First report of Atherigona reversura Villeneuve, 1936 (Diptera, Muscidae) in Uruguay

We present the first record of Atherigona reversura Villeneuve, 1936 in Uruguay, from Pando, Canelones department a rural area used for livestock. Atherigona reversura, this muscid, commonly known as shoot-fly, is a significant pest of cereal crops throughout the Old World tropics and subtropics and its main host is Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon L.Pers., an exotic species which is widely distributed in South America and in Uruguay and has economic value as forage for livestock and is damaged by the feeding of A. reversura larvae.Fil: Remedios De León, Mónica. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Patitucci, Luciano Damián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Morelli, Enrique. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; Urugua

Fannia fusconotata and Fannia sanihue (Diptera: Fanniidae): First records in Uruguay and distribution extension

Fannia fusconotata (Rondani, 1868) and Fannia sanihue Domínguez & Aballay, 2008 are recorded for the first time in Uruguay, extending the Neotropical distribution of these taxa eastward in South America. The specimens were collected using modified Malaise traps located above pig carcasses in Pando, Canelones, Uruguay, from February to April 2011. This contribution is a part of the first study to be undertaken into forensic entomology in Uruguay.Fil: Remedios De León, Mónica. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Aballay, Fernando Hernán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Dominguez, Martha Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: González Vainer, Patricia. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; Urugua

International response under the Antarctic treaty system to the establishment of a non-native fly in Antarctica

Antarctica currently has few non-native species, compared to other regions of the planet, due to the continent’s isolation, extreme climatic conditions and the lack of habitat. However, human activity, particularly the activities of national government operators and tourism, increasingly contributes to the risk of non-native species transfer and establishment. Trichocera (Saltitrichocera) maculipennis Meigen, 1888 (Diptera, Trichoceridae) is a non-native fly originating from the Northern Hemisphere that was unintentionally introduced to King George Island in the maritime Antarctic South Shetland Islands around 15 years ago, since when it has been reported within or in the vicinity of several research stations. It is not explicitly confirmed that T. maculipennis has established in the natural environment, but life-history characteristics make this likely, thereby making potential eradication or control a challenge. Antarctic Treaty Parties active in the region are developing a coordinated and expanding international response to monitor and control T. maculipennis within and around stations in the affected area. However, there remains no overarching non-native invasive species management plan for the island or the wider maritime Antarctic region (which shares similar environmental conditions and habitats to those of King George Island). Here we present some options towards the development of such a plan. We recommend the development of (1) clear mechanisms for the timely coordination of response activities by multiple Parties operating in the vicinity of the introduction location and (2) policy guidance on acceptable levels of environmental impacts resulting from eradication attempts in the natural environment, including the use of pesticides

Characterization and Di erentiation of Spanish Vinegars from Jerez and Condado de Huelva Protected Designations of Origin

Thirty one Jerez vinegar samples and 33 Huelva vinegar samples were analyzed for polyphenolic and volatile compound content in order to characterize them and attempt to di erentiate them. Sixteen polyphenolic compounds were quantified by means of ultraperformance liquid chromatography method with diode array detection (UPLC–DAD), and 37 volatile compounds were studied by means of stir bar sorptive extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SBSE–GC–MS). Spectrophotometric CIELab parameters were also measured for all the samples. The results obtained from the statistical multivariate treatment of the data evidenced a clear di erence between vinegars from the two geographical indications with regard to their polyphenolic content, with Jerez vinegars exhibiting a greater phenolic content. Di erentiation by the volatile compound content was, however, not so evident. Nevertheless, a considerable di erentiation between the two groups of vinegars based on their volatile fraction was achieved. This may bring to light the grape varieties and geographical factors that have a clear influence on such di erences

International response under the Antarctic Treaty System to the establishment of a non-native fly in Antarctica

Antarctica currently has few non-native species, compared to other regions of the planet, due to the continent’s isolation, extreme climatic conditions and the lack of habitat. However, human activity, particularly the activities of national government operators and tourism, increasingly contributes to the risk of non-native species transfer and establishment. Trichocera (Saltitrichocera) maculipennis Meigen, 1888 (Diptera, Trichoceridae) is a non-native fly originating from the Northern Hemisphere that was unintentionally introduced to King George Island in the maritime Antarctic South Shetland Islands around 15 years ago, since when it has been reported within or in the vicinity of several research stations. It is not explicitly confirmed that T. maculipennis has established in the natural environment, but life-history characteristics make this likely, thereby making potential eradication or control a challenge. Antarctic Treaty Parties active in the region are developing a coordinated and expanding international response to monitor and control T. maculipennis within and around stations in the affected area. However, there remains no overarching non-native invasive species management plan for the island or the wider maritime Antarctic region (which shares similar environmental conditions and habitats to those of King George Island). Here we present some options towards the development of such a plan. We recommend the development of (1) clear mechanisms for the timely coordination of response activities by multiple Parties operating in the vicinity of the introduction location and (2) policy guidance on acceptable levels of environmental impacts resulting from eradication attempts in the natural environment, including the use of pesticides

Inventory of Calliphoridae (Diptera) in cadavers white pig Sus scrofa linnaeus, 1758 (Artiodactyla: Suidae), in an environment of forest in Uruguay

