La palabra escrita, la palabra hablada y la palabra traducida en los museos del triángulo del arte de Madrid

Museums depend on language to develop their museum discourse. Texts are necessary and cover a wide range of functions. Language can be presented in oral or written form, but in both cases, translation is essential to complete the communicative function of the museum. The translated word is intended for a foreign audience, and the translation must consider the subordination of the source text to the works on display, and its position in the hierarchy of the museum's other texts. In the museums of Madrid's art triangle, the written word, the spoken word, and the translated word are present; all three museums follow an appropriate strategy in terms of the translation of the texts that they produce. Through a detailed analysis of the audio guides offered in these museums of Madrid, chosen as an example of oral text, and the catalogues of temporary exhibitions, chosen as an example of written text, we conclude that orality or writing can influence certain translatology aspects, such as the choice of target language(s) or the authorship of translations.Los museos dependen del lenguaje para elaborar su discurso museístico. Los textos son necesarios y cubren funciones muy diversas. El lenguaje se puede presentar de forma oral o escrita, pero en ambos casos la traducción resulta fundamental para completar la función comunicativa del museo. La palabra traducida se dirige al público extranjero y la traducción se debe realizar teniendo en cuenta tanto la subordinación del texto origen a las obras expuestas, como su posición en la jerarquía de los otros textos del museo. En los museos del triángulo del arte de Madrid está presente la palabra escrita, la palabra hablada y la palabra traducida; los tres museos siguen una estrategia adecuada en cuanto a la traducción de los textos que producen. Mediante el análisis detallado de las audioguías que se ofertan en estos museos madrileños, elegidas como ejemplo de texto oral, y de los catálogos de exposiciones temporales, elegidos como ejemplo de texto escrito, llegamos a la conclusión de que la oralidad o la escritura puede influir en ciertos aspectos traductológicos, como en la elección de la(s) lengua(s) meta(s) o en la autoría de las traducciones

Small ruminants Lentivirus infection in the region of Trás-os-Montes, Portugal: preliminar results

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVS) are a group of viruses responsible for Maedi-Visna in ovine and for Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis in caprine species. Theses diseases result of progressive and chronic infections which affect animal health as well as are one of the major causes of severe economic loss. In the north-eastern region of Portugal (Trás-os-Montes) small ruminant farming has a great economic and social value. On current days, in Portugal, there is few information about SRLV infection. The main aim of this research is to quantify seroprevalence as well as risk factors associated to lentivirus infection of small ruminant in this region of Portugal.PROJECT: 0687_OVISPID_2_E POCTEP – PROGRAMA DE COOPERAÇÃO TRANSFRONTEIRIÇO PORTUGAL - ESPANHAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with small ruminant lentivirus infection in the north-eastern of Portugal: preliminary results

The small ruminants lentiviruses (SRLVs) are a group of viruses responsible for Maedi-Visna (MV) in sheep and caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) in goats. These diseases may result in progressive and persistent infections that affect animal health and cause severe economic losses of production. In the north-eastern of Portugal, small ruminants farming have great economic and social importance. Typical farm uses traditional methods of animal production, carrying out year- round roaming grazing. Until now there is scarce information on the seroprevalence of SRLVs in Portugal, neither about risk factors to these type of farming system.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A serosurvey of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of goats in the North of Portugal

To better understand the epizootiology of caprine paratuberculosis in the North of Portugal, a crosssectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2015. The seroprevalence and risk factors for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) seropositivity were evaluated. Antibodies against Map were determined by a commercial ELISA. In 936 sera tested from 56 goat herds, 120 (12.8%, 95% CI: 10.8– 15.1%) goats and 34 (60.7%, 95% CI: 47.6–72.4%) herds were positive. Risk factors for seropositivity were investigated by logistic regression models. The odds of Map seropositivity were found to be higher for animals with clinical signs, OR 5 5.1 (95% CI: 2.7–9.6%), animals belonging to herds with previous wasting disease, OR 5 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1–4.8%), and accumulation of manure in the herd, OR 5 3.1 (95% CI: 1.7–5.7%). The potential risk factors identified in this study support the current recommendations for the control of paratuberculosis in these and other animals.The authors thank the owners of the participating goat herds and the technicians and colleagues working at ACRIGAOPP (Associação de Criadores de Gado e Agricultores) for their co-operation and the assistance. Financial support for the study was provided by Interreg (EU) Spain-Portugal (POCTEP): 0441_ZOONOSIS_2_E.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Blood-based lipidomic signature of severe obstructive sleep apnoea in Alzheimer's disease

