Caracterização morfológica do fruto, semente e morfofunção de plântulas de sapoteira-preta (Diospyros ebenaster Retz.)

Diospyros ebenaster, native to México and Central America, Ebenaceae family, is populary known as black-sapote. The fruits can be consumed freshly or as juice, as source of vitamin C. The objective of this work was to characterize the morphology of fruit, of seed and germinative process of this species. Fruits were characterized for color, texture, consistency and water content in the pericarp, dehiscence, weight, dimensions and constituent parts. For seeds it was considered: weight, color, texture and consistency of the coat, shape, presence and type of tissue and type of booking, color, shape and position of the embryo. The description of the seedlings was carried out from the primary root emission to the expansion of the first leaf and early demise of the cotyledons. The fruit is pulpous, undeiscent, bacoid type, polyspermic, round and flattened in the poles. The epicarp is plain, fine and greenish. The mean length of the fruits is 8.8 cm, the mean diameter 8.6 cm and the mass of 263 g. The seeds presents flat tegument and medium-brown color. The mass of 100 seeds is 100.6 g. The mean length of the seeds is 2.2 cm, with 1.3 cm of width. They have a white-transparent and oleaginous endosperm. The embryo is whitish and the germination is epigeal.Diospyros ebenaster, originária do México e América Central, família Ebenaceae, é conhecida como sapota-preta. Os frutos podem ser consumidos in natura ou em sucos, como fonte de vitamina C. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a morfologia do fruto, da semente e do processo germinativo da espécie. Os frutos foram caracterizados quanto à coloração, textura, consistência e teor de água no pericarpo, deiscência, massa, partes constituintes e dimensões. Para as sementes considerou-se: massa, coloração, textura e consistência do tegumento, forma, presença e tipo de tecido de reserva e tipo, coloração, forma e posição do embrião. A descrição das plântulas foi realizada a partir da emissão da raiz primária até a expansão dos primeiros eófilos e início de fenecimento dos cotilédones. O fruto é carnoso, indeiscente, do tipo baga, polispérmico, globoso e achatado nos pólos. O epicarpo é liso, delgado e esverdeado. O comprimento médio dos frutos é 8,8 cm, o diâmetro médio 8,6 cm e a massa de 263 g. As sementes apresentam tegumento liso e cor castanho-médio. A massa de 100 sementes é 100,6 g. O comprimento médio das sementes é 2,2 cm, com 1,3 cm de largura. Possuem endosperma branco-transparente e oleaginoso. O embrião é esbranquiçado e a germinação é epígea

Seed anatomy and water uptake and their relation to seed dormancy of Ormosia paraensis Ducke

Abstract: Ormosia paraensis Ducke has ornamental seeds widely used in the manufacture of bio-jewels and wood used in the furniture industry. For seedling production, the information on its seed physiology is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess methods for breaking dormancy and relate them to integument structure and water uptake by O. paraensis seeds. Seed dormancy-breaking was performed by mechanical scarification and soaking in sulfuric acid for 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes. Dormancy‐broken seeds were compared with intact seeds. Seed integument is formed by a cuticle (hydrophobic substances), epidermis (macroesclereids of the palisade layer,), hypodermis (osteosclereids), and parenchyma cells. Intact seeds did not absorb water after 72 hours of soaking. The highest percentages and rates of seed germination were observed in treatments with mechanical scarification and soaking in sulfuric acid for 60 or 120 minutes. Seed soaking in sulfuric acid (H2SO4 p.a. 98.08%) for 60 or 120 minutes or mechanical scarification are adequate to overcome physical dormancy associated with O. paraensis seed integument impermeability to water or gases

Isis dolente

International audienceUne belle statue inédite d’Isis d’époque impériale, conservée au Musée Rodin, observe une pose peu courante dans l’iconographie isiaque: la déesse est assise, pensive, le menton ou la tête sur une main, attitude qui fait songer notamment à celle de Déméter pleurant Perséphone. L’auteur rassemble d’autres documents où la déesse observe la même posture, comme sur une sculpture retrouvée à Fiesole, et dont l’inscription qualifie la déesse d’Isis Taposiris. Cette image doit donc être celle prêtée à Isis dans cette ville égyptienne sensée abriter le tombeau d’Osiris, d’où l’attitude dolente de l’épouse d’Osiris, pose empruntée à Déméter, à laquelle elle était déjà assimilée chez Hérodote. On notera que sur les 13 documents figurés rassemblés, 7 proviennent du seul site de Pétra. Deux papyrus d’Oxyrhynchos et 5 inscriptions attestent du culte de cette Isis Taposiris. Parmi ces dernières, deux mentionnent une prêtresse d’Isis Taposiris en territoire grec, l’une à Chéronée et l’autre à Athènes

Influência da posição e da profundidade de semeadura na emergência de plântulas de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart. - Arecaceae) Influence of the position and the depth of sowing in the emergency of açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart. - Arecaceae) seedlings

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a posição e a profundidade de semeadura mais adequadas para a emergência de plântulas de açaizeiro. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar nas profundidades de 0; 3 e 6 cm e nas seguintes posições: sementes com a rafe perpendicular à superfície do substrato e poro germinativo para cima, rafe perpendicular e poro germinativo para baixo, rafe paralela à superfície e poro germinativo para baixo e rafe paralela à superfície e poro germinativo para cima. A emergência de plântulas de açaizeiro com a rafe perpendicular à superfície do substrato e poro germinativo para cima é a mais adequada, pois proporciona igual porcentagem e menor tempo médio de emergência. Profundidades iguais ou superiores a 3 cm são inadequadas para semeadura de Euterpe oleracea Mart.<br>The present work had the objective to determine the most suitable depth and position of sowing for the emergency of açaizeiro seedlings. The seeds were placed to germinate at the depths of 0; 3 and 6 cm and in the following positions: with the raphe perpendicular to the surface of the substratum and germinative aperture up, the raphe perpendicular and germinative aperture down, the raphe parallel to the low surface and germinative aperture down, and raphe parallel to the surface and germinative aperture up. The emergency of açaizeiro seedlings with rafe perpendicular to the surface of the substratum and germinative aperture up is the most suitable, as it provides an equal percentage and minor average time of emergency. Depths equal or superior to 3 cm are inadequate for sowing of Euterpe oleracea Mart

Armazenamento de sementes de carolina em diferentes temperaturas e embalagens Storage of carolina seeds in different temperature and packing

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a embalagem e a temperatura adequadas para o armazenamento de sementes de carolina. As sementes foram armazenadas em sacos de papel e de plástico, mantidas em 0±2; 10±2; 20±2°C e 60 5% de umidade relativa do ar (UR) e em temperatura ambiente (23,4±3,3°C) e 68,7±9%UR. O teor de água, a germinação e o vigor foram determinados trimestralmente. Durante o armazenamento, o teor de água das sementes foi de aproximadamente 8,9%. A embalagem saco de plástico e a temperatura de 0°C são adequadas para o armazenamento das sementes de carolina.<br>The objective of the present research was to determine the more adequated packing and temperature for storage of "carolina" seeds. The seeds were stored in paper and plastic packings and kept in 0±2; 10±2; 20±2°C and 60 5% air relative humidity (ARH) and in ambient temperature (23,4±3,3°C) and 68,7±9% ARH. Quarterly, the water seed content, germinative test and seed vigour were avaluated. During storage, the seed water content was approximately 8.9%. The plastic packing (plastic bag) and tempertature of 0oC are adequated for storage of "carolina" seeds