Durante la sucesión cadavérica se producen procesos de colonización del cadáver por distintos artrópodos, utilizando al mismo como fuente de alimento o de refugio. El primer orden en llegar al cuerpo es Diptera, principalmente Calliphoridae. Estos insectos son atraídos por las sustancias olorosas que desprende el cuerpo en estado de descomposición (Putrescina y Cadaverina). El uso de la entomofauna cadavérica en estudios forenses requiere del conocimiento de las especies presentes en las distintas etapas del proceso de descomposición y de sus ciclos de vida. En Uruguay, los estudios sobre sucesión de entomofauna cadavérica han sido muy escasos y dispersos, no existiendo datos publicados de los mismos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar un inventario de las especies de dípteros califóridos colectados durante el proceso de descomposición cadavérica en Sus scrofa L. en un ambiente de bosque en Uruguay para las estaciones de verano e invierno. Como modelo se utilizaron dos ejemplares de cerdo blanco de 16 Kg, colocados en una trampa Malaise cada uno. El muestreo se completó con red entomológica y colecta manual directa. En el presente trabajo se identificaron 10 especies de califóridos de interés forense para un área semirural. Chrysomya albiceps fue la especie más abundante (97 %) durante el verano estando presente desde el estado fresco al estado descomposición activo. Calliphora vicina fue la especie dominante (98 %) durante el invierno, estando presente durante el inicio de la descomposición hasta el estado avanzado.During the processes cadaverous succession the colonization of the body are caused by various arthropods, using the same as a source of food or shelter. The first order in reach the body is mainly Diptera is Calliphoridae. These insects are attracted by the odorous substances given off by the decomposing body (putrescine and cadaverine). The use of cadaverous entomofauna in forensics requires knowledge of the species present in the various stages of decomposition and their life cycles. In Uruguay, studies on succession of cadaverous entomofauna have been very few and far between, there are no published data from them. This work aims to present an inventory of Calliphoridae Diptera species collected during the process of cadaverous decomposition Sus scrofa L., in a forest environment in Uruguay for summer and winter seasons. As a model it was used two white pig of 16 kg, placed in a Malaise trap each. Sampling is complete with entomological netting and direct manual collection. Were collected 10 species of blowflies in a semi-rural area. Chrysomya albiceps was the most abundant species (97%) during the summer being present from the fresh state to the state of active decomposition. Calliphora vicina was the dominant species (98%) during the winter, being present from the beginning of the decomposition to the advanced stage

Cadaveric arthropod fauna on experimental porcine models Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Artiodactyla) in four seasonal periods

En este trabajo se estudió el proceso de descomposición y la diversidad de insectos presentes en biomodelos porcinos en el departamento de Canelones, Uruguay. El objetivo fue determinar la composición específica, abundancia y riqueza de la artropodofauna carroñera en un ambiente de bosque forestal de Eucaliptus sp. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales durante un año, utilizándose dos cerdos domésticos para cada muestreo colocados dentro de jaulas de madera cubiertas de alambre tejidos. Diariamente fueron colectados los artrópodos en el cuerpo debajo y alrededor de este. Se registraron 2926 individuos pertenecientes a 69 especies distribuidas en 14 Familias entre los órdenes Diptera, Coleoptera e Hymenoptera. Se trata del primer estudio sobre entomología forense realizado para cuatro periodos estacionales en Uruguay y para la zona sur del país. Por lo tanto aporta información relevante que puede utilizarse en la resolución de casos forenses humanos en la región ya que permite conocer los procesos de descomposición cadavérica y la fauna de insectos carroñeros presentes en una zona particular y en las distintas estaciones del año

Aroma of Sherry Products: A Review

Jerez (Sherry) is a well-known wine-producing region located in southern Spain, where world-renowned oenological products such as wines, vinegars, and brandies are produced. There are several factors that provide characteristic physical, chemical, and sensory properties to the oenological products obtained in this Sherry region: the climate in the area with hot summers, mild winters, and with limited rainfall; the raw material used consisting on Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez white grape varieties; the special vinification with fortified wines; and aging techniques such as a dynamic system of biological or oxidative aging. These special organoleptic characteristics are responsible for, among others, the aromatic profile of the wines, vinegars and brandies from the area, which explains why this is a subject that has been extensively researched over the years. This bibliographic review aims to compile the different scientific contributions that have been found to date, in relation with the aroma of the oenological products from the Sherry area (dry wines, sweet wines, vinegars, and brandies). We have mainly focused on the different analytical methodologies used and on the main analytes of interest

First record of Megaselia rufipes (Meigen, 1804) (Diptera: Phoridae) from Uruguay with notes on biology

Megaselia rufipes (Meigen, 1804) is recorded for the first time in Uruguay, extending the Neotropical distribution of this taxon. The specimens were collected in a cemetery in Montevideo with ball-traps baited with carrion, placed inside crypts, from June to November 2011. Records of M. rufipes for the Neotropical Region tend to be sparse, but it is known from Brazil and Chile. According with its current distribution, M. rufipes tends to favour milder climates; our record from the more southern, cooler, part of the Neotropical Region is consistent with this perception