EXAMINATION OF TEACHER CANDIDATES’ ATTITUDES, EMOTIONS, AND ANXIETIES REGARDING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION BY DIFFERENT VARIABLES

To benefit teaching-learning processes, Individuals needing special education must be placed in suitable education environments after educational identification and evaluation processes. The least restrictive environment approach was employed considering peer interaction and academic skills. Inclusive education is one of the most chosen least restrictive environments. Studies have suggested that inclusive education is beneficial for both the typical students and students with special needs. It is stated that the main element in the success of inclusive education is the teacher. Because teachers prepare, apply, monitor and evaluate the individualized educations programs which are suitable for the needs and characteristics of students with special needs. In this respect, it is known that the attitudes, emotions, and anxieties of teachers towards inclusive education are significant factors (Salend and Duhaney, 1999; Şekercioğlu, 2010; Diken, 1999). Many studies can be found on inclusive education but few of them are about the emotions, attitudes, and anxieties of teacher candidates towards inclusive education. So, this study aims to examine the emotions, attitudes, and anxieties of teacher candidates towards inclusive education by different variables such as gender, the department they are studying in, inclusive education legislation knowledge, and having been interacted with an inclusive student before. The relational screening model one the descriptive survey model was used in this study. 600 teacher candidates studying in ten different departments participated in the study. Data were collected through “Scale for Emotions, Attitudes, and Anxieties Regarding Inclusive Education” developed by Chris Forling et al. (2011) and adapted to Turkish by Bayar et al. (2015). Data were analyzed through SPSS. Independent samples t-test was used to reveal the differentiation in terms of gender and having an interaction before variables. One-way analysis of variance was applied to reveal the differentiation in terms of the legislation knowledge and department variables. Tukey test was performed to find the reason for the differentiation. The results revealed that there is no significant difference between gender and attitudes, emotions, and anxieties of teacher candidates, but that there is a significant difference between the having an interaction with inclusive students before, inclusive education legislation knowledge, the department they are studying in variables and attitudes, emotions, and anxieties of teacher candidates. It is understood that activities towards inclusive education in teaching practice course must be increased and the undergraduate programs must include a course regarding inclusive education.  Article visualizations

THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PARENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN AND THEIR TYPICALLY DEVELOPING CHILDREN IN TURKEY

In Turkey, whereas there are a number of studies which examine the communication of parents with their typically developing children, there are limited studies which examine the communication of parents with special needs children with their typically developing children. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the communication of parents with special needs children with their typically developing children. 295 parents who have both mentally disabled and typically developing children participated in the study in the 2019-2020 academic year. The data in the study were obtained by using the Parent-Child Communication Scale (PCCS) developed by Kahraman (2016). The scale consisting of 27 items contains 5 sub-dimensions and explains .54,3 of the total variance. For the overall reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha was .865. The data were analyzed by using the statistical techniques included in the SPSS program to analyze the data collected through the scale. There are two main objectives in the study: to explore the communication of parents with special needs children with their typically developing children in terms of various variables, and relationship between perception of problem-solving and unobstructed listening, open to share, respect-acceptance and sensitivity, which are among to the subscales of PCCS. As a result of the research, it was revealed that there was a significant difference between the genders, ages, education status, disability status of their special needs children and their monthly income levels of parents with special needs children and their communication levels with their typically developing children. As the perception of problem-solving increased in the communication of parents with special needs children with their typically developing children. However, there was no correlation between the perception of problem-solving and unobstructed listening skills of parents with special needs children with their typically developing children.  Article visualizations

An Investigation of the Turkish Preservice Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Individualized Education Program Development Process

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the attitudes of preservice teachers who study at Turkish universities towards the development process of an individualized education program (IEP). The participants of the study were composed of 304 teachers who were all seniors at the faculties of education in the 2019-2020 academic year. The data were collected through the attitude determination scale (ADS) towards the IEP development process developed by Tike (2007). The scale contained 3 dimensions and 15 items. A Principal Component Analysis revealed a 3-factor structure of 15 items with a 61,39% of the total variance explained. In order to determine the internal consistency a reliability test was implemented and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient for the 3 factors was found as .67. The collected data were analyzed through a statistical analysis program. In order to determine a possible significant difference between the participants’ genders, previous interaction with inclusive students, taking inclusive education classes and their attitudes towards IEP development process, an independent variables t-test was implemented. To determine whether there exists a significant difference according to the participants’ knowledge of the regulations regarding inclusive education a one-way ANOVA was implemented. When a difference was revealed Tukey test was implemented to determine the differentiation and check the difference between the mean scores. At the end of the study, a statistically significant difference was found regarding the participants’ genders, taking inclusive education classes and knowledge of the regulations regarding inclusive education while no statistically significant difference was found according to their previous interaction with inclusive education. Keywords: Individualized education program (IEP), preservice teachers, attitude DOI: 10.7176/JEP/11-16-11 Publication date:June 30th 2020

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN CONTRIBUTE INTO ATTENUATION OF ACUTE GENTAMICIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

Objectives: Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific situation in which the excretion of toxic metabolites is reduced due to toxic agents and drugs. Gentamicin is an antibiotic belongs to aminoglycoside group which may induce nephrotoxicity due to induction of oxidative stress. Curcumin is a component of traditional medicine with significant nephroprotective effect. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of curcumin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used which divided into Group 1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus normal saline 5 ml/kg for 12 days, Group 2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days, and Group 3 (n=10): Rats treated with curcumin 100 mg/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), and cystatin-C were measured in both control and experimental groups. Results: Rats treated with gentamicin showed nephrotoxicity as evident by significant elevation in blood urea, serum creatinine, KIM-1, MDA, and cystatin-C sera levels. Curcumin leads to significant reduction of blood urea and serum creatinine compared to gentamicin group, p<0.05. Curcumin also reduced MDA, KIM-1, and cystatin-C sera levels significantly compared to gentamicin group, p<0.01. Conclusion: Curcumin produced significant nephroprotective effect on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers

