Flow Cytometry Applied to the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiencies

Primary immunodeficiencies are the result of biological defects associated with functional immune abnormalities. It consists of a group of disorders showing a higher incidence and severity of infections, expression of immunological dysregulation such as inflammation and lymphoproliferation. The immunophenotyping and in vitro functional characterization of immunodeficient patients contribute, together with the clinical aspects, to define the underlying immune defect particularities. Flow cytometry applications in primary immunodeficiency assessment are multiple and include the study of a wide range of specific cell lymphocyte subpopulations. This chapter describes the main techniques used in the diagnosis of a wide variety of primary immunodeficiencies, in which intracellular proteins or activation markers involved in immunity are evaluated, as well as functional proliferation, cytokine production, phosphorylation of transcription factors, cytotoxic and degranulation capacity. Flow cytometry is a tool that allows rapid and accurate evaluation of multiple lymphocyte populations and immunological function, and this information is essential for the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with primary immunodeficiencies

Análisis del riesgo de introducción de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Raza 4 Tropical (Foc R4T) plaga cuarentenaria para el Ecuador.

The presence of Fusarium oxyporum f.sp. cubense Raza 4 Tropical (Foc R4T) in the American continent becomes a new reality for all musaceae producers on the continent, since the story is divided in two, before the presence of the plague in Colombia and after its report official in August 2019, for this reason the immediate need to carry out this degree work is created, in order to determine the risk levels of introduction of Foc R4T, as well as the phytosanitary and mitigation measures associated with the different pathways of income adapting the methodology of the Work Guide for the preparation of Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) studies by Plague, prepared and approved by Agrocalidad under Resolution 0002 of January 2020. As results, adequate phytosanitary measures were identified that will help to prevent the entry of the pest to Ecuador according to the main routes of dispersion of the fungus identified as contaminated materials of soil, water and plant material. Among the proposed measures, the mobilization of plant propagation material, identification of the origin of the material, mobilization of passengers and means of transport, as well as additional declarations in the phytosanitary export certificates from their origin, among others, were analyzed.La presencia de Fusarium oxyporum f.sp. cubense Raza 4 Tropical ( Foc R4T) en el continente americano se convierte en una nueva realidad para todos los productores de musáceas del continente, ya que la historia se divide en dos, antes de la presencia de la plaga en Colombia y después de su reporte oficial en agosto del 2019, por esta razón se crea la necesidad inmediata de realizar el presente trabajo de titulación, con el fin de determinar los niveles de riesgo de introducción de Foc R4T, asi como las medidas fitosanitarias y de mitigación asociadas a las diferentes vías de ingreso adaptando la metodología de la Guía de trabajo para la elaboración de estudios de Análisis de Riesgo de plagas (ARP ) por Plaga, elaborada y aprobada por Agrocalidad bajo Resolución 0002 de enero del 2020. Como resultados se identificaron medidas fitosanitarias adecuadas que ayudarán a prevenir el ingreso de la plaga al Ecuador de acuerdo a las principales vías de dispersión del hongo identificadas como son materiales contaminados de suelo, agua y material vegetal. Dentro de las medidas propuestas se analizó la movilización del material vegetal de propagación, identificación de la procedencia del material, movilización de pasajeros y los medios de transporte, así como las declaraciones adicionales en los certificados fitosanitarios de exportación desde su procedencia entre otras

Magnetic solid nanoparticles and their counterparts: recent advances towards cancer theranostics

Cancer is currently a leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates an increase of 60% in the global cancer incidence in the next two decades. The inefficiency of the currently available therapies has prompted an urgent effort to develop new strategies that enable early diagnosis and improve response to treatment. Nanomedicine formulations can improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conventional therapies and result in optimized cancer treatments. In particular, theranostic formulations aim at addressing the high heterogeneity of tumors and metastases by integrating imaging properties that enable a non-invasive and quantitative assessment of tumor targeting efficiency, drug delivery, and eventually the monitoring of the response to treatment. However, in order to exploit their full potential, the promising results observed in preclinical stages need to achieve clinical translation. Despite the significant number of available functionalization strategies, targeting efficiency is currently one of the major limitations of advanced nanomedicines in the oncology area, highlighting the need for more efficient nanoformulation designs that provide them with selectivity for precise cancer types and tumoral tissue. Under this current need, this review provides an overview of the strategies currently applied in the cancer theranostics field using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), where both nanocarriers have recently entered the clinical trials stage. The integration of these formulations into magnetic solid lipid nanoparticles—with different composition and phenotypic activity—constitutes a new generation of theranostic nanomedicines with great potential for the selective, controlled, and safe delivery of chemotherapy.This research was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia—FCT) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (2014–2020 North Portugal Regional Operational Program) under the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-031142 “Local specific treatment of triple-negative-breast-cancer through externally triggered target-less drug carriers (MagtargetON)”, and by 2014–2020 INTERREG Cooperation Programme Spain–Portugal (POCTEP) through the project 0624_2IQBIONEURO_6_E

