Análisis del clima urbano a partir de imágenes de satélite en el centro peninsular español

In this paper, urban thermic island of some cities of central Spain (Madrid, Segovia, Ávila, Guadalajara and Toledo), with very different natural and social characteristics, has been analyzed. Field-city thermic contrasts have been drawn out through NOAA and Landsat images, as well as weather stations data. Diurnal temperatures are often lower inside the cities than on not urbanised areas of their surroundings. This urban thermical anomaly seems to be related to the different heating-cooling rate of the land cover, so «urban heat island» is only apparent by night, while, inversely, during day time these cities show an «urban cool island» in relation to their neighbouring areas. In this way, cities work as heat accumulators during day time and releasing the stored energy during night.Este trabajo analiza la isla térmica urbana de ciudades del centro de España (Madrid, Segovia, Ávila, Guadalajara y Toledo), con características físicas y humanas muy dispares. El contraste térmico campo-ciudad se analiza a partir de la información aportada por los satélites NOAA y Landsat y por las estaciones meteorológicas. Las temperaturas diurnas resultan con frecuencia más bajas en el interior de las ciudades que en las áreas no urbanizadas de su entorno. Esta anomalía térmica urbana diurna parece responder al distinto ritmo de caldeamiento-enfriamiento de los materiales, de modo que la «isla de calor urbana» sólo se manifiesta por la noche, mientras que durante el día las ciudades estudiadas muestran una «isla de frío» respecto a su entorno. Así, las ciudades estarían funcionando como acumuladores térmicos durante el día, y liberando la energía almacenada en todo el entramado urbano por la noche

Discriminación visual y digital de suelos de baja calidad agrícola a partir de imágenes Landsat

This study is based on multitemporal Landsat's images in order to identify low agricultural quality soils in Castilla-La Mancha Autonomous Community. This low class, within soil quality indices, includes, among others, saline soils and floodable areas. These soils can be discriminated through TM and ETM satellite images, with field-work and laboratory support. For saline soils identification, different physical and chemical properties of surface samples have been analysed, correlating these data with Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVi). This Index, used for different dates, has been quite useful in order to discriminate halophytic vegetation, despite recording lesser digital values than in cultivated land, mainly irrigated areas.Este estudio se basa en el análisis de imágenes Landsat multitemporales con el objetivo de identificar suelos con baja calidad agrícola en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha. Esta categoría, dentro de los índices de calidad de suelo, incluye, entre otros, los suelos salinos y áreas con elevado riesgo de inundación. Todos ellos pueden discriminarse mediante imágenes TM y ETM, si bien es preciso el apoyo de trabajo de campo y laboratorio. Para la identificación de los suelos salinos se han analizado diferentes propiedades fisicas y químicas de nuestras superficiales y se han correlacionado estos datos con el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI). Este Índice, escogido para fechas concretas, ha resultado de gran utilidad para detectar vegetación halófita, pese a mostrar valores digitales mucho menores a los suelos cultivados, principalmente los regadíos

ETNOGRAFÍA DEL USO DE LOS HUESOS DE LOS MUERTOS

A very short note to awaken an interest in the etnographic uses that seem to be found in abundance throughout al1 the Mediterranean area. It would be convenient to make a catalogue of these, and this would without a doubt, contribute to throw more light on the subject that we are dealing with in this volume.Brevísima nota para sugerir el interés de usos etnográficos que parecen abundar por toda la geografía mediterránea cuyo catálogo convendría hacer y que sin duda alguna podría contribuir a iluminar el tema del que tratamos en este volumen

LOS MAYOS Y EL PROBLEMA DE LOS PALOMARES

Se describe una curiosa complementariedad entre el uso constatable de «plantar el árbol de mayo» en la noche de las valpurgis (30 de abril al 1 de mayo) para quitarlo en último día del mes de.las flores y la localización geográfica de las cuevas con «columbarios» en La Rioja. En la medida de nuestro conocimiento, donde se plantaba el «mayo» no se dan los columbarios rupestres y en cambio donde hay «columbarios rupestres» no se plantaba el «mayo». Hay, además, otra coincidencia: Los «columbarios» se dan en la Rioja Baja, es decir en la mitad oriental de la región, que coincide con la tierra en la que se puede constatar la difusión del culto a San Bábilas, un santo oriental cuya veneración se extiende también por la baja Navarra. ¿Hay relación entre los tres motivos? ¿Puede aceptarse una difusión de un monacato de origen oriental que hubiera traído a estas tierras el uso de los «columbarios» y el culto a este santo oriental a la vez que hubiera hecho la labor misionera de eliminar el culto pagano que significaría el «arbol de mayo»

