Little Liberals: A Child-Centred Approach to the Inculcation of Values

In a liberal-democracy, the proper role of parents and of the state in forming children’s beliefs involves several separate but interrelated debates: These concern the conceptual space that children occupy within liberal theory, the basis of the ‘control rights’ adults are said to have over children, and the tension between the values of autonomy and diversity, which are foundational values for a liberal-democracy. To clarify these debates, competing paradigms are identified in political theories that address them: A dual-interest view and a child-centred view. The former ‘balances’ the interests that parents and children have in the child-rearing relationship, and the latter takes the interests of children as paramount when making decisions aimed at ordering children’s moral lives. Only child-centred views are consistent with the moral equality required by liberalism. Parental rights should be viewed not as ownership rights or expressive rights but as instrumental rights that they hold as their children’s primary caretakers. These rights necessarily include an interpretive role in relation to their children’s best interests, and hence an entitlement to transmit their beliefs to them. Objections based on children’s autonomy are largely groundless: They unhelpfully set autonomy and diversity at odds with one another, they risk undermining the possibility of meaningful lives, and they demand an “open future” that is impossible. Nevertheless, for democratic reasons the state properly exercises authority over the content of education for future citizens

Gamma ray angular correlations following inelastic scattering of 42-MeV alpha particles from magnesium 24

Angular correlation between inelastically scattered alpha particles and gamma rays emitted in subsequent nuclear decay of magnesium 2

Short-range correlations in carbon-12, oxygen-16, and neon-20: Intrinsic properties

The Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) method has been applied to nuclei whose intrinsic structure is nonspherical. Reaction matrix elements were calculated as functions of starting energy for the Hamada-Johnston interaction using the Pauli operator appropriate to O-16 and a shifted oscillator spectrum for virtual excited states. Binding energies, single particle energies, radii, and shape deformations of the intrinsic state, in ordinary as well as renormalized BHF, are discussed and compared with previous HF studies and with experiment when possible. Results are presented for C-12, 0-16 and Ne-20. It is found that the binding energies and radii are too small, but that separation energies are well reproduced when the renormalized theory is used

Deformed Brueckner-Hartree-Fock calculations

The renormalized Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (RBHF) theory for many-body nuclear systems is generalized to permit calculations for intrinsic states having permanent deformation. Both Hartree-Fock and Brueckner self-consistencies are satisfied, and details of the numerical techniques are discussed. The Hamada-Johnston interaction is used in a study of deformations, binding, size, and separation energies for several nuclei. Electromagnetic transition rates, moments, and electron scattering form factors are calculated using nuclear wave functions obtained by angular momentum projection. Comparison is made to experiment as well as to predictions of ordinary and density-dependent Hartree-Fock Theory

The development and technology transfer of software engineering technology at NASA. Johnson Space Center

The United State's big space projects of the next decades, such as Space Station and the Human Exploration Initiative, will need the development of many millions of lines of mission critical software. NASA-Johnson (JSC) is identifying and developing some of the Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) technology that NASA will need to build these future software systems. The goal is to improve the quality and the productivity of large software development projects. New trends are outlined in CASE technology and how the Software Technology Branch (STB) at JSC is endeavoring to provide some of these CASE solutions for NASA is described. Key software technology components include knowledge-based systems, software reusability, user interface technology, reengineering environments, management systems for the software development process, software cost models, repository technology, and open, integrated CASE environment frameworks. The paper presents the status and long-term expectations for CASE products. The STB's Reengineering Application Project (REAP), Advanced Software Development Workstation (ASDW) project, and software development cost model (COSTMODL) project are then discussed. Some of the general difficulties of technology transfer are introduced, and a process developed by STB for CASE technology insertion is described

Reengineering legacy software to object-oriented systems

NASA has a legacy of complex software systems that are becoming increasingly expensive to maintain. Reengineering is one approach to modemizing these systems. Object-oriented technology, other modem software engineering principles, and automated tools can be used to reengineer the systems and will help to keep maintenance costs of the modemized systems down. The Software Technology Branch at the NASA/Johnson Space Center has been developing and testing reengineering methods and tools for several years. The Software Technology Branch is currently providing training and consulting support to several large reengineering projects at JSC, including the Reusable Objects Software Environment (ROSE) project, which is reengineering the flight analysis and design system (over 2 million lines of FORTRAN code) into object-oriented C++. Many important lessons have been learned during the past years; one of these is that the design must never be allowed to diverge from the code during maintenance and enhancement. Future work on open, integrated environments to support reengineering is being actively planned

Sleep disturbance as a moderator of the association between physical activity and later pain onset among American adults aged 50 and over : evidence from the Health and Retirement Study

Funding DW is supported by a Foundation Fellowship Versus Arthritis (Award Number: 21742). Contributors DW, HG, LMS, TJB, AK and GLD were involved in study conception and design, and advised on the statistical analysis plan and interpretation of the data. HG compiled the dataset and DW performed the statistical analysis. DW drafted the manuscript. HG, LMS, TJB, AK and GLD reviewed the manuscript, provided amendments and approved the final version. DW, HG and GLD had full access to study data and take responsibility for its accuracy and the integrity of the analysis. Data availability statement Data are available in a public, open access repository. The dataset used for this study was generated from data products publicly released by the Health and Retirement Study (HRS): https://hrs.isr.umich.edu. The HRS is sponsored by the National Institute on Ageing (grant number NIA U01AG009740).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Ballistic Impact of Braided Composites with a Soft Projectile

Impact tests using a soft gelatin projectile were performed to identify failure modes that occur at high strain energy density during impact loading. Failure modes were identified for aluminum plates and for composites plates and half-rings made from triaxial carbon fiber braid having a 0/+/- 60deg architecture. For aluminum plates, a large hole formed as a result of crack propagation from the initiation site at the center of the plate. For composite plates, fiber tensile failure occurred in the back ply at the center of the plate. Cracks then propagated from this site along the +/-60deg fiber directions until triangular flaps opened to form a hole. For composite half-rings fabricated with 0deg fibers aligned circumferentially, fiber tensile failure also occurred in the back ply. Cracks first propagated from this site perpendicular the 0deg fibers. The cracks then turned to follow the +/-60deg fibers and 0deg fibers until rectangular flaps opened to form a hole. Damage in the composites was localized near the impact site, while cracks in the aluminum extended to the boundaries