Bienestar psicológico subjetivo-material y su relación con la calidad de vida en el adulto mayor

La investigación Bienestar psicológico subjetivo-material y su relación con la calidad de vida en el adulto mayor del Centro del Adulto Mayor de Chiclayo, empleó la metodología descriptiva correlacional. La población fue de 56 adultos mayores entre 60 y 90 años de edad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Escala de Bienestar Psicológico -Sánchez Cánovas (1998) y Escala de Calidad de Vida -Olson & Barnes (1982); obtuvieron que bienestar psicológico subjetivo-material se relaciona con calidad de vida (Factores: Hogar y Bienestar Económico, Amigos, Vecindario, Educación y Ocio, Religión y Salud), con una correlación directa, a excepción de bienestar psicológico subjetivo que no existe relación con el factor medios de comunicación y bienestar material con el factor vida familiar y familia extensa.Tesi

Usos y gratificaciones del celular en la construcción de las relaciones sociales en estudiantes universitarios UPAO Piura, 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la existencia de relación entre el uso del celular y las gratificaciones con el nivel de relaciones sociales en los estudiantes Universitarios UPAO Piura, 2022. Por ello, la pregunta de investigación fue ¿Existe relación entre el uso y gratificaciones del celular con los niveles de relaciones sociales de los estudiantes de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego filial Piura, 2022? La investigación fue de tipo básica, no experimental, descriptiva y correlacional, la muestra estuvo conformada por 292 estudiantes estratificados según carrera. Como técnica se utilizó la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario. Como resultados de ellos se obtuvo que ha mayor uso que los estudiantes le dan al celular mayor será la gratificación que ellos obtendrán de esta herramienta tecnológica, considerando que la herramienta más utilizada es el WhatsApp.The main objective of this research was to determine the existence of a relationship between cell phone use and the level of social relations in university students UPAO Piura, 2022. Therefore, the research question was Is there a relationship between the use and gratifications of the cell phone with the levels of social relations of the students of the Private University Antenor Orrego subsidiary Piura, 2022? The research was of a basic type, not experimental, descriptive and correlative, the sample was made up of 292 students stratified by career. The survey was used as a technique and the questionnaire as a tool. As a result of them it was obtained that has greater use that the students give to the greater cell phone will be the gratification that they will get from this technological tool, considering that the most used tool is WhatsApp.Tesi

Examen especial de las cuentas de activo de la empresa Texasflowers S.A., provincia de Cotopaxi, cantón Latacunga, periodo del 01 de enero al 31 de diciembre del 2009.

The objective of this research`s project was, apply a Especial test of accounts about active Enterprise TEXAS FLOWERS S.A, the same that allowed to determinate the rate of reasonability of the accounts ,for take the correct administration decisions and facilitating the supervision of the lack to control and managing of the many and different accounts, the methods that were applied to the recompilation of the documents and the information were the survey, the direct observation and the methodology of the auditory by means of we get significative outcomes; atduing positive and negative aspects inside the enterprise. The especial test made of accounts about active constitute an instrument of support to the company in the efficient and clear hauding of the enterprise`s activities, under this circumstance’s it conduce that there`s not an adequate handing and control of the documents and different accounts this happen cause of the lack of the function`s manual, besides is necessary to toast a personal prepare for adequate performance of function these institute, because this was created to the managing of other people`s resources. For making that Especial test Auditor ship we collected and analyzed the information of support document which served to verify the procedures applied in the accounting and the administrative, financial processes giving progress and organized improvement of the entity.El objetivo general del trabajo de investigación fue aplicar un Examen Especial de las Cuentas de Activo a la Empresa TEXAS FLOWERS S.A. el mismo que permitió determinar el grado de razonabilidad de las cuentas, para una correcta toma de decisiones, facilitando de esta manera la supervisión de la falta de control y manejo en las diferentes cuentas, los métodos empleados fueron la encuesta, entrevista, observación directa y la metodología de la auditoría mediante las cuales se obtuvieron resultados significativos observando aspectos positivos y negativos dentro de la empresa. El Examen Especial realizado a las cuentas de activo, constituye un instrumento de apoyo para todos, en el manejo eficaz y eficiente de las actividades diarias de la misma, bajo estas circunstancias se concluye que no existe un adecuado control y manejo de documentos de respaldo de las diferentes cuentas; esto se debe a la falta de un manual de funciones, además es necesario dar una capacitación al personal para un adecuado desempeño de sus funciones, estos aspectos son desfavorables para el prestigio de la empresa. Se recopilo y analizo la información de documentos sustentatorios, los mismos que sirvieron para verificar los procedimientos aplicados en la contabilidad en el proceso administrativo y financiero, facilitando el progreso y mejoramiento organizativo de la empresa