Patient profiles as an aim to optimize selection in the second line setting: the role of aflibercept

Aflibercept; Càncer colorectal; Perfil del pacientAflibercept; Cáncer colorrectal; Perfil del pacienteAflibercept; Colorectal cancer; Patient profileColorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. For metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, it is recommended, as first-line treatment, chemotherapy (CT) based on doublet cytotoxic combinations of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) and fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX). In addition to CT, biological (targeted agents) are indicated in the first-line treatment, unless contraindicated. In this context, most of mCRC patients are likely to progress and to change from first line to second line treatment when they develop resistance to first-line treatment options. It is in this second line setting where Aflibercept offers an alternative and effective therapeutic option, thought its specific mechanism of action for different patient’s profile: RAS mutant, RAS wild-type (wt), BRAF mutant, potentially resectable and elderly patients. In this paper, a panel of experienced oncologists specialized in the management of mCRC experts have reviewed and selected scientific evidence focused on Aflibercept as an alternative treatment

Monitoring of RAS mutant clones in plasma of patients with RAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer

Circulating tumor DNA; Liquid biopsy; Metastatic colorectal cancerADN tumoral circulante; Biopsia liquida; Cáncer colorrectal metastásicoADN tumoral circulant; Biòpsia líquida; Càncer colorectal metastàticPurpose Some patients with histologically confirmed primary mCRC and mutated RAS reported undetectable RAS mutant clones in plasma after receiving anti-VEGF treatment. The aim was to prospectively assess it with its potential therapeutic implications. Methods RAS mutant genes in solid biopsy (before first-line treatment: FOLFOX/CAPOX + bevacizumab) were compared in liquid biopsy (before second-line treatment: panitumumab + FOLFIRI), using Idylla™ system. Discordant results between solid/liquid biopsies were assessed by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) test (solid/liquid biopsies). Results Twenty-three patients were assessed (seven had RAS mutant discrepancies between solid/liquid biopsies). The NGS test confirmed that 3/23 (13%) patients had undetectable RAS mutant clones in liquid biopsy and 3/23 (13%) presented discrepancies in solid biopsy (Idylla™ system vs. NGS test). Conclusion Thirteen percentage of patients had undetectable RAS mutant clones in liquid biopsy after first-line treatment. However, some discrepancies between solid and liquid biopsies have been observed. These results suggest a need to improve accuracy of RAS analyses, especially in solid biopsies.This work was supported by Amgen S.A. Amgen did not have any role in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; and the decision to submit the report for publication

LA CUEVA DE CIENTA (ARNEDO-LA RIOJA)

Localization and description. There are archaeological remains in front of the cliff where the cave was excavated whose excavation and study are worth while. The most outstanding characteristics are: the shape of the alveolus, which are a type of spherical caps but don't have sufficient base for an animal to nest. There are three situated in the main place of te principal front that have also excavated a sort of beard. There are graffiti in the spaces between the alveolus, at least two of which are Christian. With these characteristics this cave can only be a "columbarium".Localización y descripción. Restos arqueológicos delante de la peña en la que está horadada la cueva, que valdría la pena excavar y estudiar. Características más destacables: forma de los alvéolos, que son a modo de casquetes esféricos y no tienen base suficiente para que en ellos pueda anidar animal alguno. Hay tres que tienen vaciada lo que podríamos denominar la «barba». Grafitos por los espacios entre los alvéolos, de los que al menos dos son inscripciones cristianas. Con tales características esta cueva sólo puede ser un «columbario»

ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES SOBRE LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA HISTORIA EN ENFERMERÍA.