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most frequent form of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Available evidence demonstrates that both conditions are independently associated with alterations in lipid metabolism. However, it is unknown whether the expression of lipids is diferent between AD patients with and without severe OSA. In this context, we examined the plasma lipidome of patients with suspected OSA, aiming to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and to provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease. Methods: The study included 103 consecutive patients from the memory unit of our institution with a diagnosis of AD. The individuals were subjected to overnight polysomnography (PSG) to diagnose severe OSA (apnoea-hypopnea index ≥30/h), and blood was collected the following morning. Untargeted plasma lipidomic profling was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results: We identifed a subset of 44 lipids (mainly phospholipids and glycerolipids) that were expressed diferently between patients with AD and severe and nonsevere OSA. Among the lipids in this profle, 30 were signifcantly correlated with specifc PSG measures of OSA severity related to sleep fragmentation and hypoxemia. Machine learning analyses revealed a 4-lipid signature (phosphatidylcholine PC(35:4), cis-8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid and two oxidized triglycerides (OxTG(58:5) and OxTG(62:12)) that provided an accuracy (95% CI) of 0.78 (0.69–0.86) in the detection of OSA. These same lipids improved the predictive power of the STOP-Bang questionnaire in terms of the area under the curve (AUC) from 0.61 (0.50–0.74) to 0.80 (0.70–0.90). Conclusion: Our results show a plasma lipidomic fngerprint that allows the identifcation of patients with AD and severe OSA, allowing the personalized management of these individuals. The fndings suggest that oxidative stress and infammation are potential prominent mechanisms underlying the association between OSA and AD.Government of Catalonia, Department of Health (PERIS 2019 SLT008/18/00050) and “Fundació La Marató TV3” (464/C/2014) to GPR. The Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades), co-fnanced by FEDER funds from the European Union “A way to build Europe” (grant RTI2018-099200-B-I00), the IRBLleida-Diputació de Lleida (PIRS2021), and the Government of Catalonia: Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (2017SGR696) to RP. FD was supported by the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants and the European Social Fund (FI_B100153). IRBLleida is a CERCA Program of the Government of Catalonia

In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica Isolates from Tularemia Outbreaks That Occurred from the End of the 20th Century to the 2020s in Spain

[EN] A collection of 177 Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica clinical isolates (29 from humans and 148 from animals, mainly hares and voles) was gathered from diverse tularemia outbreaks in the Castilla y León region (northwestern Spain) that occurred from the end of the 20th century to the 2020s. Along with four F. tularensis subsp. holarctica reference strains, all of these clinical isolates were tested using a broth microdilution method to determine their susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial agents, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides and one member each of the tetracycline, glycylcycline, quinolone and sulphonamide classes. Many multi-resistance profiles were found among the tested isolates, but especially among those of human origin (all but two isolates showed resistance to at least 13 of 18 antimicrobial agents). Even so, all human isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and tobramycin, while more than 96% of animal isolates were susceptible to these two aminoglycosides. Ciprofloxacin showed activity against more than 92% of animal and human isolates. However, almost 21% of human isolates were resistant to tetracycline, and more than 65% were resistant to tigecycline. Finally, a quite similar activity to other F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates collected 20 years earlier in Spain was observedSIThis study was supported by a contract—project, “Caracterización de posibles resistencias antimicrobianas y estudios de virulencia de las cepas aisladas de Francisella tularensis. Contexto One Health” financed by the Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería y Desarrollo Rural, Junta de Castilla y León. The 181 F. tularensis isolates were owned by the Laboratorio Regional de Sanidad Animal, León, Spain, or by the Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Valladolid, Spai

