Temporal hybridity: Mixing live video footage with instant replay in real time

Copyright @ 2010 ACMIn this paper we explore the production of streaming media that involves live and recorded content. To examine this, we report on how the production practices and process are conducted through an empirical study of the production of live television, involving the use of live and non-live media under highly time critical conditions. In explaining how this process is managed both as an individual and collective activity, we develop the concept of temporal hybridity to explain the properties of these kinds of production system and show how temporally separated media are used, understood and coordinated. Our analysis is examined in the light of recent developments in computing technology and we present some design implications to support amateur video production.The research was partly made possible by a grant from the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems to the Mobile Life VinnExcellence Center, in partnership with SonyEricsson, Ericsson, Microsoft Research, Nokia Research, TeliaSonera and the City of Stockholm

The In-group and Out-groups of the British National Party and UK Independence Party: A corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis

The purpose of this paper is to determine to what degree there are textual and conceptual similarities between the British National Party’s (BNP) and UK Independence Party’s (UKIP) construction of in-groups and out-groups. The focus is on the two discursive strategies nomination (attribution of word form) and predication (attribution of quality). For the present study I adopt the Discourse-Historical Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, which offers a broad sociologic understanding of linguistic phenomena through historical contextualization. The data consist of a corpus containing news articles and policy documents from official BNP and UKIP outputs. The in-group analysis shows that both parties have gained in confidence between the 2005 and 2010 general elections, which is mirrored in their choice of party name as preferred form of self-representation. When claiming uniqueness, both parties mix ideological themes with concrete policies, but UKIP claims ownership of more banal policies. While the BNP and UKIP criticize each other, the main recipients of their criticism are the establishment parties. Both parties feel the need to distance themselves from accusations of racism; the BNP in particular. The out-group analysis shows that both parties frequently discuss immigration and refer to immigrants using the same word forms, although UKIP’s use is more consistent with internationally agreed definitions. Both parties construct immigration as unstoppable forces, e.g. by using water metaphors. References to country of origin are also frequent; UKIP emphasizes Eastern European immigration while the BNP highlights immigration from the Third World. Overall, the analysis shows that both parties use language extensively to distinguish between in-groups and out-groups, but that UKIP’s parameters are more fine-tuned

The Role of Attorney Fee Shifting in Public Interest Litigation

BACKGROUND: Brain tissue segmentation of white matter (WM), grey matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are important in neuroradiological applications. Quantitative Mri (qMRI) allows segmentation based on physical tissue properties, and the dependencies on MR scanner settings are removed. Brain tissue groups into clusters in the three dimensional space formed by the qMRI parameters R1, R2 and PD, and partial volume voxels are intermediate in this space. The qMRI parameters, however, depend on the main magnetic field strength. Therefore, longitudinal studies can be seriously limited by system upgrades. The aim of this work was to apply one recently described brain tissue segmentation method, based on qMRI, at both 1.5 T and 3.0 T field strengths, and to investigate similarities and differences. METHODS: In vivo qMRI measurements were performed on 10 healthy subjects using both 1.5 T and 3.0 T MR scanners. The brain tissue segmentation method was applied for both 1.5 T and 3.0 T and volumes of WM, GM, CSF and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) were calculated on both field strengths. Repeatability was calculated for each scanner and a General Linear Model was used to examine the effect of field strength. Voxel-wise t-tests were also performed to evaluate regional differences. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between 1.5 T and 3.0 T for WM, GM, CSF and BPF (p<0.001). Analyses of main effects showed that WM was underestimated, while GM and CSF were overestimated on 1.5 T compared to 3.0 T. The mean differences between 1.5 T and 3.0 T were -66 mL WM, 40 mL GM, 29 mL CSF and -1.99% BPF. Voxel-wise t-tests revealed regional differences of WM and GM in deep brain structures, cerebellum and brain stem. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the brain was identically classified at the two field strengths, although some regional differences were observed

The pattern of genetic and environmental variation in relation to ageing in laying hens

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Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Asymptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease in 68-year-old Men with Diabetes. Results from the Population Study 'Men Born in 1914' from Malmo, Sweden.