The opinion standing for the uselessness of historic knowledge equals to state the irrelevance of Humanistic Sciences related to the advances of Humanity and Nursing. This myth could be shown by the consideration of the subject ‘History of Nursing’ as a ‘soft’ subject compared with others. This would take us to identify the economical-technical usefulness with progress, to the detriment of others areas of knowledge which cover different utility criteria. Consequently, the interest shown by Nursing students and their environment (family, friends, partners) towards historic knowledge is an important matter for the professional Nursing development as an intellectual speculative discipline. Our first investigation hypothesis attempts to prove this sociocultural happening within a sample of students from first to third year of their Degree in Nursing, matriculated at the Nursing Schools of the University of Murcia. We developed a descriptive research by the use of a written questionnaire which inquired about personal data of the own students and their relatives (sex, age, grade of studies, etc…) and by an assessment of the subjects from the study program according to the importance found to their education as future nurses. It was completed during February 2003, under participating observation.La opinión de que el conocimiento histórico no es útil (1) equivale a la irrelevancia de las ciencias humanísticas con relación al avance de la humanidad y de la Enfermería. Este paradigma explicativo se reflejaría en la consideración académica de la asignatura Historia de la Enfermería como una asignatura “blanda” frente a otras de carácter técnico-clínico-instrumental. Lo que nos llevaría a identificar lo útil económico-técnico con el progreso, en detrimento de otras áreas de conocimiento que responden a otros criterios de utilidad (1,2,3). Consecuentemente, la consideración prestada por el alumno de Enfermería y su entorno cercano (familia, amigos, compañeros) al conocimiento histórico es un factor importante en el desarrollo de la profesión enfermera como una disciplina intelectual y, por ende, con dimensión especulativa. Nuestra hipótesis primera de investigación intenta mostrar este fenómeno sociocultural en una muestra de alumnos/as de la Diplomatura de Enfermería, matriculados en la Universidad de Murcia, determinando el grado de importancia relativa asignado por los alumnos a la asignatura Historia de la Enfermería

Distribution and salinity tolerance of the invasive isopod Synidotea laticauda in the Guadalquivir estuary (SW Spain): Field and laboratory observations

Trabajo presentado en ECSA 56 (Coastal systems in transition: From a 'natural' to an 'anthropogenically-modified' state), celebrado en Bremen del 4 al 7 de septiembre de 2016.The effects of the exotic species in native communities are unpredictable and ecological studies should be required for environmental management. In Europe, the exotic species Synidotea laticauda has been introduced in several estuaries but there was not any previous biological study about these non-native populations. The spatio-temporal field distribution of S. laticauda in the last 30 km of the Guadalquivir estuary (salinities 0 to 30) was assessed during 7 years (August 1997-June 2004) by sampling at each new moon with a mesh size net of 1 mm. Survival and osmoregulatory patterns of the species under different experimental salinity conditions were also estimated. This exotic species is a permanent resident of the estuary, with presence of juveniles and adults during most of the year, but showing maximum densities in the warmest period (summer to early autumn). Spatial patterns were closely related to the salinity gradient: the highest densities were observed between 10 and 30 of salinity, with a maximum at 20 (≈ isosmotic point). In fact, the isopod is a weak osmoregulator, which maintains the osmolality of the hemolymph partially independent of the medium osmolality (in a salinity range of 5 to 25). Moreover, survival experiments showed a high tolerance (mortality < 30%) to sudden salinity changes between 2 and 35 and virtually no mortality in salinities (15-25) close to the isosmotic point (20). Osmoregulatory and survival patterns were not dependent on sex but they seemed to be specific-dependent on salinity acclimation. Although it is a euryhaline species, its weak osmoregulatory capacity explains its salinity-dependent distribution pattern. Our results provide a framework to predict the distribution of this invasive species under sceneries of climate change and consequent freshwater scarcity.N

La cueva de Páceta: Castro Bilibio (La Rioja) – ¿Un oratorio rupestre?

Descripción de una cueva labrada, situada al pie del risco de Bilibio, en el que según la tradición vivió San Felices, y que interpretamos como monacal por su tipología y rasgos diferenciadores que entendemos la adornan