Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti from Brazil and the Swiss-Italian border region

Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are two highly invasive mosquito species, both vectors of several viruses, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. While Ae. aegypti is the primary vector in the tropics and sub-tropics, Ae. albopictus is increasingly under the public health watch as it has been implicated in arbovirus-transmission in more temperate regions, including continental Europe. Vector control using insecticides is the pillar of most control programmes; hence development of insecticide resistance is of great concern. As part of a Brazilian-Swiss Joint Research Programme we set out to assess whether there are any signs of existing or incipient insecticide resistance primarily against the larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis (Bti), but also against currently applied and potentially alternative insecticides in our areas, Recife (Brazil) and the Swiss-Italian border region.; Following World Health Organization guidelines, dose-response curves for a range of insecticides were established for both colonized and field caught Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The larvicides included Bti, two of its toxins, Cry11Aa and Cry4Ba, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Vectomax CG®, a formulated combination of Bti and L. sphaericus, and diflubenzuron. In addition to the larvicides, the Swiss-Italian Ae. albopictus populations were also tested against five adulticides (bendiocarb, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, malathion, permethrin and λ-cyhalothrin).; Showing a similar dose-response, all mosquito populations were fully susceptible to the larvicides tested and, in particular, to Bti which is currently used both in Brazil and Switzerland. In addition, there were no signs of incipient resistance against Bti as larvae were equally susceptible to the individual toxins, Cry11Aa and Cry4Ba. The field-caught Swiss-Italian populations were susceptible to the adulticides tested but DDT mortality rates showed signs of reduced susceptibility.; The insecticides currently used for mosquito control in Switzerland and Brazil are still effective against the target populations. The present study provides an important reference as relatively few insecticide susceptibility surveys have been carried out with Ae. albopictus

From modernity to postmodernity: reflexions about genetic interventions and eugenic practise according to brazilian law

Submitted by Michele Fernanda ([email protected]) on 2012-08-22T02:22:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Da modernidade à pós-modernidade- reflexões sobre intervenções genéticas e práticas eugênicas à luz do direito brasileiro.pdf: 86447 bytes, checksum: 6ceb2ee7f18ff400b11d305a74d2b4dc (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by gabriela rosa([email protected]) on 2012-08-29T22:22:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Da modernidade à pós-modernidade- reflexões sobre intervenções genéticas e práticas eugênicas à luz do direito brasileiro.pdf: 86447 bytes, checksum: 6ceb2ee7f18ff400b11d305a74d2b4dc (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-29T22:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Da modernidade à pós-modernidade- reflexões sobre intervenções genéticas e práticas eugênicas à luz do direito brasileiro.pdf: 86447 bytes, checksum: 6ceb2ee7f18ff400b11d305a74d2b4dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Há dificuldades em considerar que a humanidade vive na era moderna ou pós-moderna, pois os traços característicos da modernidade, bem como da pós-modernidade, sobrepõem-se em nossa sociedade. As transformações na forma de viver levaram a que o comportamento humano sofresse profundas alterações, impulsionadas pelo desenvolvimento industrial e pela evolução da tecnologia, que passaram a incentivar o consumo. As relações de consumo acentuaram-se a partir da Revolução Industrial e do sistema econômico capitalista vigente. O desvendamento da sequência do DNA trouxe grandes perspectivas para a espécie humana, pois possibilitou a correção de genes defeituosos antes mesmo do nascimento de uma criança. Além disso, a possibilidade de manipulação dos genes humanos conduz a população a um novo tipo de prática, qual seja, a programação dos próprios filhos. Ocorre que essa situação traz preocupações éticas e jurídicas na medida em que poderá haver escolha por parte dos pais de diversas características que se refiram à personalidade, habilidades artísticas e atléticas, entre outras. Diante disso, surge a necessidade da criação de instrumentos jurídicos que regulem tais situações com o objetivo de garantir o respeito à dignidade humana inerente ao ser humano em potencial, coibindo práticas meramente eugênicas, desprovidas de objetivos terapêuticos.There have been difficulties trying to classify humanity in living in the modern time or post-modern time, because the traits related to the modernity, as well as the ones related to the post-modernity are overlapped in our society. The transformation in the way people use to live made the human behavior suffer deep changes boosted by industrial development and technological evolution that started to encourage consumption. The consumption relationships became stronger with the Industrial Revolution and with the current capitalist economical system. The DNA sequencing brought great perspective to human beings, because it made possible for defective genes to be corrected even before a childbirth. Besides that,the possibility of manipulating genes leads the population to a new practice, like the programming of their own children. What occurs is that this situation brings ethical and juridic worries considering that parents could choose lots of traits related to personality, artistic and athletic abilities among others. Therefore, there is the need to createe juridical instruments that command those situations having as main goal the respect for the human dignity inherent to the humanbeingng, restraining merely eugenipracticeses , destituted otherapeutical objectives