Risk factors associated with negative in-vivo diagnostic results in bovine tuberculosis-infected cattle in Spain

BACKGROUND Despite great effort and investment incurred over decades to control bovine tuberculosis (bTB), it is still one of the most important zoonotic diseases in many areas of the world. Test-and-slaughter strategies, the basis of most bTB eradication programs carried out worldwide, have demonstrated its usefulness in the control of the disease. However, in certain countries, eradication has not been achieved due in part to limitations of currently available diagnostic tests. In this study, results of in-vivo and post-mortem diagnostic tests performed on 3,614 animals from 152 bTB-infected cattle herds (beef, dairy, and bullfighting) detected in 2007-2010 in the region of Castilla y León, Spain, were analyzed to identify factors associated with positive bacteriological results in cattle that were non-reactors to the single intradermal tuberculin test, to the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay, or to both tests applied in parallel (Test negative/Culture + animals, T-/C+). The association of individual factors (age, productive type, and number of herd-tests performed since the disclosure of the outbreak) with the bacteriology outcome (positive/negative) was analyzed using a mixed multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS The proportion of non-reactors with a positive post-mortem result ranged from 24.3% in the case of the SIT test to 12.9% (IFN-γ with 0.05 threshold) and 11.9% (95% CI 9.9-11.4%) using both tests in parallel. Older (>4.5 years) and bullfighting cattle were associated with increased odds of confirmed bTB infection by bacteriology, whereas dairy cattle showed a significantly lower risk. Ancillary use of IFN-γ assay reduced the proportion of T-/C + animals in high risk groups. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the likelihood of positive bacteriological results in non-reactor cattle is influenced by individual epidemiological factors of tested animals. Increased surveillance on non-reactors with an increased probability of being false negative could be helpful to avoid bTB persistence, particularly in chronically infected herds. These findings may aid in the development of effective strategies for eradication of bTB in Spain

Tularemia Outbreaks in Spain from 2007 to 2020 in Humans and Domestic and Wild Animals

[EN] In this study, tularemia outbreaks associated with humans and several domestic and wild animals (Iberian hares, wild rabbits, voles, mice, grey shrews, sheep, dogs, foxes, wolves, ticks, and river crayfish) are reported in Spain from 2007 to 2020. Special attention was paid to the outbreaks in humans in 2007-2009 and 2014-2015, when the most important waves occurred. Moreover, positive rates of tularemia in lagomorphs were detected in 2007-2010, followed by negative results in 2011-2013, before again returning to positive rates in 2014 and in 2017 and in 2019-2020. Lagomorphs role in spreading Francisella tularensis in the epidemiological chain could not be discarded. F. tularensis is described for the first time infecting the shrew Crocidura russula worldwide, and it is also reported for the first time infecting wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in Spain. Serological positives higher than 0.4% were seen for sheep only from 2007-2009 and again in 2019, while serological rates greater than 1% were revealed in dogs in 2007-2008 and in wild canids in 2016. F. tularensis were detected in ticks in 2009, 2014-2015, 2017, and 2019. Lastly, negative results were achieved for river crayfish and also in environmental water samples from 2007 to 2020SIThis research received no external funding but was supported by the contract-project called Caracterización molecular de las cepas de Francisella tularensis aisladas en lagomorfos y roedores de Castilla y León, financed by the Dirección General de Producción Agropecuaria e Infraestructuras, Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Consejería de Agricultura y Ganadería de la Junta de Castilla y León. All the isolates are owned by the Junta de Castilla y Leó

Flexible high efficiency perovskite solar cells

Flexible perovskite based solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of 7% have been prepared on PET based conductive substrates. Extended bending of the devices does not deteriorate their performance demonstrating their suitability for roll to roll processing