Modulus of rapture (MOR) of porcelain by substitution of quartz with rice husk ash (RHA) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) at different temperatures

This paper investigates to effects RHA and POFA in porcelain body as substitute materials for quartz. In order to collect experimental data, the effects of ground RHA and POFA replacement rate from 0 wt% up to 25 wt% in porcelain body was studied. The RHA and POFA were grounded in a ball mill until the median particle size was reduced to about 50 μm. They were used to substitute quartz in porcelain body from 0 wt% to 25 wt%. The mixed powder was pressed into pellets at mould pressure of 91 MPa. All the pellets were sintered at a temperatures of 1000 ºC, 1100 ºC, 1200 ºC and 1300 ºC for the soaking times of 2 hours. It was found out among other things that the Modulus of Rapture (MOR) of the samples increases with increase in substitution and also with the increase in temperature. With a value of 35 MPa the MOR of the samples containing 20 wt% sintered at a soaking time of 2 hours were higher than the standard porcelain. This could be attributed to the formation of larger amount of SiO2 glass, in the presence of fluxing components such as MgO, CaO and Na2O), more abundant in samples containing RHA and POFA

Comparative Bioactivity of Bamboo Leaf Ash and Bularafa Diatomaceous Earth against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky)

Maize is one of the major staple foods in Sub-Saharan Africa and there is serious loss in maize storage due to insect damage. This study compared the bioactivity of Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA) and Bularafa Diatomaceous Earth (BDE) against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) under laboratory conditions. Insecto®, a commercialized DE was also tested as standard check. Adults of the insects were exposed on maize admixed with the BLA at dose rate of 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000ppm; BDE and insecto® at a dose rate of 1,000ppm, at 28.20C and 82.2% relative humidity. Mortality increased with increasing exposure duration and all treatments showed mortality of more than 80% after 14days post-treatment compared to negative control with 0%.The treatments suppressed F1 progeny. Treated grains have weight loss less than 4%, kennel damage less than 14% and grain germination showed no significant change. The decreasing efficacy of the dusts against this insect is Insecto®> BLA > BDE. BLA and BDE have potential for the management of insect pests of stored grain in Nigeria

Species Composition and Plasmodium falciparum Infection Rates of Anopheles gambiae s.l. Mosquitoes in Six Localities of Kwara State, North Central, Nigeria

Entomological data gathering is essential for monitoring malaria vector disease risks and selection of appropriate interventions for the protection of exposed human populations. This study assessed the relative abundance, species composition, and sporozoite infection rates of indoor resting An. gambiae s.l. malaria vectors in six communities across 3 Local Government Areas in Kwara State, Nigeria. Total number of mosquitoes collected by Pyrethrum Spray Catch method over a period of eighth months were correlated with rainfall values in the area. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection rates and sibling species identification of collected An. gambiae s.l. mosquito samples were determined by ELISA and PCR respectively. Results showed a positive correlation (r = 0.639, p = 0.08) between rainfall and numbers of Anopheles mosquitoes in the study areas. The overall composition of the An. gambiae s.l sibling species in the collected samples from all the six communities showed the predominance of An. gambiae s.s 298 (75.3%) compared to An. coluzzii 94(23.7%) and An. arabiensis 4(1.0%). However, the sporozoite infection rate of An. coluzzii (22.3%) was higher compared to An. gambiae s.s (12.8%) and An. arabiensis (0%). Mean numbers of An. gambiae s.l mosquitoes were significantly higher in Ilorin west LGA compared to Asa (F = 17.81, P < 0.001) and Ilorin East LGAs (F = 22.81, P < 0.001). Sporozoite rates of both An. gambiae s.s and An. coluzzii sibling species were higher in Ilorin West communities (Aiyede 21%, Ogundele 32%) compared to Asa (Idi Emi 11.1%, Lasoju 5.1%) and Ilorin East (Oke Oyi 2.4%, Ote-efan 0%) communities. Prevalence of sporozoite-infected An. gambiae s.s and An. coluzzii indoors highlight the need for effective insecticide treated bed-nets interventions to protect the residents from malaria risks. Higher numbers of An. coluzzii in the swampy rice marshed Ilorin West LGA communities require larval source management as an additional strategy for effective malaria vector control

Time to focus on outcome assessment tools for childhood vasculitis

Childhood systemic vasculitides are a group of rare diseases with multi-organ involvement and potentially devastating consequences. After establishment of new classification criteria (Ankara consensus conference in 2008), it is now time to establish measures for proper definition of activity and damage in childhood primary vasculitis. By comparison to adult vasculitis, there is no consensus for indices of activity and damage assessment in childhood vasculitis. Assessment of disease activity is likely to become a major area of interest in pediatric rheumatology in the near future. After defining the classification criteria for primary systemic childhood vasculitis, the next step was to perform a validation study using the original Birmingham vasculitis activity score as well as the disease extent index to measure disease activity in childhood vasculitis. Presently, there are efforts in place to develop a pediatric vasculitis activity score. This paper reviews the current understanding about the assessment tools (i.e., clinical features, laboratory tests, radiologic assessments, etc.) widely used for evaluation of the disease activity and damage status of the children with vasculitis

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049