Acceptability of a Hypothetical Zika Vaccine among Women from Colombia and Spain Exposed to ZIKV: A Qualitative Study.

Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause pregnancy loss and congenital Zika syndrome, among other poor health outcomes. The ZIKV epidemic in 2015-2017 disproportionately affected pregnant women in poor-resource settings. We aimed to understand perceptions and attitudes towards a hypothetical ZIKV vaccine, women's willingness to be vaccinated, and potential barriers and facilitators for vaccine acceptance in 1) migrant women living in Spain who travelled to their countries of origin and were diagnosed with ZIKV infection during pregnancy, and their healthcare providers, and 2) women living in Colombia who delivered a child with microcephaly. An exploratory qualitative study based on phenomenology and grounded theory was conducted. Data were collected through in-depth, paired and semi-structured interviews. Overall, women from both sites were willing to receive a hypothetical ZIKV vaccine. However, some expressed concerns of being vaccinated during pregnancy, yet they would accept it if the vaccine was recommended by a healthcare professional they trust. Main fears towards vaccination were related to vaccine safety and potential adverse effects on child's health. Women reported feeling hesitant to participate in a ZIKV vaccine trial. These results may contribute to guiding the effective delivery of future ZIKV vaccines among populations most at risk and particularly vulnerable

Vacunas para COVID-19 - ¿Podemos evitar volver a vivir en un pueblo fantasma?

Over the last year, the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have caused considerable havoc on society (1). Indeed, this has been a chronicle of an announced zoonosis (2,3). Its impact has been even deeper in developing countries (4,5), such as Colombia (6,7,8). So far, up to March 9, 2021, the world has recorded 117.5 million cases of COVID-19, with 2.6 million deaths (2.22%). Colombia is included in the Top 20 countries with the highest number of cases (2.282.372) and the Top 20 deaths globally (60.676).Durante el último año, la pandemia de la Enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), causada por el Síndrome Respiratorio Severo Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ha causado estragos considerables en la sociedad (1). De hecho, esta ha sido una crónica de una zoonosis anunciada (2,3). Su impacto ha sido aún más profundo en países en desarrollo (4,5), como Colombia (6,7,8). Hasta el momento, hasta el 9 de marzo de 2021, el mundo ha registrado 117.5 millones de casos de COVID-19, con 2.6 millones de muertes (2.22%). Colombia está incluida en el Top 20 de países con el mayor número de casos (2.282.372) y en el Top 20 de muertes a nivel mundial (60.676)

Towards an equivalence between maximal entanglement and maximal quantum nonlocality

While all bipartite pure entangled states are known to generate correlations violating a Bell inequality, and are therefore nonlocal, the quantitative relation between pure state entanglement and nonlocality is poorly understood. In fact, some Bell inequalities are maximally violated by non-maximally entangled states and this phenomenon is also observed for other operational measures of nonlocality. In this work, we study a recently proposed measure of nonlocality defined as the probability that a pure state displays nonlocal correlations when subjected to random measurements. We first prove that this measure satisfies some natural properties for an operational measure of nonlocality. Then, we show that for pure states of two qubits the measure is monotonic with entanglement for all correlation two-outcome Bell inequalities: for all these inequalities, the more the state is entangled, the larger the probability to violate them when random measurements are performed. Finally, we extend our results to the multipartite setting.QID/Wehner GroupQuTec

Prevalencia de mastitis bovina en sistemas doble propósito en Montería (Colombia): etiología y susceptibilidad antibacteriana Prevalência de mastite bovina nos sistemas dupla aptidão no município de Montería,(Colômbia): etiologia infecciosa e susceptibilidade antibacteriana Prevalence of mastitis in dual purpose cattle farms in Monteria (Colombia): etiology and antibacterial susceptibility

