Polinização de Pagamea duckei Standl. (Rubiaceae): Uma espécie funcionalmente dióica

The floral biology, pollination and breeding system of Pagamea duckei Standl. (Rubiaceae) were studied at the Reserva Biológica da Campina, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Floral morphology suggested that P. duckei is a distylous species. However, crossing experiments revealed that it is functionally dioecious. The flowers are actinomorphic, yellowish, produce nectar and a sweet odor, which is more intense in the morning. Anthesis started in the morning between 5.00 and 6.00 AM and extended until dusk, when the corolla tube abscissed. The flowers were visited mostly by bees of the genus Melipona. Pagamea duckei is not agamospermic and thus needs pollen vectors for effective pollination. The results of this study strengthen the idea that, in Pagamea, species with distylous flower morphology are actually functionally dioecious

OS FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS URBANOS DO CAMPUS DA UNIFEOB (SÃO JOÃO DA BOA VISTA - SP): UMA ABORDAGEM QUALITATIVA COMO PROPOSTA PARA CONSERVAÇÃO E MANEJO

As florestas estacionais do Estado de São Paulo foram historicamente fragmentadas devido à expansão agrícola, restando apenas remanescentes nos parques e reservas. Nas propriedades particulares são raras as manchas de floresta, mesmo aquelas protegidas por lei em áreas de preservação permanente, como as margens de rios. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a biodiversidade vegetal em fragmentos florestais localizados dentro do perímetro urbano do município de São João da Boa Vista-SP, na Fazenda Prata, analisar seu estado de conservação e seu potencial para manter-se a longo prazo. Durante quatorze meses, foi coletado material botânico de espécies lenhosas, encontrados em estado reprodutivo em visitas mensais. Foram identificadas 48 espécies e 26 famílias botânicas, sendo que 69% das espécies são pioneiras ou secundárias iniciais e nove espécies são exóticas. Os resultados indicam uma baixa diversidade de espécies e o predomínio de espécies iniciais o que caracteriza uma floresta degradada. Recomenda-se que seja elaborado um plano de manejo participativo para a área, de modo a estabelecer as áreas de preservação e de recuperação, além de uma análise da paisagem regional para verificação da possibilidade dos fragmentos florestais, uma vez recuperados, estabelecerem conexões com outros da região, funcionando como corredores ecológicos

Species tree phylogeny and biogeography of the Neotropical genus Pradosia (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae)

Recent phylogenetic studies in Sapotaceae have demonstrated that many genera need to be redefined to better correspond to natural groups. The Neotropical genus Pradosia is believed to be monophyletic and includes 26 recognized species. Here we reconstruct the generic phylogeny by a species-tree approach using *BEAST, 21 recognized species (36 accessions), sequence data from three nuclear markers (ITS, ETS, and RPB2), a relaxed lognormal clock model, and a fossil calibration. We explore the evolution of five selected morphological characters, reconstruct the evolution of habitat (white-sand vs. clayish soils) preference, as well as space and time by using a recently developed continuous diffusion model in biogeography. We find Pradosia to be monophyletic in its current circumscription and to have originated in the Amazon basin at ~47.5Ma. Selected morphological characters are useful to readily distinguish three clades. Preferences to white-sand and/or clay are somewhat important for the majority of species, but speciation has not been powered by habitat shifts. Pradosia brevipes is a relative young species (~1.3Ma) that has evolved a unique geoxylic life strategy within Pradosia and is restricted to savannahs. Molecular dating and phylogenetic pattern indicate that Pradosia reached the Brazilian Atlantic coast at least three times: at 34.4Ma (P. longipedicellata), at 11.7Ma (P. kuhlmannii), and at 3.9Ma (weakly supported node within the red-flowered clade). © 2015 Elsevier Inc

First record of pouteria franciscana baehni (Chrysophylloideae, sapotaceae) in amapá state, eastern Brazilian Amazonia

This is the first record of Pouteria franciscana Baehni (Chrysophylloideae, Sapotaceae) in Amapá state, Brazil. We provide a brief description as well as a distribution map, illustrations, and a table with useful features to distinguish P. franciscana from its morphologically related Amazonian species. Using geographic data and applying IUCN criteria, we assign the status as Least Concern for P. franciscana. © Vasconcelos et al

First record of pouteria franciscana baehni (Chrysophylloideae, sapotaceae) in amapá state, eastern Brazilian Amazonia

This is the first record of Pouteria franciscana Baehni (Chrysophylloideae, Sapotaceae) in Amapá state, Brazil. We provide a brief description as well as a distribution map, illustrations, and a table with useful features to distinguish P. franciscana from its morphologically related Amazonian species. Using geographic data and applying IUCN criteria, we assign the status as Least Concern for P. franciscana. © Vasconcelos et al

Towards a natural classification of Sapotaceae subfamily Chrysophylloideae in the Neotropics

