2D Reluctance Model of an Eddy Current Brake with a Magneto Isotropic Material Structure

This work shows the model of an eddy current brake with an magneto isotropic material structure. For the modelling of the magneto isotropic material structure made of steel posts, a reluctance network is recommended, since a full FEM model would require too much computation time for optimization purposes. However, in order to map details like the skin effect in the pins, in the reluctance model some details are modelled with the help of fem and thus the required reluctances are determined. The torque calculations of the model is possible with a deviation of less than 10 % compared to an experiment

Non-destructive low-temperature contacts to MoS2\textrm{MoS}_2 nanoribbon and nanotube quantum dots

Molybdenum disulfide nanoribbons and nanotubes are near-one dimensional semiconductors with strong spin-orbit interaction, a nanomaterial highly promising for quantum electronic applications. Here, we demonstrate that a bismuth semimetal layer between the contact metal and this nanomaterial strongly improves the properties of the contacts. Two-point resistances on the order of $100\textrm{k}\Omega$ are observed at room temperature. At cryogenic temperature, Coulomb blockade is visible. The resulting stability diagrams indicate a marked absence of trap states at the contacts and the corresponding disorder, compared to previous devices using low-work function metals as contacts. Single level quantum transport is observed at temperatures below 100mK.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Beiträge zu Rohstoffen in Sachsen

Das neue Geoprofil 17/2023 zu Rohstoffen in Sachsen enthält einen Beitrag zur Zinnmineralisation im Westerzgebirge sowie einen über den Delitzscher Karbonatit-Komplex. Der Sn-Vererzungstyp bei Bockau und Aue-Bad Schlema ist völlig verschieden von dem der Greisen-, Trümerzonen-, Gang- und Skarntypen und ist auch nicht vergleichbar mit der Zinnvererzung der Felsitzone bei Freiberg. Die neuen Untersuchungen erbrachten erstmalig den Nachweis einer im Erzgebirge verbreiteten low-grade mineralization vom Typ einer frühvariszischen polystadialen, vorwiegend monomineralischen und metamorph geprägten Erzbildung. Insbesondere durch Bohrarbeiten der SDAG Wismut ist die Verbreitung der ultramafischen Lamprophyre (UML) und Karbonatite mit oberkretazischem Alter im Gebiet von Delitzsch gut bekannt. Auf die Geologie des Komplexes wird detailliert eingegangen. Redaktionsschluss: 11.10.202

Konzepte der Elektromobilität. Ihre Bedeutung für Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Umwelt

Gesellschaft und Politik knüpfen große Hoffnung an die Elektromobilität. Allerdings wird sehr kontrovers diskutiert, ob und wie eine umfassende und nachhaltige Verbreitung von Elektrofahrzeugen erreichbar ist. Für die Fortsetzung dieser Debatte ist es wichtig, die Ergebnisse aus der Vielzahl von Förderprogrammen und Studien, die in den letzten Jahren mit unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen und Perspektiven angestoßen wurden, in einem umfassenden Überblick zusammenzuführen – dieser Aufgabe unterziehen sich die Autor/inn/en dieses Bandes. Sie präsentieren hier eine mit zahlreichen Fakten und Daten untermauerte Gesamtschau über den technischen Entwicklungsstand, aussichtsreiche Erstmärkte, Markthochlaufszenarien sowie politische Aktivitäten und veranschaulichen im Rahmen einer ganzheitlichen Bewertung die ökologische, ökonomische und soziale Dimension der Integration von Elektrofahrzeugen in die heutigen Verkehrs- und Energiesysteme. Auf dieser Basis diskutieren sie Handlungsoptionen und liefern die Grundlage für politische Entscheidungen über Ziele und Maßnahmen. Als Baustein einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung hat die Elektromobilität großes Potenzial, dessen Entfaltung freilich Zeit und geeignete Rahmenbedingungen erfordert. Das Buch basiert auf dem TAB-Arbeitsbericht Nr. 153 »Konzepte der Elektromobilität und deren Bedeutung für Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Umwelt

Safety and efficacy of mTOR inhibitor treatment in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex under 2 years of age – a multicenter retrospective study

