Genetic- and Lifestyle-dependent Dental Caries Defined by the Acidic Proline-rich Protein Genes PRH1 and PRH2.

Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease that affects billions of people with large individual differences in activity. We investigated whether PRH1 and PRH2 polymorphisms in saliva acidic proline-rich protein (PRP) receptors for indigenous bacteria match and predict individual differences in the development of caries. PRH1 and PRH2 variation and adhesion of indigenous and cariogenic (Streptococcus mutans) model bacteria were measured in 452 12-year-old Swedish children along with traditional risk factors and related to caries at baseline and after 5-years. The children grouped into low-to-moderate and high susceptibility phenotypes for caries based on allelic PRH1, PRH2 variation. The low-to-moderate susceptibility children (P1 and P4a-) experienced caries from eating sugar or bad oral hygiene or infection by S. mutans. The high susceptibility P4a (Db, PIF, PRP12) children had more caries despite receiving extra prevention and irrespective of eating sugar or bad oral hygiene or S. mutans-infection. They instead developed 3.9-fold more caries than P1 children from plaque accumulation in general when treated with orthodontic multibrackets; and had basic PRP polymorphisms and low DMBT1-mediated S. mutans adhesion as additional susceptibility traits. The present findings thus suggest genetic autoimmune-like (P4a) and traditional life style (P1) caries, providing a rationale for individualized oral care

GNB: Projet de recherche finalisée à l’interface recherche-gestion et ses interactions avec BGF

La gestion durable des forêts repose largement sur la biodiversité dont le fonctionnement reste cependant encore très insuffisamment connu. Il en découle la nécessité d’améliorer, de manière générale, le socle de connaissances relatif à la biodiversité et, plus particulièrement, d’analyser les interactions entre changement climatique, productivité forestière et biodiversité en forêt. Par ailleurs, les stratégies et décisions des acteurs influent sur ces interactions et constituent également des objets d’étude à privilégier. C’est pourquoi le programme de recherche « Biodiversité, gestion forestière et politiques publiques » a lancé en 2013 un appel à projets de recherche avec deux entrées : - l’une par les sciences de la nature axée sur le changement climatique, les mesures de gestion et la dynamique de la biodiversité dans les écosystèmes ; - l’autre par les sciences humaines et sociales sur les stratégies et décisions des acteurs, la gouvernance et les politiques publiques correspondant à la première entrée. Le présent colloque a pour objectifs de : - présenter les résultats des cinq projets de recherche qui ont été sélectionnés à cette occasion sur chacune des deux entrées en les accompagnant en tant que de besoin de regards complémentaires et en illustrant l’un des projets par une visite sur le terrain ; - initier une réflexion sur le progrès des connaissances dans ce domaine, en s’inspirant du devenir de projets antérieurs et en identifiant les principales lacunes à combler. Il se déroulera en trois sessions, chacune introduite par des exposés d’une quinzaine de minutes et conclue par une table ronde permettant un débat avec les participants et les invités

Words apart: Standardizing forestry terms and definitions across European biodiversity studies

Forest biodiversity studies conducted across Europe use a multitude of forestry terms, often inconsistently. This hinders the comparability across studies and makes the assessment of the impacts of forest management on biodiversity highly context-dependent. Recent attempts to standardize forestry and stand description terminology mostly used a top-down approach that did not account for the perspectives and approaches of forest biodiversity experts. This work aims to establish common standards for silvicultural and vegetation definitions, creating a shared conceptual framework for a consistent study on the effects of forest management on biodiversity. We have identified both strengths and weaknesses of the silvicultural and vegetation information provided in forest biodiversity studies. While quantitative data on forest biomass and dominant tree species are frequently included, information on silvicultural activities and vegetation composition is often lacking, shallow, or based on broad and heterogeneous classifications. We discuss the existing classifications and their use in European forest biodiversity studies through a novel bottom-up and top-driven review process, and ultimately propose a common framework. This will enhance the comparability of forest biodiversity studies in Europe, and puts the basis for effective implementation and monitoring of sustainable forest management policies. The standards here proposed are potentially adaptable and applicable to other geographical areas and could be extended to other forest interventions. Forest management Multi-taxon Terminology Silviculture Data harmonizationpublishedVersio

Where are we now with European forest multi-taxon biodiversity and where can we head to?

The European biodiversity and forest strategies rely on forest sustainable management (SFM) to conserve forest biodiversity. However, current sustainability assessments hardly account for direct biodiversity indicators. We focused on forest multi-taxon biodiversity to: i) gather and map the existing information; ii) identify knowledge and research gaps; iii) discuss its research potential. We established a research network to fit data on species, standing trees, lying deadwood and sampling unit description from 34 local datasets across 3591 sampling units. A total of 8724 species were represented, with the share of common and rare species varying across taxonomic classes: some included many species with several rare ones (e.g., Insecta); others (e.g., Bryopsida) were represented by few common species. Tree-related structural attributes were sampled in a subset of sampling units (2889; 2356; 2309 and 1388 respectively for diameter, height, deadwood and microhabitats). Overall, multitaxon studies are biased towards mature forests and may underrepresent the species related to other developmental phases. European forest compositional categories were all represented, but beech forests were overrepresented as compared to thermophilous and boreal forests. Most sampling units (94%) were referred to a habitat type of conservation concern. Existing information may support European conservation and SFM strategies in: (i) methodological harmonization and coordinated monitoring; (ii) definition and testing of SFM indicators and thresholds; (iii) data-driven assessment of the effects of environmental and management drivers on multi-taxon forest biological and functional diversity, (iv) multi-scale forest monitoring integrating in-situ and remotely sensed information. Forest biodiversity Multi-taxon Sustainable management Biodiversity conservation Forest stand structurepublishedVersio