Mediante la prueba California para Mastitis(CMT), se evaluaron 4.260 cuartos pertenecientesa 1.065 vacas en 15 fincas manejadas bajo el sistema doble propósito en el municipio de Montería (Córdoba) Colombia, las fincas fueron escogidas mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. De los cuartos con reacciones trazas hasta casos subclínicos y clínicos, se tomó una muestra de leche para aislar los microorganismos involucrados en la mastitis bovina. El 11.30% (n=480) de los cuartos fue positivo para mastitis subclínica. El 92.21% de los aislamientos involucró microorganismos infecciosos. Staphylococcus aureus , fue aislado en el 87.56% y se convirtió en el principal patógeno aislado. Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos (SCN) fueron aislados en el 0.3%. Streptococcus agalactiae fue aislado en el 2.10% de las muestras, Streptococuss uberis aislado en el 3.60%. Corynebacterium bovis se aisló en el 2.10%. Se puedeconcluir que Staphylococcus aureus fue el principal agente etiológico, siendo sensible a los antibióticos más usados en programas de prevención y control de la mastitis bovina en el sistema de producción doble propósito, en el municipio de Montería.<br>Mediante o teste do California Mastites Test (CMT), foram avaliados 4260 quartos pertencentes a 1065 vacas em 15 fazendas que laboram no sistema carne e leite no município de Montería (Córdoba, Colômbia), seleccionadas no sistema de amostragem não probabilístico. Dos quartos com traços, de casos subclínicos e clínicos, foi tomada uma amostra de leite para isolar os microorganismos envolvidos namastite bovina. O 11.30% (n=480) dos quartos foram positivos para mastite subclínica. O 92.21% dosi solados apresentaram microorganismos infecciosos. Staphylococcus aureus , foi isolado no 7.56% e foi reconhecido como o principal patógeno isolado. Foram isolados nas amostras: Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos (0.3%), Streptococcus agalactiae (2.10%), Streptococcus uberis (3.60%) e Corynebacterium bovis (2.10%). O Staphylococcus aureus foi o principal agente etiológico e foi sensível aos antibióticos usualmente usados nos programas de prevenção e controle de mastite bovina nos sistemas de duplo aptidão no município de Montería.<br>The prevalence of bovine mastitis was evaluated in 4.260 udder quarts from 1.065 cows located in 15 cattle farms managed as dual purpose systems (beef and dairy) in Monteria (Cordoba, Colombia). The farms were chosen using a non-random probability sampling design. To isolate the microorganisms involved in mastitis, milk samples were taken from the quarts with trace reaction, as well as from sub-clinical or clinically affected quarts. A high percentage (92.21%) of isolated samples included infectious organisms. The main pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (87.56% of samples), while Streptococuss uberis,Corynebacterium bovis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (SCN) were found in 3.60, 2.10, 2.10, and 0.3% of samples, respectively. We conclude that Staphylococcus aureus, the main etiological agent, is sensitive to antibiotics commonly used in the prevention and control of mastitis on dual purpose systems in this region

Ad-hoc group for Consensus recommendations of the evaluation and quality control for molecular and serological diagnostics tests for SARS CoV-2 human infection

Se formulan recomendaciones de un grupo de consenso de expertos sobre los criterios para evaluar el desempeño diagnóstico (tamaño y selección de muestras para sensibilidad y especificidad analíticas, criterios para establecer límites de detección, criterios para establecer el estándar de oro para las serologías) que deberíanser tenidos en cuenta al evaluar y validar las pruebas diagnósticas para SARS CoV-2. Con el propósito de asegurar la calidad de las pruebas serológicas a utilizar en el país, se recomienda la participación en un programa de control de calidad externo, que garantice la idoneidad y desempeño en la realización de laspruebas diagnósticas serológicas y moleculares durante esta pandemia, ya que su uso tiene profundas implicaciones para las medidas de intervención clínicas individuales y de seguimiento y control en salud pública.A consensus working group formulates recommendations on the criteria to evaluate the diagnostic performance (size and criteria of selection of samples to determine sensitivity, analytical specificity, criteria for limit of detection, criteria for gold standard to evaluate serological assays) that should considered during the evaluation and validation/verification of diagnostic tests for SARS CoV-2 infection. A national external quality control program should be established to guarantee the suitability and performance of these diagnostic serological and molecular tests during this pandemic, that will have deep implications on clinical and public health decisions