New distributional range record of the Red slate ornamental spider Poecilotheria rufilata (Theraphosidae) in Anaimalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu

The distributional records of Poecilotheria species are scarce, yet it is crucial to know their distribution patterns for effective species conservation. In this article, we present a new distributional range for Poecilotheria rufilata. During a spider survey conducted in August 2022 at Anaimalai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu, a male P. rufilata, commonly known as the Red slate ornamental tarantula, was sighted. This species has limited distributional data, with the type locality being Peppara Dam in the Agastyavanam Reserve of the Western Ghats in Kerala. The observation of P. rufilata in Anaimalai Tiger Reserve expands our knowledge of the species range and highlights the need for continued distributional work to identify the distribution patterns of Poecilotheria spp in Tamil Nadu. Such studies are crucial for developing effective conservation strategies to protect these spiders and their habitats

Journalist insecurity & state control over journalism in Bangladesh

The media upholds democracy and rights of mass people in the contemporary globe, and it is regarded as the fourth estate of a state. It is known to all that freedom of press is a fundamental right of citizens in a democracy. This fundamental right is being questioned by world governments bearing manifold interpretation in the related laws and systems along with different kinds of insecurity issues like killing, force disappearance, attacking or being threatened. Mass-media systems of the world vary from one another according to the economy, polity, religion, and culture of different societies. Journalism and freedom of speech has been an important part of a democratic society from the very beginning of modern history. Violence, threats, and insecurity against journalists all over the world have been increasing steadily. Additionally, fear of losing jobs, political pressure and harassment by the state-authority or political leaders, providing anti-public law and self-censorship are suffocating media freedoms every now and then. A good number of researches have been done; and published literature on the subject matter is also ample. But there are very few on the issue of media-control and journalist insecurity in Bangladesh. This research is an attempt to explore the journalists’ insecurity issues and overt/covered control mechanisms by the state that has been practiced over the mainstream news media in Bangladesh in different times. The study mostly focused on the socio-political environment of journalists’ insecurity and state-sponsored media-control mechanisms in Bangladesh. There were possibilities to work with other countries, but the area has been chosen based on Bangladeshi Media to add something new to that gap.Os meios de comunicação social defendem a democracia e os direitos das pessoas de massas no mundo contemporâneo, e é considerado como o quarto estado. Todos sabem que a liberdade de imprensa é um direito fundamental dos cidadãos numa democracia. Este direito fundamental está a ser questionado por governos mundiais com múltiplas interpretações nas leis e sistemas relacionados, juntamente com diferentes tipos de questões de insegurança como matar, forçar o desaparecimento, atacar ou ser ameaçado. Os sistemas de mass-media do mundo variam uns dos outros de acordo com a economia, política, religião e cultura de diferentes sociedades. O jornalismo e a liberdade de expressão têm sido uma parte importante de uma sociedade democrática desde o início da história moderna. A violência, as ameaças e a insegurança contra os jornalistas em todo o mundo têm vindo a aumentar constantemente. Além disso, o medo de perder empregos, a pressão política e o assédio por parte da autoridade do Estado ou dos líderes políticos, proporcionando leis anti-públicas e auto-censura, sufocam de vez em quando as liberdades dos meios de comunicação social. Um bom número de pesquisas tem sido feito; e a literatura publicada sobre o assunto também é ampla. Mas há muito poucos sobre a questão do controlo dos media e da insegurança dos jornalistas no Bangladesh. Esta investigação é uma tentativa de explorar as questões de insegurança dos jornalistas e os mecanismos de controlo aberto/coberto pelo Estado que tem sido praticado sobre os principais meios de comunicação social no Bangladesh em diferentes épocas. O estudo centrou-se principalmente no ambiente sócio-político da insegurança dos jornalistas e nos mecanismos de controlo dos meios de comunicação social patrocinados pelo Estado no Bangladesh. Havia possibilidades de trabalhar com outros países, mas a área foi escolhida com base nos meios de comunicação social do Bangladesh para acrescentar algo de novo a essa lacuna

Exploring human-nature interaction on the coastal floodplain in the ganges-brahmaputra delta through the lens of ostrom’s social-ecological systems framework

This study diagnoses temporal and spatial variations in the performance of different social-ecological systems (SES) in coastal floodplain management in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta. We go beyond common pool resource management problems and address the management of local public goods. In the assessment, we consider recent developments in the framework initially developed by Elinor Ostrom. The main variables of the framework that we use are resource systems, the environment, the governance system and actors. The focal SES is defined based on guiding questions relating to the definition of the key problem, system boundaries, and action situations. According to our results, the performance of resource systems and the environment deteriorated in 1960–79 compared to the performance prior to 1960. The condition reached a low point during 1980–1999 but improved slightly after 1999. The horizontal network structure of local governance was active until 1960. Due to the introduction of the ‘tidal river management’ approach in the 90 s, the performance of the resource system and the environment has slightly improved, as has the involvement of government and non-government organizations. Our results also show that overall SES performance is comparatively bette

An effective directional motion database organization for human motion recognition