Summer feeding behaviour of reindeer

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) plays an important role ecologically, economically, as well as culturally in northern Fennoscandia, where reindeer husbandry traditionally has considered winter to be the bottleneck for reindeer. Recent studies have shown that summer feeding conditions control reindeer population dynamics through indirect effects on winter survival and reproductive success. My thesis is unique as it analyses seasonal plant nutrient dynamics, their spatial patterns and reindeer summer foraging behaviour at different levels simultaneously. The aim was to test the underlying assumptions behind the hypothesis that reindeer select the new emerging growth (highly digestible and protein rich) and move into new areas as the emergence of new growth proceeds along climatic gradients. The studies were done in a mountainous landscape of sub-arctic northern Sweden used by the semi-domesticated reindeer herd belonging to Gabna Sami community. The study on plant nutrient dynamics of four forage species (Betula nana L., Eriophorum angustifolium L., Rumex acetosa L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L.) revealed that plant nitrogen concentrations (and thus protein content) related to snowmelt patterns. It was further shown that reindeer selected areas with high landcover diversity, and thus might respond to any landscape heterogeneity that results from varying snowmelt patterns. Within landscapes, reindeer selected species rich plant communities with high abundance of preferred food plants (deciduous shrubs, herbs and graminoids) and fed where food biomass was high, predominantly that of birch and willow species. Contrary to predictions of the tested hypothesis, it was concluded that reindeer responded to food quantity rather than quality at intermediate (i.e., within plant communities) levels of feeding habitat selection. Feeding habitat selection at higher (i.e., feeding area and plant community selection) and lower (i.e., plant species and parts selection) levels indicated the importance of food quality and was thus in agreement with the tested hypothesis. My results have implications for land management as they show the importance of maintaining heterogeneous alpine landscapes for reindeer husbandry. Furthermore, reindeer husbandry needs to be practised at a level that maintain species rich and diverse plant communities. These plant communities were shown to be important feeding habitats, at the same time as they may contribute to nature conservation goals

Témoignage : montage du projet FRISQUE « Apprendre à vivre avec la Grande Faune : une approche par la gestion du risque »

présentation power point de 8 diaposNational audienc

Comment indiquer l'équilibre forêt-gibier? Diagnostics et suivis de l'impact des ongulés sauvages sur la régénération et la flore forestière

National audienceCette exposé précise les outils révélateurs de déséquilibres faune-flore, principalement lors de renouvellement de peuplement (régénération ou reboisement) : un diagnostic pour identifier et quantifier la cause, le suivi pour mesurer l’évolution (ICE, enclos-exclos, suivis floristique). La mise en place de ces outils permet une analyse objective de l’ampleur du déséquilibre

Risques liés aux ongulés sauvages (projet FRISQUE)

National audienc

Faire jouer la transparence dans des projets collaboratifs : un tableau de bord interactif

Le partage et l’analyse conjointe des données reposent sur la transparence dans des projets collaboratifs. L’exposé présentera une proposition de tableau de bord interactif, sous forme de démonstrateur. Ce dernier permettra d’échanger autour des fonctionnalités nécessaires à la gestion conjointe et partagée de l’équilibre forêt-cervidés en région Centre-Val de Loire et plus globalement en France

Les ongulés sauvages, un moteur de la dynamique forestière ?

National audienceDepuis la publication de l'hypothèse de Vera (2000) sur le maintien des forêts primaires ouvertes par les grands herbivores, il existe un débat de longue date sur le rôle de ces animaux sur la dynamique et le degré d'ouverture des écosystèmes forestiers. Nous revisiterons l'hypothèse de Vera avec un regard neuf sur nos propres données qui décrivent les effets des ongulés sauvages sur la forêt tempérée de plaine d'aujourd'hui. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux effets des ongulés sauvages sur la végétation forestière (Boulanger et al. 2018), la dispersion des graines par ces animaux (Albert et al. 2015) et les effets en cascades sur d'autres compartiments de l'écosystème (Baltzinger et al. 2016). Nous démontrons que les ongulés sauvages jouent un rôle déterminant pour le fonctionnement et la diversité des écosystèmes forestiers. Cependant, la guilde et la pression actuelle des ongulés sauvages ne permettent pas de créer et de maintenir le paysage ouvert auquel Vera fait référence. Nous mettons pourtant en évidence que les ongulés sauvages jouent un rôle déterminant dans la dynamique forestière en ralentissant la succession forestière et en permettant aux espèces inféodées aux milieux ouverts de persister plus longtemps dans la succession forestière