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in older men with diabetes and to compare the incidence of cardiac events and deaths in diabetic and non-diabetic men with abnormal and normal systolic ankle–brachial pressure index, respectively.Research design and methodsPopulation-based cohort of 68-year-old men (n=474). Diabetes was defined as history of diabetes or a fasting blood glucose ≥6.1mmol/l. PAD was defined as an ankle–brachial pressure index (ABI) <0.9 in either leg. Fourteen-year mortality and cardiac event rates were based on record linkage with regional and national registers.ResultsThe prevalence of PAD in men with and without diabetes was 29 and 12%, respectively (p=0.003). The incidence of cardiac events was 22.9/1000 person years in men free from both diabetes and PAD. In the absence of an abnormal pressure index, diabetes was associated with an event rate of 28.4 (p=0.469). In the presence of an abnormal index the incidence was 102 (p<0.001). This pattern remained in the multivariate analysis when other atherosclerotic risk factors were taken into account. Cardiovascular mortality rates similarly differed substantially between diabetic men with and without PAD.ConclusionsA fasting blood glucose value above 6.1mmol/l even in the absence of symptoms indicating diabetes was associated by an increased prevalence of asymptomatic PAD. The cardiovascular risk in diabetes varied widely between men with and without abnormal ankle–brachial pressure index

High-repetition-rate combustion thermometry with two-line atomic fluorescence excited by diode lasers

We report on kilohertz-repetition-rate flame temperature measurements performed using blue diode lasers. Two-line atomic fluorescence was performed by using diode lasers emitting at around 410 and 451 nm to probe seeded atomic indium. At a repetition rate of 3.5 kHz our technique offers a precision of 1.5% at 2000 K in laminar methane/air flames. The spatial resolution is better than 150 mu m, while the setup is compact and easy to operate, at much lower cost than alternative techniques. By modeling the spectral overlap between the locked laser and the probed indium lines we avoid the need for any calibration of the measurements. We demonstrate the capability of the technique for time-resolved measurements in an acoustically perturbed flame. The technique is applicable in flames with a wide range of compositions including sooting flames

Connecting the resource nexus to basic urban service provision – with focus on water-energy interactions in New York City

Urban water and energy systems are crucial for sustainably meeting basic service demands in cities. This paper proposes and applies a technology-independent “reference resource-to-service system” framework for concurrent evaluation of urban water and energy system interventions and their ‘nexus’ or ‘interlinkages’. In a concrete application, data that approximate New York City conditions are used to evaluate a limited set of interventions in the residential sector, spanning from low-flow toilet shifts to extensive green roof installations. Results indicate that interventions motivated primarily by water management goals can considerably reduce energy use and contribute to mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Similarly, energy efficiency interventions can considerably reduce water use in addition to lowering emissions. However, interventions yielding the greatest reductions in energy use and emissions are not necessarily the most water conserving ones, and vice versa. Useful further research, expanding the present analysis should consider a broader set of resource interactions, towards a full climate, land, energy and water (CLEW) nexus approach. Overall, assessing the impacts, trade-offs and co-benefits from interventions in one urban resource system on others also holds promise as support for increased resource efficiency through integrated decision making

Low fasting plasma insulin is associated with atrial fibrillation in men from a cohort study - the Malmö preventive project

Background: Type 2 diabetes has been associated with increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and cardiovascular disease. Controversy remains regarding the role of insulin in the epidemiology of AF risk. The aim of the present study was to study the association between fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and incidence of AF, as well as any effect modification by fasting blood glucose (FBG) or 2 h post-load blood glucose and body mass index (BMI). Methods: The study population consisted of 6052 men and 1014 women followed for an average of 26.2 years. There were 983 cases of incident AF. Analysis was performed using Cox regression and competing risks regression approaches. The population was analysed as a whole, and by subgroups according to glucose levels and BMI. Results: After adjustment for age, height, weight, systolic blood pressure and smoking there was a significant inverse association between FPI and AF (hazard ratio; HR) for 4th vs. 1st quartile: 0.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-0.83, p < 0.0001) in the cohort as a whole. Among men the corresponding values were HR 0.64 (95% CI 0.52-0.78, p < 0.001) and among women HR 1.16 (95% CI 0.69-1.93, p = 0.58); p-value for interaction 0.06. The protective effects of insulin tended to be weaker in subjects with elevated fasting glucose, implying that the relation between FPI and incident AF could be dependent on the status of individual's glucose metabolism. Conclusions: High levels of FPI are associated with lower risk of incident AF in a middle-aged population with a long follow-up