Efecto de los extractos acuoso y alcohólico de la hoja de Phytolacca tetramera (Phytolaccaceae) sobre Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Ascomycota)

Phytolacca tetramera Hauman “ombusillo” is an endemism of southeastern Buenos Aires province (Argentina). This species has fungicidal action against opportunistic pathogens of humans. In order to search natural alternatives for the control of diseases in plants caused by fungi, the objective was to evaluate the effects of aqueous and alcohol extracts of P. tetramera leaves on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. This fungus has a wide distribution in different species with agricultural, forestry, and ornamental value. The antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts was assessed in vitro against fungi. The fungus was subjected to two types of extracts already incorporated into the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium at 5-50% concentrations. The aqueous extract concentrations within the range 15-30% led to a decrease in the average diameter and speed of mycelium growth, while the range of 15-40% was the most effective in relation to a decrease in conidial production. Also, leaf alcohol extract inhibited the conidial production at concentrations of 5%, and had fungicidal action at concentrations of 15%. From “ombusillo” leaves a foam index of 250 was obtained. This high concentration of saponins would be at least one cause of the antifungal activity.Phytolacca tetramera Hauman “ombusillo” es un endemismo del sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Esta especie presenta acción fungicida contra patógenos oportunistas de humanos. Con el propósito de buscar alternativas naturales para el control de enfermedades en los vegetales, se planteó como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los extractos foliares acuoso y alcohólico de P. tetramera sobre el desarrollo del hongo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., el cual tiene amplia distribución en especies de importancia agrícola, forestal y ornamental. El ensayo se realizó in vitro. El hongo fue cultivado en agar papa glucosado (APG), con aplicación del extracto en concentraciones del 5-50%. Las concentraciones del extracto acuoso del 15-30% produjeron una disminución del diámetro y velocidad media de crecimiento del micelio, mientras que las concentraciones del 15-40% fueron las más efectivas en el control de producción de conidios. El extracto alcohólico inhibió la producción de conidios con el 5% de concentración y con el 15% resultó fungicida. A partir de las hojas de “ombusillo” se obtuvo un índice de espuma de 250. Esta alta concentración de saponinas hace suponer que sería, al menos, una de las causas de la actividad antifúngica.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Efecto de los extractos acuoso y alcohólico de la hoja de Phytolacca tetramera (Phytolaccaceae) sobre Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Ascomycota)

Phytolacca tetramera Hauman “ombusillo” is an endemism of southeastern Buenos Aires province (Argentina). This species has fungicidal action against opportunistic pathogens of humans. In order to search natural alternatives for the control of diseases in plants caused by fungi, the objective was to evaluate the effects of aqueous and alcohol extracts of P. tetramera leaves on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. This fungus has a wide distribution in different species with agricultural, forestry, and ornamental value. The antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts was assessed in vitro against fungi. The fungus was subjected to two types of extracts already incorporated into the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium at 5-50% concentrations. The aqueous extract concentrations within the range 15-30% led to a decrease in the average diameter and speed of mycelium growth, while the range of 15-40% was the most effective in relation to a decrease in conidial production. Also, leaf alcohol extract inhibited the conidial production at concentrations of 5%, and had fungicidal action at concentrations of 15%. From “ombusillo” leaves a foam index of 250 was obtained. This high concentration of saponins would be at least one cause of the antifungal activity.Phytolacca tetramera Hauman “ombusillo” es un endemismo del sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Esta especie presenta acción fungicida contra patógenos oportunistas de humanos. Con el propósito de buscar alternativas naturales para el control de enfermedades en los vegetales, se planteó como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los extractos foliares acuoso y alcohólico de P. tetramera sobre el desarrollo del hongo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., el cual tiene amplia distribución en especies de importancia agrícola, forestal y ornamental. El ensayo se realizó in vitro. El hongo fue cultivado en agar papa glucosado (APG), con aplicación del extracto en concentraciones del 5-50%. Las concentraciones del extracto acuoso del 15-30% produjeron una disminución del diámetro y velocidad media de crecimiento del micelio, mientras que las concentraciones del 15-40% fueron las más efectivas en el control de producción de conidios. El extracto alcohólico inhibió la producción de conidios con el 5% de concentración y con el 15% resultó fungicida. A partir de las hojas de “ombusillo” se obtuvo un índice de espuma de 250. Esta alta concentración de saponinas hace suponer que sería, al menos, una de las causas de la actividad antifúngica.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Solid Lipid Particles for Lung Metastasis Treatment

