Norm Monitoring under Partial Action Observability

In the context of using norms for controlling multi-agent systems, a vitally important question that has not yet been addressed in the literature is the development of mechanisms for monitoring norm compliance under partial action observability. This paper proposes the reconstruction of unobserved actions to tackle this problem. In particular, we formalise the problem of reconstructing unobserved actions, and propose an information model and algorithms for monitoring norms under partial action observability using two different processes for reconstructing unobserved actions. Our evaluation shows that reconstructing unobserved actions increases significantly the number of norm violations and fulfilments detected.Comment: Accepted at the IEEE Transaction on Cybernetic

Resolving Multi-party Privacy Conflicts in Social Media

Items shared through Social Media may affect more than one user's privacy --- e.g., photos that depict multiple users, comments that mention multiple users, events in which multiple users are invited, etc. The lack of multi-party privacy management support in current mainstream Social Media infrastructures makes users unable to appropriately control to whom these items are actually shared or not. Computational mechanisms that are able to merge the privacy preferences of multiple users into a single policy for an item can help solve this problem. However, merging multiple users' privacy preferences is not an easy task, because privacy preferences may conflict, so methods to resolve conflicts are needed. Moreover, these methods need to consider how users' would actually reach an agreement about a solution to the conflict in order to propose solutions that can be acceptable by all of the users affected by the item to be shared. Current approaches are either too demanding or only consider fixed ways of aggregating privacy preferences. In this paper, we propose the first computational mechanism to resolve conflicts for multi-party privacy management in Social Media that is able to adapt to different situations by modelling the concessions that users make to reach a solution to the conflicts. We also present results of a user study in which our proposed mechanism outperformed other existing approaches in terms of how many times each approach matched users' behaviour.Comment: Authors' version of the paper accepted for publication at IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 201

Alkali activated slag mortars provide high resistance to chloride-induced corrosion of steel

The pore solutions of alkali-activated slag cements and Portland-based cements are very different in terms of their chemical and redox characteristics, particularly due to the high alkalinity and high sulfide content of alkali-activated slag cement. Therefore, differences in corrosion mechanisms of steel elements embedded in these cements could be expected, with important implications for the durability of reinforced concrete elements. This study assesses the corrosion behavior of steel embedded in alkali-activated blast furnace slag (BFS) mortars exposed to alkaline solution, alkaline chloride-rich solution, water, and standard laboratory conditions, using electrochemical techniques. White Portland cement (WPC) mortars and blended cement mortars (WPC and BFS) were also tested for comparative purposes. The steel elements embedded in immersed alkali-activated slag mortars presented very negative redox potentials and high apparent corrosion current values; the presence of sulfide reduced the redox potential, and the oxidation of the reduced sulfur-containing species within the cement itself gave an electrochemical signal that classical electrochemical tests for reinforced concrete durability would interpret as being due to steel corrosion processes. However, the actual observed resistance to chloride-induced corrosion was very high, as measured by extraction and characterization of the steel at the end of a 9-month exposure period, whereas the steel embedded in WPC mortars was significantly damaged under the same conditions

Towards implicit contextual integrity

Many real incidents demonstrate that users of Online Social Networks need mechanisms that help them manage their interactions by increasing the awareness of the different contexts that coexist in Online Social Networks and preventing users from exchanging inappropriate information in those contexts or disseminating sensitive information from some contexts to others. Contextual integrity is a privacy theory that expresses the appropriateness of information sharing based on the contexts in which this information is to be shared. Computational models of Contextual Integrity assume the existence of well-defined contexts, in which individuals enact pre-defined roles and information sharing is governed by an explicit set of norms. However, contexts in Online Social Networks are known to be implicit, unknown a priori and ever changing; users’ relationships are constantly evolving; and the norms for information sharing are implicit. This makes current Contextual Integrity models not suitable for Online Social Networks. This position paper highlights the limitations of current research to tackle the problem of exchanging inappropriate information and undesired dissemination of information and outlines the desiderata for a new vision that we call Implicit Contextual Integrity

Investigación de algunos indicadores del estatus cognitivo de las concepciones sobre el estado eléctrico

Tomando como hipótesis de trabajo la suposición de que las concepciones alternativas de los alumnos tienen una naturaleza implícita y un carácter probabilístico y difuso, se han estudiado algunos indicadores del estatus de las concepciones sobre el estado eléctrico. La investigación de las dimensiones: estabilidad en el tiempo, sin mediar enseñanza, coherencia lógica, plausibilidad y coexistencia, ha permitido establecer comparaciones cognitivas entre la acepción académica y las ideas previas. También se ha logrado establecer diferencias internas entre estas últimas, a fin de esclarecer el tipo de dificultad que representan para la evolución conceptual. El estudio empírico se realizó con 52 estudiantes de Magisterio.Assuming the hypothesis that students' alternative conceptions have an implicit nature, and probabilistic and indeterminate features, some indicators of cognitive status of these explanations about the notion of electric state have been investigated. Research into the dimensions: stability over a period of time without teaching, coexistence, logic consistency, and plausibility, has produced comparisons between the different explanations. Several conclusions about the differences between the conceptions have been derived, with the aim of considering the sort of difficulties that there may be for a satisfactory conceptual evolution. The sample for the empirical research included 52 science students of a primary teacher training college

Assembly of an adult type acetylcholine receptor in a mouse cell line transfected with rat muscle epsilon-subunit DNA.

AbstractThe mouse muscle cell line BC3H-1 expresses an acetylcholine receptor (AChR) composed of α-,β-, and δ-subunits [1]. The functional characteristics of this AChR are comparable to the non-synaptic AChR subtype in mouse muscle [2,3]. To investigate the role of the ϵ-subunit, which is believed to replace the γ-subunit in forming the adult AChR subtype [4], BC3H-1 cells were stably transfected with cDNA encoding the rat muscle AChR ϵ-subunit. Expression of this cDNA was under the control of a heat shock promoter, and the plasmid carried the neomycin resistance gene for selection. Several clones were isolated that had integrated the plasmid DNA in a stable form and produced ϵ-subunit specific RNA after heat induction. Single-channel current recording from cells which contained abundant ϵ-subunit mRNA identified a novel AChR channel having a larger conductance than the native AChR in these cells. These results suggest that the rat muscle ϵ-subunit may assemble with mouse muscle α-, β- and δ-subunits to form a mouse-rat hybrid AChR with properties similar to that of end-plate channels in the mature mammalian neuromuscular synapse. The novel AChR channel appears in the surface membrane within a few hours following the rise in ϵ-subunit mRNA. Thus, the notion that replacement of the γ-subunit by the ϵ-subunit during development is the result of the postnatal rise in the level of ϵ-subunit specific mRNA is further supported

Enfoque CTS en la enseñanza de la energía nuclear : análisis de su tratamiento en textos de física y química de la ESO

En este artículo se muestran los resultados y las conclusiones de un estudio exploratorio sobre el enfoque ciencia-tecnología-sociedad (CTS), introducido en la enseñanza de la energía nuclear en Secundaria. Para ello, se analizan once libros de texto de las editoriales más utilizadas en la enseñanza de la física y química de 3º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía (España).In this paper, we present the results and conclusions of an exploratory study on Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach, introduced in teaching of nuclear power in Secondary School. We analyse eleven textbooks of the most used publisher in physics and chemistry teaching in Secondary School (14-15 years-old), in region of Andalusia (Spain)