Automatic recognition of human motions has an increasing demand in the recent visionary world. However, with the registration of large number of motions from varying viewpoints, the necessity for an effective motion database for recognition has be-come a vital issue. In the context of motion database development, this paper proposes a directional database organization for human motion recognition. This organization parti-tions the motion database into several sub-databases on the basis of camera orientation. Separate feature spaces are constructed, and correspondingly directional sub-databases are built, leading to the constitution of the complete motion database. The directionally similar but semantically different motions are properly distinguished. To show the ro-bustness of the proposed organization for recognizing human motions, a set of motions captured from varying viewpoints is analyzed. An eigenspace representation is employed as a generic feature space that sufficiently characterizes the motion features. Motion His-tory Image (MHI) and Exclusive-OR (XOR) image representations are used as motion templates where MHI is found performing better than XOR image. The experimental re-sults show high-level of satisfactory performance and claim the signi_cant improvement over earlier developed systems

Improving the Fastness Properties of Cotton Fabric through the Implementation of Different Mordanting Agents Dyed with Natural Dye Extracted from Marigold

Extraction of natural dyes for the coloration of Textile substrate is one the most important research area to the researchers. It is tried to extract the natural dyes from marigold flower through using the different kinds of mordanting agents. In this research, a particular source is used for dyes extraction. Before the extraction Patel of the marigold flower was extracted and dried on sunlight, subsequently dried in room temperature due to preserve the natural colorant. The natural dyes were extracted by boiling the above substrates in water without any chemicals. As mordant, Potash Alum [K2Al2(SO4)3.24H2O], Ferrous Sulphate(FeSO4),Copper Sulphate (CuSO4),Nickel (II) Sulphate (NiSO4),Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7),Stannous Chloride(SnCl2) were used. The mordanting procedures were followed same for all the experiments. The treatment runtime was 60 minute at 100oC. After mordanting each sample fabric was kept for 24 hours for conditioning and then the dyeing was done. But as there is no particular dyeing method for natural dyeing so it is followed some trial and some convenient methods were made after trial for several times. Mordanted samples were wet out in cold water before dyeing. During dyeing some salt or soda was added to observe the effects through the Runtime 60 minutes at 60oC. After dyeing samples were cold rinsed and soaping was done and dried with hot air dryer. Finally the color fastness like Color fastness to wash, Color fastness to perspiration/saliva, Color fastness to water, Color fastness to rubbing and Color fastness to light were checked and found satisfactory result

Reduce Vibration Of Robot Finger Using Different Materials

A robot is a machine which can be guided by an external control device (or) the control may be embedded within. The branch of technology deals with design,construction,operation, and application of robots. As well as computer system of their control, sensor feedback, information processing, to how act of robot in as computer. Application fields of robot,welding, material handling, food industry to use in pick and place processing and domestic application etchellip In this project, the study has been made to develop of finger material change for robots in the field of food industries. Already food industries have to use in so many materials of robot fingers. In sample of silicon rubber material to reference of this project. But we change in the materials of silicon rubber alternative to Viton flouro elastomer. Both materials for soft contact and withstand high temperature. So, the change in material of silicon into Viton fluoro elastomer and then to save in time and high temperature to act a Viton rubber. The experimental study is carried out by a silicon and Viton fluoro elastomer for various parameters as following them ,nbsp Hardness test ,nbsp Bio material test ,nbsp Drop weight test , Tensile strength , Impact test ,nbsp Percentage elongation ,nbsp Fatigue test , Force gauges ,nbsp Plastic and rubber test. Compare for experimental test to silicon and Viton fluoro elastomer. The result shows that the Viton fluoro elastomer material is better than the silicon rubber for robot finger

Local flap for reconstruction of nasal defect following excision of basal cell carcinoma of nose

Reconstruction of soft tissue at the nose following excision of basal cell carcinoma is always challenging, because of both functional and aesthetic importance of nose. The local flap is always preferable to skin graft as this produces like with like replacement, pliable cover and vascularized tissue over the skeletal framework. In this paper, we discussed six cases of nasal reconstruction with bilobed flap, forehead flap, and nasolabial flap. All flaps survived and the patients had satisfactory outcome

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract: Combination of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients is necessary for sustainable agriculture that can ensure food production with high quality. In order to study the effect of vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on the growth and yield components in rice, an experiment was carried out during December 2013 to June 2014, in randomized block design based on 3 replications. The treatments of vermicompost were given in 4 levels (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 t ha -1 ) and 4 levels of chemical fertilizers (0-0-0-0, 50-8-33-6, 100-16-66-12 and 150-24-99-18 kg N, P, K and S ha -1 , respectively). Different levels of vermicompost and NPKS fertilizers showed significant effect on growth, yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan29. Results showed that application of medium level of chemical fertilizer with 4 t ha -1 vermicompost gave the maximum yield. It was observed that over dose of NPKS fertilizers from chemical source decreased rice yield. Results also revealed that the highest plant height, effective tillers hill -1 , flag leaf length, panicle length, filled grains panicle -1 , 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield were obtained from the combination of 4 t ha -1 vermicompost with 100 kg ha -1 N, 16 kg ha -1 P, 66 kg ha -1 K, 12 kg ha -1 S. It was observed that yield of rice can be increased substantially with the judicious application of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer