Pengaruh Konsentrasi Xanthan Gum Terhadap Stabilitas Fisik Krim Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco)

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a pure oils that is extracted from fresh coconut meat at low temperatures. The formulation of VCO in cream dosage form could retain skin moisture and improve the acceptability. Xanthan gum is one of the emulsifier that used to form oil in water (O/W) cream. The purpose of this research were to determine the effect of xanthan gum concentration to the physical stability of VCO cream. VCO creams were prepared by emulsifying the oil phase and the water phase with the variation of xanthan gum concentration (2.5; 2.7; 2.9; 3.1; 3.3% w/w). Observation of the physical stability of the cream includes organoleptic, emulsion type, droplets size, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and ratio of separation volume was conducted until 7th week, and also the freeze-thaw test for three cycles. The results showed that each formulation could produces homogeneous light brown cream with oil in water type. Increasing of xanthan gum concentration would increases viscosity of the cream so that spreadability decreases and adhesion increases during stability study. Ratio of separation volume increased after three cycles of freeze-thaw test. Cream with 3.3% w/w xanthan gum had the optimum physical stability

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Xanthan Gum Terhadap Stabilitas Fisik Krim Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco)

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a pure oils that is extracted from fresh coconut meat at low temperatures. The formulation of VCO in cream dosage form could retain skin moisture and improve the acceptability. Xanthan gum is one of the emulsifier that used to form oil in water (O/W) cream. The purpose of this research were to determine the effect of xanthan gum concentration to the physical stability of VCO cream. VCO creams were prepared by emulsifying the oil phase and the water phase with the variation of xanthan gum concentration (2.5; 2.7; 2.9; 3.1; 3.3% w/w). Observation of the physical stability of the cream includes organoleptic, emulsion type, droplets size, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and ratio of separation volume was conducted until 7th week, and also the freeze-thaw test for three cycles. The results showed that each formulation could produces homogeneous light brown cream with oil in water type. Increasing of xanthan gum concentration would increases viscosity of the cream so that spreadability decreases and adhesion increases during stability study. Ratio of separation volume increased after three cycles of freeze-thaw test. Cream with 3.3% w/w xanthan gum had the optimum physical stability

Harmonization of Policy Development and Its Implementation towards Supra Village Development Policy to Achieve Development of Coastal Communities in Nagur Village Serdang Bedagai Regency in North Sumatra Province

The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the suitability Nagur Village development policy and implementation of the supra village development policy. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data collection techniques used in depth interviews and observation. Secondary data collection by studying books, related literature and documents. Analysis method using comparative policy analysis model as developed by Lor, Peter (2011). The result of the research showed that none of development policy (programs/activities) and its implementation contrary to the supra village policy (regency, provincial, and national). However, the policy and its implementation does not resolve the question of public policy because the policy only see the suits of the supra village policy without seeing the real issues in society and the policy was not carried holistically and integrated. Key Words: Harmonization, Policy Implementation, Community Developmen

Ragam Pemakaian Bahasa Dalam SMS (Short Message Service) Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia Dan Daerah FKIP, UMS Angkatan 2007