Background: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem disease with prominent neurologic manifestations such as epilepsy, cognitive impairment and autism spectrum disorder. mTOR inhibitors have successfully been used to treat TSC-related manifestations in older children and adults. However, data on their safety and efficacy in infants and young children are scarce. The objective of this study is to assess the utility and safety of mTOR inhibitor treatment in TSC patients under the age of 2 years. Results: A total of 17 children (median age at study inclusion 2.4 years, range 0–6; 12 males, 5 females) with TSC who received early mTOR inhibitor therapy were studied. mTOR inhibitor treatment was started at a median age of 5 months (range 0–19 months). Reasons for initiation of treatment were cardiac rhabdomyomas (6 cases), subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA, 5 cases), combination of cardiac rhabdomyomas and SEGA (1 case), refractory epilepsy (4 cases) and disabling congenital focal lymphedema (1 case). In all cases everolimus was used. Everolimus therapy was overall well tolerated. Adverse events were classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events (CTCAE, Version 5.0). Grade 1–2 adverse events occurred in 12 patients and included mild transient stomatitis (2 cases), worsening of infantile acne (1 case), increases of serum cholesterol and triglycerides (4 cases), changes in serum phosphate levels (2 cases), increase of cholinesterase (2 cases), transient neutropenia (2 cases), transient anemia (1 case), transient lymphopenia (1 case) and recurrent infections (7 cases). No grade 3–4 adverse events were reported. Treatment is currently continued in 13/17 patients. Benefits were reported in 14/17 patients and included decrease of cardiac rhabdomyoma size and improvement of arrhythmia, decrease of SEGA size, reduction of seizure frequency and regression of congenital focal lymphedema. Despite everolimus therapy, two patients treated for intractable epilepsy are still experiencing seizures and another one treated for SEGA showed no volume reduction. Conclusion: This retrospective multicenter study demonstrates that mTOR inhibitor treatment with everolimus is safe in TSC patients under the age of 2 years and shows beneficial effects on cardiac manifestations, SEGA size and early epilepsy

Use of procalcitonin for the diagnosis of pneumonia in patients presenting with a chief complaint of dyspnoea: results from the BACH (Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure) trial

Biomarkers have proven their ability in the evaluation of cardiopulmonary diseases.We investigated the utility of concentrations of the biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) alone and with clinical variables for the diagnosis of pneumonia in patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with a chief complaint of shortness of breath. The BACH trial was a prospective, international, study of 1641 patients presenting to EDs with dyspnoea. Blood samples were analysed for PCT and other biomarkers. Relevant clinical data were also captured. Patient outcomes were assessed at 90 days. The diagnosis of pneumonia was made using strictly validated guidelines. A model using PCT was more accurate [area under the curve (AUC) 72.3%] than any other individual clinical variable for the diagnosis of pneumonia in all patients, in those with obstructive lung disease, and in those with acute heart failure (AHF). Combining physician estimates of the probability of pneumonia with PCT values increased the accuracy to .86% for the diagnosis of pneumonia in all patients. Patients with a diagnosis of AHF and an elevated PCT concentration (.0.21 ng/mL) had a worse outcome if not treated with antibiotics (P ¼ 0.046), while patients with low PCT values (,0.05 ng/mL) had a better outcome if they did not receive antibiotic therapy (P ¼ 0.049). Procalcitonin may aid in the diagnosis of pneumonia, particularly in cases with high diagnostic uncertainty. Importantly, PCT may aid in the decision to administer antibiotic therapy to patients presenting with AHF in which clinical uncertainty exists regarding a superimposed bacterial infection

Effectiveness of neonatal pulse oximetry screening for detection of critical congenital heart disease in daily clinical routine—results from a prospective multicenter study

Pulse oximetry screening (POS) has been proposed as an effective, noninvasive, inexpensive tool allowing earlier diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (cCHD). Our aim was to test the hypothesis that POS can reduce the diagnostic gap in cCHD in daily clinical routine in the setting of tertiary, secondary and primary care centres. We conducted a prospective multicenter trial in Saxony, Germany. POS was performed in healthy term and post-term newborns at the age of 24–72 h. If an oxygen saturation (SpO2) of ≤95% was measured on lower extremities and confirmed after 1 h, complete clinical examination and echocardiography were performed. POS was defined as false-negative when a diagnosis of cCHD was made after POS in the participating hospitals/at our centre. From July 2006–June 2008, 42,240 newborns from 34 institutions have been included. Seventy-two children were excluded due to prenatal diagnosis (n = 54) or clinical signs of cCHD (n = 18) before POS. Seven hundred ninety-five newborns did not receive POS, mainly due to early discharge after birth (n = 727; 91%). In 41,445 newborns, POS was performed. POS was true positive in 14, false positive in 40, true negative in 41,384 and false negative in four children (three had been excluded for violation of study protocol). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were 77.78%, 99.90%, 25.93% and 99.99%, respectively. With POS as an adjunct to prenatal diagnosis, physical examination and clinical observation, the percentage of newborns with late diagnosis of cCHD was 4.4%. POS can substantially reduce the postnatal diagnostic gap in cCHD, and false-positive results leading to unnecessary examinations of healthy newborns are rare. POS should be implemented in routine postnatal care