Generic limits of Chrysophyllum and Pouteria (Chrysophylloideae, Sapotaceae) have been found to be untenable. We here search for natural lineages in Neotropical Chrysophylloideae by sampling 101 terminals for molecular sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (external and internal transcribed spacer), the nuclear gene RPB2 and 17 morphological characters. Data were analysed with Bayesian inference and parsimony jackknifing. Morphological traits were finally optimized onto the tree to identify the most coherent characters. The resulting phylogenetic tree suggests that the limits of the well-known genera Chrysophyllum and Pouteria must be amended. Diploon, Ecclinusa and Elaeoluma can be maintained and Chrysophyllum sections Ragala section Prieurella and the satellite genera Achrouteria, Cornuella, Martiusella and Nemaluma merit generic resurrection. Lucuma may be restored if the type species belongs to the clade. The accepted genera Chromolucuma, Pradosia and Sarcaulus gain strong clade support, but are embedded in a core clade of Pouteria and may be relegated to the subgeneric level if morphological studies cannot provide evidence concurring with narrow generic concepts. Circumscriptions of Micropholis and Chrysophyllum sections Chrysophyllum and Villocuspis remain unclear and must be explored by using an extended taxon sampling. We predict that yet-to-be-analysed species of Pouteria sections Franchetella, Gayella, Oxythece and Pouteria and members of the currently accepted genera Chromolucuma, Pradosia and Sarcaulus will fall inside the core clade of Pouteria when analysed. © 2017 The Linnean Society of London

Pollination of Pagamea duckei Standl. (Rubiaceae): a functionally dioecious species

The floral biology, pollination and breeding system of Pagamea duckei Standl. (Rubiaceae) were studied at the Reserva Biológica da Campina, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Floral morphology suggested that P. duckei is a distylous species. However, crossing experiments revealed that it is functionally dioecious. The flowers are actinomorphic, yellowish, produce nectar and a sweet odor, which is more intense in the morning. Anthesis started in the morning between 5.00 and 6.00 AM and extended until dusk, when the corolla tube abscissed. The flowers were visited mostly by bees of the genus Melipona. Pagamea duckei is not agamospermic and thus needs pollen vectors for effective pollination. The results of this study strengthen the idea that, in Pagamea, species with distylous flower morphology are actually functionally dioecious

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Estudos taxonômicos das subespécies micropholis guyanensis (a. dc.) pierre subsp. duckeana (baehni) t. d. penn., micropholis guyanensis (a. dc.) pierre subsp. guyanensis e micropholis guyanensis (a. dc.) pierre subsp. 3 (sapotaceae juss.): uma abordagem biossistemática

The genus Micropholis, has been studied by several authors and recently, Pennington (2006) proposed three subspecies to Micropholis guyanensis (A. DC.) Pierre, based on the variation of morphological characters presented by the species, such as shape and size of the leaf, and length of the petiole. However, this species has a broad geographical distribution and in the region of Manaus-AM the overlap of these morphological characters does not contribute, in most cases, for the distinction of these subspecies. The general objective of this dissertation was to perform a biosystematic study with the specie Micropholis guyanensis, with a broader approach, using reproductive, micromorphologic and morphometric data (Analysis Multivariate of Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) for 14 characters of leaves and flowers), to clearly sustain the subspecies delimitation. The results showed that there is a large continuum between the subspecies M. guyanensis subsp. guyanensis, M. guyanensis subsp. duckeana and M. guyanensis subsp. 3 not being possible characterize them as distinct. Therefore, the results suggest, considering not only the morphological differences, but also that these subspecies are sympatric that Micropholis guyanensis guyanensis, M. guyanensis subsp. duckeana and M. guyanensis subsp. 3 should be regarded simply as a highly variable specie, in their vegetative characters and in the floral reproductive mode.Pennington (2006) propôs três subespécies para Micropholis guyanensis (A. DC.) Pierre, com base na variação de caracteres morfológicos apresentados pela espécie, como a forma e tamanho de folha e comprimento do pecíolo. Entretanto, esta espécie possui ampla distribuição geográfica e, na região de Manaus, AM, a sobreposição dos caracteres morfológicos não contribui, na maioria das vezes, para sua distinção. O objetivo geral desta dissertação foi realizar um estudo biossistemático com a espécie Micropholis guyanensis, com utilização de dados reprodutivos, micromorfológicos e morfométricos, através de uma Análise Multivariada de Escala Multidimensional Não Métrica (NMDS) para 14 caracteres de folhas e flores, de forma a sustentar com maior clareza a delimitação, caso existissem, das três subespécies. Os resultados mostraram que existe um grande contínuo entre as três subespécies, não sendo possível caracterizá-las como distintas. Este resultado, associado ao fato destas subespécies serem simpátricas permite afirmar que Micropholis guyanensis subsp. guyanensis, M. guyanensis subsp. duckeana e M. guyanensis subsp. 3 devem ser consideradas, simplesmente, como uma espécie altamente variável, tanto em relação aos seus caracteres vegetativos, quanto em relação aos seus caracteres reprodutivos