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan deskripsi yang jelas mengenai wujud pemakaian bahasa dan hal-hal yang melatarbelakangi pemakaian bahasa dan Simbol-simbol ekspresi atau emoticon yang sering dipergunakan dalam SMS mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra dan Daerah FKIP UMS. Penelitian ini berbentuk deskriptif kualitatif yang membuat deskripsi secara nyata dan faktual tentang bahasa dalam SMS mahasiswa dengan Objek penelitian SMS mahasiswa Program Studi pendidikan bahasa, Sastra Indonesia dan daerah.Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik rekam, simak, catat, dan wawancara.Analisis data menggunakan metode padan dan agih.Validitas data mengunakan triangulasi data yang terdiri dari triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi metode. Hasil Penelitian adalah (1) wujud pemakaian bahasa dalam SMS mahasiswa yang berupa: (a) pemilihan kata yang terdiri dari penulisan kata yang tidak lengkap, penggunaan kata ganti sapaan, penggunaan interjeksi, dan penggunaan singkatan-singkatan tertentu. (b) penggunaan alih kode yang terdiri dari alih kode intern dan ekstern, (c) penggunaan campur kode yang terdiri dari campur kode kedalam, campur kode frasa, dan campur kode keluar, (d) penggunaan singkatan huruf kapital. (2). hal-hal yang melatarbelakangi meliputi(a) penghematan, (b) mempermudah penulisan SMS dalam keypad, (c) mempertegas informasi yang disampaikan, (d) ingin menunjukkan keakraban dan (e) ingin mengekspresikan diri melalui tulisan dalam SMS. (3). simbol ekspresi ada 5 kelompok antara lain (a) ekspresi senyum (:-D ) artinya senyum lebar, (b) marah ( T:! ) artinya kesal, (c) sedih ( :-( ) artinya cemberut, (d) menggoda ( :-P ) artinya meledek, (e) emosi ( :-o ) artinya bersorak

Hubungan Antara Indeks Massa Tubuh Dengan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terkontrol di Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis Surakarta

Latar Belakang : Diabetes melitus tipe 2 adalah kelompok penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan keadaan hiperglikemik akibat ketidaknormalan sekresi insulin, resistensi insulin atau keduanya. Peningkatan kontrol berat badan berperan dalan mengendalikan komplikasi DM yang berkaitan dengan tekanan darah. Peningkatan berat badan dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko menderita hipertensi. Meskipun tidak semua obesitas mengakibatkan hipertensi. Di Surakarta terdapat organisasi bagi penyandang DM yaitu Prolanis (Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara IMT dengan tekanan darah pada penderita DM tipe 2 terkontrol di Prolanis Surakarta. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional, dengan sampel penderita DM anggota Prolanis yang berjumlah 105 responden. Pada sampel dilakukan pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan, tekanan darah dan gula darah puasa. Uji yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-Square atau uji Fisher Exact. Hasil : Karakteristik pasien DM sebagian besar berjenis kelamin laki-laki yaitu sebanyak 60 sampel (57,1%). Terbanyak pada kelompok umur 55-64 tahun (39,0%). Sebagian besar IMT normal (69,5%). Tekanan darah sistolik hipertensi (84,8%). Tekanan darah diastolik paling banyak pada kategori normal (80,0%). Analisis ststistik menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara IMT dengan tekanan darah sistolik didapatkan nilai p 0,380 (p> 0,05) maupun diastolik dengan nilai p 0,794 (p> 0,05)

Some Epitopes Conservation in Non Structural 3 Protein Dengue Virus Serotype 4

Background: Non Structural 3 (NS3) protein of dengue virus (DENV) is known to induce antibody, CD4+and CD8+ T cell responses, and playing role in viral replication. NS3 protein has T and B cell epitopes,which has conservation difference between DENV-4 strains. This study aimed to identify conservation ofT and B cell epitope in NS3 protein among DENV-4 strains and four serotypes DENV of Indonesia strains.Methods: Research was held at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, UniversitasIndonesia, June 2013 to April 2014. NS3 amino acid sequence of DENV-4 081 strain was obtained afterNS3 gene of DENV-4 081 PCR products were sequenced. T and B cell epitopes of NS3 protein of DENV-4081 strain were analysed and compared to NS3 proteins of 124 DENV-4 strains around the world and fourserotypes of Indonesia strains. World strains were isolated from America (i.e. Venezuela, Colombia, etc.)and Asia (i.e. China, Singapore, etc.). For the comparison, T and B cell epitope positions of NS3 proteinwere obtained from published report.Results: Eight positions of T cell epitopes and two positions of B cell epitopes of NS3 DENV-4 081 wereidentical and conserved to NS3 protein of 124 DENV-4 strains around the world. B cell epitope of NS3 DENV-4 081 protein at aa 537-544 was found identical and conserved to four serotypes DENV of Indonesia strains.Conclusion: This wide conservation of T and B epitopes in almost all DENV-4 strains around the worldand all serotypes of Indonesia strains. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2015;6:126-31

Pelabelan Antibodianti-ns1 Dengue Kelinci dengan Horseradish Peroksidase

Dengue NSI protein can be an ideal target for early detection of dengue virus infection. The aim of the study is to label rabbit anti-NSI antibody with HRP, so that it can be used for detection of NSI protein. The design of this study is laboratory experimental. Anti-NSI IgG-contained rabbit serum was purified with column chromatography (Sephadex G-200). The result of purification was labeled with HRP using periodate method. Then, HRP-labeled IgG was generated with dot blot and ELISA. Using dot blot assay, we found that rabbit anti-NSI IgG labeled with HRP is successful. Nevertheless, the ability of detection was not so good (1:1600). In addition, HRP-labeled IgG used to detect NSI protein utilizing ELISA resulted in high negative control absorbance (0,453 ± 0,013). Therefore, we cannot interpret the assay. The labeling was successful, but it need further optimatization in order to get the HRP-labeled IgG can be used in ELISA. Optimatization was also needed to increasing the ability of detection of HRP-labeled IgG in dot blot assay

Pengklonaan Gen Nonstruktural 3 Virus Dengue Serotipe 2 (ns3 denv-2) Strain Indonesia ke dalam Plasmid umvc4a

Abstrak Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama dunia. Penyakit DBD disebabkan oleh virus dengue dari famili Flaviviridae yang terdiri atas empat serotipe. Genom virus dengue terdiri atas tiga gen penyandi protein struktural dan tujuh gen penyandi protein nonstruktural. Protein nonstruktural-3 (NS3) merupakan protein yang memiliki beberapa fungsi, yaitu dalam pemrosesan poliprotein, replikasi dan capping RNA, serta sebagai target utama respons imun selular, baik sel T CD4+ maupun sel T sitotoksik CD8+. Protein tersebut mengandung banyak epitop yang dapat dikenali oleh sistem imun humoral maupun selular. Oleh karena itu, protein NS3 merupakan target potensial bagi pengembangan vaksin dengue. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh klon gen NS3 dalam pUMVC4a. Gen NS3 diamplifikasi dengan teknik PCR. Gen NS3 dan pUMV4a didigesti dengan enzim PstI dan NotI, kemudian diligasi menggunakan enzim T4 ligase dan ditransformasi ke dalam sel Escherichia coli DH5α. Visualisasi hasil isolasi plasmid rekombinan menunjukkan empat rekombinan memiliki pola migrasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan plasmid wild-type. Verifikasi insert dan analisis orientasi dengan PCR dan sekuensing menunjukkan sisipan gen NS3 dalam pUMVC4a dengan orientasi yang benar.Kata kunci: dengue, nonstruktural 3 (NS3), vaksin Abstract Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains one of the world’s major health problems. Dengue fever is caused by dengue virus of the family Flaviviridae, which consists of four serotypes. Dengue virus genome consists of three genes encoding structural proteins and seven genes encoding nonstructural proteins. Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) is a multifunctional protein that function in polyprotein processing, replication and RNA capping, as well as the main target of cellular immune responses, both CD4 T cells and CD8 cytotoxic T cells. It has many epitopes that can be recognized by the humoral and cellular immune system. Therefore, the NS3 protein is a potential target for the development of dengue vaccine. This study aims to obtain the NS3 gene in the pUMVC4a vector. NS3 gene was amplified by PCR. NS3 gene and plasmid were digested with enzymes PstI and NotI, then ligated using T4 ligase enzyme and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α cells. Visualization of the isolated recombinant plasmid showed four clones have migration peatern higher than migration of plasmid of wild type. Verification the orientation of the insert by PCR and sequencing analysis showed that NS3 gene was inserted in pUMVC4a with the correct orientation.Key words: dengue, nonstructural 3 (NS3), vaccin