Access to telecommunications networks

telecommunication;telecommunication industry;networks;access to market;policy;allocation;microeconomics

Cyclical Metamorphosis: The Accreditation Experience of Middle Managers in Local Colleges in CALABARZON, Philippines

This phenomenological study, which followed Moustakas's qualitative framework, determined the lived experiences of selected middle managers in the accreditation process of local colleges in CALABARZON. Six prevailing themes showed the participants’ experience in accreditation. Theme 1 covered the meeting and sustaining standards wherein the participants deemed the importance of orientation on the nature of accreditation. Theme 2 underscored quality and excellence wherein they acknowledged the prestige of recognition once they get the accreditation status sought, which should reaffirm their commitment to the mission-vision-goal statement of their institution. Theme 3 accentuated their experience in the search for innovation, theme 4 focused on hitting the deadline and quality metrics and the challenges of coordination and teamwork. Theme 5 tackled issues on hitting standards which cover financial constraints, facilities and logistics issues, and attracting educators to stay in local colleges. Finally, Theme 6 presented that accreditation is a stress-related endeavor. Still, the participants agreed that institutions of higher learning should be ready for stressors as they are part of achieving recognition and prestige

The Economics of Books

The tensions between books and book markets as expressions of culture and books as products in profit-making businesses are analysed and insights from the theory of industrial organisation are given. Governments intervene in the market for books through laws concerning prices of books, grants for authors and publishers, a lower value-added tax, public libraries and education in order to stimulate the diversity of books on offer, increase the density of retail outlets and to promote reading. An overview of the different ways by which countries differ in terms of market structures and government policies is given. Particular attention is paid to retail price maintenance. Due to differences between European countries it is not a good idea to harmonise European book policies. Our analysis suggests that the book market seems quite able to invent solutions to specific problems of the book trade and that, apart from promoting reading, there is little need for government intervention.books, publishers, authors, diversity, monopolistic competition, retail price maintenance, subsidies, libraries, internet

Monophonic numbers of the join and composition of connected graphs

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the monophonic sets in the join and composition of two connected graphs. We also determine the monophonic numbers of the join of any two connected graphs and the composition G[Kn] of a connected graph G and the complete graph Kn. Lower and upper bounds are obtained for the monophonic number of the composition G[H], where G is connected and H is a connected non-complete graph

Future policy in telecommunications: an analytical framework

CPB investigates future policy issues within the telecommunication sector with the aid of so-called 'exogenous developments'. �The aim is to analyse a limited number of developments that are exogenous to policymakers. The policy issues that emerge depend mainly on the trade-off between so-called static and dynamic efficiency. The three exogenous developments we consider are: growth of internet through mobile, the outpacing of demand for supply of broad band internet access, and the concentration and consolidation of the European mobile industry. This paper describes the policy trade-offs for each of the exogenous developments, charts the likely development of the industry given certain key drivers, and suggests ways in which the market can be pushed towards the optimum state of high dynamic and high static efficiency. This work is co-financed by OPTA.

Publiek – private samenwerking bij combinatie projecten

Publiek-private samenwerking (PPS) krijgt veel aandacht als wijze van uitvoering van projecten waarin investeringen in infrastructuur (bijvoorbeeld in een station voor de hogesnelheidslijn) gecombineerd worden met stedelijke vernieuwing en investeringen in vastgoed. Het gaat om zogenaamde Combinatieprojecten. Doel van dit onderzoek is bij te dragen aan inzicht in de voorwaarden waaronder de mogelijke voordelen van PPS bij Combinatieprojecten zijn te realiseren. De focus hierbij is hoe publieke belangen het best gerealiseerd kunnen worden. We richten ons daartoe op het Rijk en de gemeenten. Deze keuze impliceert geenszins dat de problematiek benaderd wordt vanuit het idee dat het de ´goedwillende overheid´ tegen de ´gehaaide private partijen´ is. De doelstelling van private partijen is in de regel overzichtelijk: het maximaliseren van winst. Daartegenover staat een complexe verzameling mogelijk tegengestelde publieke belangen. De vraag is hoe de kracht van private partijen benut kan worden om die complexe verzameling publieke doelen te realiseren. Daarbij liggen de kansen van PPS vooral in een hoger maatschappelijk rendement door uitruil van prestaties en een betere risicoverdeling tussen de partijen. De risico's van PPS zitten vooral in de afhankelijkheid van andere partijen. De twee vragen die in dit onderzoek centraal staan zijn: Welke afwegingen zijn voor het Rijk en de gemeenten van belang bij het kiezen voor PPS bij Combinatieprojecten? Gegeven een keuze voor PPS, welke factoren dragen bij tot coöperatief gedrag van alle betrokken partijen in de diverse fasen van een Combinatieproject

Positioning Analysis of Filipino Family Narratives in the Context of Prisoner Reintegration

Prisoner reintegration may be viewed as a crisis situation that may lead to a period of instability within the family. Existing researches in this area remain focused on the individual perspective of ex-offenders rather than the experiences of receiving families back in their households. In this study, we aim to examine the reintegration experiences of the family as a group from an initial state of chaos to equilibrium upon the reentry of an incarcerated parent. Using a sample of 12 interviews of family members left behind by incarcerated fathers, three major storylines relating to the family’s struggle for moral re-ascendancy in the context of parental reintegration are identified: othering, rehabilitation, and restoration. We explain the interlocking emotional, discursive, and material forms of labor embedded in the process of prisoner reintegration. Policy implications on social and institutional aid to the families of reintegrating fathers are also discussed

Systolic blood pressure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular risk

\ua9 2023 Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Objective: In individuals with complex underlying health problems, the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and cardiovascular disease is less well recognised. The association between SBP and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was investigated. Methods: and analysis In this cohort study, 39 602 individuals with a diagnosis of COPD aged 55-90 years between 1990 and 2009 were identified from validated electronic health records (EHR) in the UK. The association between SBP and risk of cardiovascular end points (composite of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke and cardiovascular death) was analysed using a deep learning approach. Results: In the selected cohort (46.5% women, median age 69 years), 10 987 cardiovascular events were observed over a median follow-up period of 3.9 years. The association between SBP and risk of cardiovascular end points was found to be monotonic; the lowest SBP exposure group of <120 mm Hg presented nadir of risk. With respect to reference SBP (between 120 and 129 mm Hg), adjusted risk ratios for the primary outcome were 0.99 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.05) for SBP of <120 mm Hg, 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07) for SBP between 130 and 139 mm Hg, 1.07 (1.01 to 1.12) for SBP between 140 and 149 mm Hg, 1.11 (1.05 to 1.17) for SBP between 150 and 159 mm Hg and 1.16 (1.10 to 1.22) for SBP ≥160 mm Hg. Conclusion: Using deep learning for modelling EHR, we identified a monotonic association between SBP and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with COPD