Mortalidad diferencial según el sexo en cataluña

ResumenEl objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la evolución de las tasas de mortalidad diferencial según el sexo en Cataluña, determinar cuáles son las causas de muerte que presentan mayores diferencias y comparar los resultados obtenidos en otros paísesSe han comparado las tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad (método directo) y las razones y diferencias de mortalidad entre sexos, utilizando datos de 1985 para permitir la comparación entre países.Los hombres han tenido una mortalidad más elevada por cáncer, accidentes y enfermedades digestivas. En las mujeres, la mortalidad más elevada ha sido para las enfermedades endocrinas, los trastornos mentales y las enfermedades cardiovasculares, de la piel, músculo-esqueléticas y aquéllas mal definidas La evolución de los últimos años muestra una relativa estabilización tras la tendencia al incremento mostrada en el período 1960 a 1979. En general, los hombres han tenido una tasa de mortalidad ajustada según la edad superior en un 60% respecto de las mujeres en los cuatro países con los que se han comparado los datos catalanes. El suicidio y los accidentes han mostrado la mayor razón de mortalidad, siendo alrededor de tres en esos países. La diabetes ha tenido una razón de mortalidad diferente en España y Cataluña respecto del resto de países (Japón, EE.UU., Inglaterra). Las causas de muerte con mayor mortalidad masculina, han sido los accidentes y las asociadas con el consumo de cigarrillos (cáncer de pulmón y enfermedades coronarias).SummaryThe purpose of the study is to analyse the evolution of sex differentials in mortality rates in Catalonia (Spain), to assess which causes of death have the higher differentials and to compare the results with other countries.Standardized mortality rates (direct method), sex mortality ratios and differences were obtained. Mortality data refers to 1985 to allow for comparison.Men had higher mortality than women, for cancer, accidents and diseases of the digestive tract. Women had higher mortality rates for endocrine diseases, mental disorders, cardiovascular, skin and muscle-skeleton diseases and ill-defined causes. The evolution in recent years shows a relative stabilization after an increasing trend observed from 1960 to 1979. In general, men had a 60% higher than women age-adjusted mortality rates in the four countries to which Catalonia is compared. Suicide and accidents showed the highest sex mortality ratios. Diabetes showed a different ratio in Catalonia and Spain (higher female mortality rate) compared to other countries. The causes of death with higher male mortality were accidents, as well as causes associated with smoking (lung cancer and dischemic heart disease)

Seminari de Coeducació: "entre imatges de dones"

Abstract not availabl

Singularity-invariant leg rearrangements in Stewart-Gough platforms

Postprint (author’s final draft

Uniqueness in languages with and without articles : Catalan vs Russian

The article compares the interpretation of singular topical nominals in Romance (Catalan) and Slavic (Russian), and its relation to the presence/absence of the article in the overt morphosyntax. The empirical study, presented in this paper, confirmed the theoretical prediction that in Catalan the presence of a definite article conveys uniqueness of the referent, while an indefinite article suggests nonuniqueness. In the absence of articles (in Russian), bare nominals are compatible with both a uniqueness and a non-uniqueness interpretation. The reading of a bare noun phrase is inferred pragmatically, depending on contextual factors and the background knowledge of the interlocutors

Selective Enzymatic Oxidation of Silanes to Silanols

Compared to the biological world's rich chemistry for functionalizing carbon, enzymatic transformations of the heavier homologue silicon are rare. We report that a wild‐type cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450_(BM3) from Bacillus megaterium, CYP102A1) has promiscuous activity for oxidation of hydrosilanes to give silanols. Directed evolution was applied to enhance this non‐native activity and create a highly efficient catalyst for selective silane oxidation under mild conditions with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. The evolved enzyme leaves C−H bonds present in the silane substrates untouched, and this biotransformation does not lead to disiloxane formation, a common problem in silanol syntheses. Computational studies reveal that catalysis proceeds through hydrogen atom abstraction followed by radical rebound, as observed in the native C−H hydroxylation mechanism of the P450 enzyme. This enzymatic silane oxidation extends nature's impressive catalytic repertoire

Integrative analysis of extracellular and intracellular bladder cancer cell line proteome with transcriptome: improving coverage and validity of -omics findings

Characterization of disease-associated proteins improves our understanding of disease pathophysiology. Obtaining a comprehensive coverage of the proteome is challenging, mainly due to limited statistical power and an inability to verify hundreds of putative biomarkers. In an effort to address these issues, we investigated the value of parallel analysis of compartment-specific proteomes with an assessment of findings by cross-strategy and cross-omics (proteomics-transcriptomics) agreement. The validity of the individual datasets and of a “verified” dataset based on crossstrategy/omics agreement was defined following their comparison with published literature. The proteomic analysis of the cell extract, Endoplasmic Reticulum/Golgi apparatus and conditioned medium of T24 vs. its metastatic subclone T24M bladder cancer cells allowed the identification of 253, 217 and 256 significant changes, respectively. Integration of these findings with transcriptomics resulted in 253 “verified” proteins based on the agreement of at least 2 strategies. This approach revealed findings of higher validity, as supported by a higher level of agreement in the literature data than those of individual datasets. As an example, the coverage and shortlisting of targets in the IL-8 signalling pathway are discussed. Collectively, an integrative analysis appears a safer way to evaluate -omics datasets and ultimately generate models from valid observations

Density Functional Theory-Inspired Design of Ir/P,S-Catalysts for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Olefins

In silico-based optimization of Ir/P,S-catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized olefins using (E)-1-(but-2-en-2-yl)-4-methoxybenzene as a benchmark olefin has been carried out. DFT calculations revealed that the thioether group has a major role in directing the olefin coordination. This, together with the configuration of the biphenyl phosphite group, has an impact in maximizing the energy gap between the most stable transition states leading to opposite enantiomers. As a result, the optimized catalyst proved to be efficient in the hydrogenation of a range of alkenes with the same substitution pattern and olefin geometry as the benchmark olefin, regardless of the presence of functional groups with different coordination abilities (ee values up to 97%). Appealingly, further modifications at the thioether groups and at the biaryl phosphite moiety allowed the highly enantioselective hydrogenation of olefins with different substitution patterns (e.g., α,β-unsaturated lactones and lactams, 1,1′-disubstituted enol phosphinates, and cyclic β-enamides; ee values up to >99%).We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-104904GB-I00, PGC2018-100780-B-I00, and PGC2018-096616-B-I00), European Regional Development Fund (AEI/FEDER, UE), the Catalan Government (2017SGR1472), and the University of Alicante (VOGROB-316FI). M.B. also thanks the URV for generous support