Solid lipid particles (SLPs) can sustainably encapsulate and release therapeutic agents over long periods, modifying their biodistribution, toxicity, and side effects. To date, no studies have been reported using SLPs loaded with doxorubicin chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic cancer. This study characterizes the effect of doxorubicin-loaded carnauba wax particles in the treatment of lung metastatic malignant melanoma in vivo. Compared with the free drug, intravenously administrated doxorubicin-loaded SLPs significantly reduce the number of pulmonary metastatic foci in mice. In vitro kinetic studies show two distinctive drug release profiles. A first chemotherapy burst-release wave occurs during the first 5 h, which accounts for approximately 30% of the entrapped drug rapidly providing therapeutic concentrations. The second wave occurs after the arrival of the particles to the final destination in the lung. This release is sustained for long periods (>40 days), providing constant levels of chemotherapy in situ that trigger the inhibition of metastatic growth. Our findings suggest that the use of chemotherapy with loaded SLPs could substantially improve the effectiveness of the drug locally, reducing side effects while improving overall survival.This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Spanish MINECO Refs. PI16/00496 (AES 2016), PI19/00349 (AES 2019), and DTS19/00033; IDIVAL Refs. INNVAL17/11 and INNVAL19/12. J.G. and M.B.-L. also acknowledge financial support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia and the ERDF through NORTE2020 (2014–2020 North Portugal Regional Operational Program) through the projects UTAP-EXPL/NTec/0038/2017 (NANOTHER) and NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-031142 (MAGTARGETON). Nano2clinics COST Action CA17140

Temporal regulation of the Mus81-Mms4 endonuclease ensures cell survival under conditions of DNA damage

The structure-specific Mus81-Eme1/Mms4 endonuclease contributes importantly to DNA repair and genome integrity maintenance. Here, using budding yeast, we have studied its function and regulation during the cellular response to DNA damage and show that this endonuclease is necessary for successful chromosome replication and cell survival in the presence of DNA lesions that interfere with replication fork progression. On the contrary, Mus81-Mms4 is not required for coping with replicative stress originated by acute treatment with hydroxyurea (HU), which causes fork stalling. Despite its requirement for dealing with DNA lesions that hinder DNA replication, Mus81-Mms4 activation is not induced by DNA damage at replication forks. Full Mus81-Mms4 activity is only acquired when cells finish S-phase and the endonuclease executes its function after the bulk of genome replication is completed. This post-replicative mode of action of Mus81-Mms4 limits its nucleolytic activity during S-phase, thus avoiding the potential cleavage of DNA substrates that could cause genomic instability during DNA replication. At the same time, it constitutes an efficient fail-safe mechanism for processing DNA intermediates that cannot be resolved by other proteins and persist after bulk DNA synthesis, which guarantees the completion of DNA repair and faithful chromosome replication when the DNA is damagedSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BFU2010-16989 and Consolider Ingenio CSD2007-00015 to J.A.T.]; Fundación Ramón Areces (Institutional Grant to the Centro de Biologıa Molecular Severo Ochoa); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (predoctoral fellowships to M.V.V and M.A.O-B.); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (predoctoral fellowship to M.G-F.); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientıficas (JAE-Doc contract to M.S.). Funding for open access charge: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BFU2010-16989 and Consolider Ingenio CSD2007-00015]Peer Reviewe