Da modernidade à pós-modernidade: reflexões sobre intervenções genéticas e práticas eugênicas à luz do direito brasileiro

Há dificuldades em considerar que a humanidade vive na era moderna ou pós-moderna, pois os traços característicos da modernidade, bem como da pós-modernidade, sobrepõem-se em nossa sociedade. As transformações na forma de viver levaram a que o comportamento humano sofresse profundas alterações, impulsionadas pelo desenvolvimento industrial e pela evolução da tecnologia, que passaram a incentivar o consumo. As relações de consumo acentuaram-se a partir da Revolução Industrial e do sistema econômico capitalista vigente. O desvendamento da sequência do DNA trouxe grandes perspectivas para a espécie humana, pois possibilitou a correção de genes defeituosos antes mesmo do nascimento de uma criança. Além disso, a possibilidade de manipulação dos genes humanos conduz a população a um novo tipo de prática, qual seja, a programação dos próprios filhos. Ocorre que essa situação traz preocupações éticas e jurídicas na medida em que poderá haver escolha por parte dos pais de diversas características que se refiram à personalidade, habilidades artísticas e atléticas, entre outras. Diante disso, surge a necessidade da criação de instrumentos jurídicos que regulem tais situações com o objetivo de garantir o respeito à dignidade humana inerente ao ser humano em potencial, coibindo práticas meramente eugênicas, desprovidas de objetivos terapêuticos.There have been difficulties trying to classify humanity in living in the modern time or post-modern time, because the traits related to the modernity, as well as the ones related to the post-modernity are overlapped in our society. The transformation in the way people use to live made the human behavior suffer deep changes boosted by industrial development and technological evolution that started to encourage consumption. The consumption relationships became stronger with the Industrial Revolution and with the current capitalist economical system. The DNA sequencing brought great perspective to human beings, because it made possible for defective genes to be corrected even before a childbirth. Besides that,the possibility of manipulating genes leads the population to a new practice, like the programming of their own children. What occurs is that this situation brings ethical and juridic worries considering that parents could choose lots of traits related to personality, artistic and athletic abilities among others. Therefore, there is the need to createe juridical instruments that command those situations having as main goal the respect for the human dignity inherent to the humanbeingng, restraining merely eugenipracticeses , destituted otherapeutical objectives

AMIGOS DO BAIRRO CONTRA DENGUE: A EXPERIÊNCIA DO DISTRITO SANITÁRIO III DA SECRETARIA DE SAÚDE DO RECIFE NA IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM PROJETO DE PARTICIPAÇÃO POPULAR EM SAÚDE

O artigo objetiva relatar a experiência do Projeto Amigos do Bairro contra Dengue, que consistiu na busca pelo envolvimento da população nas atividades de controle do Aedes aegypti. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, desenvolvido a partir de resgate histórico e documental. Participaram 363 moradores, capacitados para desenvolver ações tipo mutirões e gincanas. Em Encontro, os moradores expuseram o processo de mobilização sustentável, que pode se caracterizar como nova forma de participação popular no controle de endemias. Concluiu-se que pouco se tem avançado com relação à participação da comunidade no controle de endemias e que este projeto inovou pela estratégia de envolvimento da população

Long-term exposure of Aedes aegypti to Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis did not involve altered susceptibility to this microbial larvicide or to other control agents

