mergers provide an efficient mechanism to substantially increase the
strong-lensing efficiency of individual clusters. Based on purely semi-analytic
methods, we investigated the statistical impact of cluster mergers on the
distribution of the largest Einstein radii and the optical depth for giant
gravitational arcs of selected cluster samples. Analysing representative
all-sky realizations of clusters at redshifts z < 1 and assuming a constant
source redshift of z_s = 2.0, we find that mergers increase the number of
Einstein radii above 10 arcsec (20 arcsec) by ~ 35 % (~ 55 %). Exploiting the
tight correlation between Einstein radii and lensing cross sections, we infer
that the optical depth for giant gravitational arcs with a length-to-width
ratio > 7.5 of those clusters with Einstein radii above 10 arcsec (20 arcsec)
increases by ~ 45 % (85 %). Our findings suggest that cluster mergers
significantly influence in particular the statistical lensing properties of the
strongest gravitational lenses. We conclude that semi-analytic studies must
inevitably take these events into account before questioning the standard
cosmological model on the basis of the largest observed Einstein radii and the
statistics of giant gravitational arcs.Comment: 23 pages, 18 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysics; v2: minor corrections (added clarifying comments; added Fig.
19) to match the accepted versio
A hybrid asymptotic-FVTD method for the estimation of the radar cross section of 3D structures
The Finite Volume Time-Domain (FVTD) method is an effective full-wave technique which allows an accurate computation of the electromagnetic field. In order to analyze the scattering effects due to electrically large structures, it can be combined with methods based on high-frequency approximations. This paper proposes a hybrid technique, which combines the FVTD method with an asymptotic solver based on the physical optics (PO) and the equivalent current method (ECM), allowing the solution of electromagnetic problems in the presence of electrically large structures with small details. Preliminary numerical simulations, aimed at computing the radar cross section of perfect electric conducting (PEC) composite objects, are reported in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method
Electron heating in subpicosecond laser interaction with overdense and near-critical plasmas
n this work we investigate electron heating induced by intense laser interaction with micrometric flat solid
foils in the context of laser-driven ion acceleration. We propose a simple law to predict the electron temperature in
a wider range of laser parameters with respect to commonly used existing models. An extensive two-dimensional
(2D) and 3D numerical campaign shows that electron heating is due to the combined actions of j×B
and Brunel effect. Electron temperature can be well described with a simple function of pulse intensity and angle of incidence,
with parameters dependent on pulse polarization. We then combine our model for the electron temperature with
an existing model for laser-ion acceleration, using recent experimental results as a benchmark. We also discuss
an exploratory attempt to model electron temperature for multilayered foam-attached targets, which have been
proven recently to be an attractive target concept for laser-driven ion acceleration
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