Abstract Background Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis (Bti) is an effective and safe biolarvicide to control Aedes aegypti. Its mode of action based on four protoxins disfavors resistance; however, control in endemic areas that display high mosquito infestation throughout the year requires continuous larvicide applications, which imposes a strong selection pressure. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of an intensive Bti exposure on an Ae. aegypti strain (RecBti), regarding its susceptibility to Bti and two of its protoxins tested individually, to other control agents temephos and diflubenzuron, and its profile of detoxifying enzymes. Methods The RecBti strain was established using a large egg sample (10,000) from Recife city (Brazil) and more than 290,000 larvae were subjected to Bti throughout 30 generations. Larvae susceptibility to larvicides and the activity of detoxifying enzymes were determined by bioassays and catalytic assays, respectively. The Rockefeller strain was the reference used for these evaluations. Results Bti exposure yielded an average of 74% mortality at each generation. Larvae assessed in seven time points throughout the 30 generations were susceptible to Bti crystal (resistance ratio RR ≤ 2.8) and to its individual toxins Cry11Aa and Cry4Ba (RR ≤ 4.1). Early signs of altered susceptibility to Cry11Aa were detected in the last evaluations, suggesting that this toxin was a marker of the selection pressure imposed. RecBti larvae were also susceptible (RR ≤ 1.6) to the other control agents, temephos and diflubenzuron. The activity of the detoxifying enzymes α- and β-esterases, glutathione-S-transferases and mixed-function oxidases was classified as unaltered in larvae from two generations (F19 and F25), except for a β-esterases increase in F25. Conclusions Prolonged exposure of Ae. aegypti larvae to Bti did not evolve into resistance to the crystal, and no cross-resistance with temephos and diflubenzuron were recorded, which supports their sustainable use with Bti for integrated control practices. The unaltered activity of most detoxifying enzymes suggests that they might not play a major role in the metabolism of Bti toxins, therefore resistance by this mechanism is unlikely to occur. This study also highlights the need to establish suitable criteria to classify the status of larval susceptibility/resistance

Response to: 'Lack of evidence for Zika virus transmission by Culex mosquitoes'.

Emerging Microbes & Infections (2017) 6, e91; doi:10.1038/emi.2017.86; published online 18 October 2017

Additional file 1: of Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti from Brazil and the Swiss-Italian border region

Original data that were the basis for the statistical analysis. Table S1. Mortalities recorded in the bioassays with diflubenzuron. Table S2. Mortalities recorded in the bioassays with Bti, and individual Bti toxins. Table S3. Mortalities recorded in the bioassays with adulticides. (XLSX 122 kb

Infância, higiene e saúde na propaganda (usos e abusos nos anos 30 a 50 )

Este artigo discute imagens da infância construídas na propaganda brasileira, destacando os temas de higiene e saúde, presentes nos mais diferentes produtos: eletrodomésticos, móveis, remédios, alimentos, iluminação, etc. As imagens de infância veiculadas estavam associadas à família, apresentando a criança como dependente do adulto. Além do consumo, a propaganda é debatida em seus vínculos com experiência cultural e espaço público.<br>This article discusses childhood images built into Brazilian propaganda. It emphasizes subjects as hygiene and health and analyses their presence in advertisements of food, household equipaments, enlightenment, furniture, medicaments, etc. Childhood images transmited through these advertisements linked to family. Children appeared as dependent on adults. Propaganda is debated in this article from some points of view as consumption, cultural experience and public space

Zika virus detection, isolation and genome sequencing through Culicidae sampling during the epidemic in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil

Abstract Background Zika virus (ZIKV) has been isolated from many mosquito species in nature, but it is believed that the main vectors in urban environments are species of the genus Aedes. Here, we detected and isolated ZIKV in samples from Aedes aegypti, Aedes taeniorhynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus, collected during the Zika epidemic in Vitória, southeast Brazil. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, ZIKV detection was performed in mosquito samples collected from February to April 2016. Results Overall, six pools of mosquitoes were positive for ZIKV: four of Cx. quinquefasciatus, one of Ae. aegypti and one of Ae. taeniorhynchus. Their genomes were sequenced. Conclusions These results support and strengthen the hypothesis that other mosquito species can also be involved in ZIKV transmission