The information management in palliative care

According to the patient’s autonomy law (Law 41/2002, of November 14), is the patient who has the right to be informed and the owner of the information it receives. It has developed a structured interview was administered randomly to the relatives of the patients in the care process Palliative Care Unit (PCU) of the Virgen de las Nieves Hospital of Granada, to assess the level of awareness about this law. In addition to assessing the level of knowledge that the patient has about their diagnosis / prognosis. The data obtained in this study contrast with the Act, where less than half of patients, according to their families, know their disease and a lower figure is reported fourth of its forecast. Also, most advanced patient relatives are against the law of patient autonomy. This requires that more professionals we strive to achieve a communicative process that brings the patient to his reality and support in their last phase of life

Reseñas

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Endocytic regulation of alkali metal transport proteins in mammals, yeast and plants

The relative concentrations of ions and solutes inside cells are actively maintained by several classes of transport proteins, in many cases against their concentration gradient. These transport processes, which consume a large portion of cellular energy, must be constantly regulated. Many structurally distinct families of channels, carriers, and pumps have been characterized in considerable detail during the past decades and defects in the function of some of these proteins have been linked to a growing list of human diseases. The dynamic regulation of the transport proteins present at the cell surface is vital for both normal cellular function and for the successful adaptation to changing environments. The composition of proteins present at the cell surface is controlled on both the transcriptional and post-translational level. Post-translational regulation involves highly conserved mechanisms of phosphorylation- and ubiquitylation-dependent signal transduction routes used to modify the cohort of receptors and transport proteins present under any given circumstances. In this review, we will summarize what is currently known about one facet of this regulatory process: the endocytic regulation of alkali metal transport proteins. The physiological relevance, major contributors, parallels and missing pieces of the puzzle in mammals, yeast and plants will be discussed.This work was supported by grant BFU2011-30197-C03-03 from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain). V.L.-T. is supported by a fellowship from the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia. C. P. is supported by a fellowship from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain).Mulet Salort, JM.; Llopis Torregrosa, V.; Primo Planta, C.; Marques Romero, MC.; Yenush, L. (2013). 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Precariedad, exclusión social y modelo de sociedad: lógicas y efectos subjetivos del sufrimiento social contemporáneo (IV). Innovación docente en Filosofía

El PIMCD “Precariedad, exclusión social y modelo de sociedad: lógicas y efectos subjetivos del sufrimiento social contemporáneo (IV). Innovación docente en Filosofía” constituye la cuarta edición de un PIMCD que ha recibido financiación en las últimas convocatorias de PIMCD UCM, de los que se han derivado actividades de formación para estudiantes de Grado, Máster y Doctorado y al menos 3 publicaciones colectivas publicadas por Ediciones Complutense, Siglo XXI y Palgrave McMillan

Reconocimiento taxonómico de seis especies arbustivas de encinos (Quercus secc. Quercus: Fagaceae)

ABSTRACT: In the genus Quercus there are groups of species with similar morphological characters that complicate their identification. The species Quercus cordifolia Trel., Q. deliquescens C. H. Mull., Q. intricata Trel., Q. microphylla Née, Q. mohriana Buckley y Q. striatula Trel., conform one of those groups, in which species are difficult to recognize among them; all of them have a shrubby habit, stellate trichomes beneath the small leaves, and some of them have a sympatric distribution. Therefore, with the intention to obtain diagnostic data that allow recognition of each species of this group and its corresponding taxonomical status, we performed a critical analysis of the protologues, type images and other specimens available in virtual herbaria, and a review of herbaria; the localities where most of the type specimens were collected, were also visited, and all available morphological characters with emphasis in the foliar trichomes observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy were analyzed. The results allowed the taxonomic recognition of the six species previously described. The trichomes, fruits, leaves (indument, shape, margins, number of secondary veins, and consistency) provide the characters that together allow recognition of each of the species of this group.RESUMEN: En el género Quercus existen grupos de especies con caracteres morfológicos semejantes, que dificultan su identificación. Quercus cordifolia Trel., Q. deliquescens C. H. Mull., Q. intricata Trel., Q. microphylla Née, Q. mohriana Buckley y Q. striatula Trel., integran uno de esos grupos, éstas especies son difíciles de reconocer entre sí, todas presentan hábito arbustivo, tricomas estrellados que recubren el envés de las hojas, y algunas tienen distribución simpátrica. Con la intención de obtener datos diagnósticos que permitan reconocer a cada una de las especies de este grupo y su estatus taxonómico correspondiente, se analizaron críticamente los protólogos, las imágenes de los tipos y de otros especímenes disponibles en herbarios virtuales; se realizó revisión en herbarios y se visitaron las localidades de recolecta de los tipos de la mayoría de las especies incluidas en este estudio, se analizaron todos los caracteres morfológicos disponibles, enfatizando en los tricomas foliares observados al microscopio electrónico de barrido. Los resultados permitieron reconocer taxonómicamente las seis especies referidas. Los tricomas, el fruto y las hojas (indumento, forma, margen, número de venas secundarias y consistencia) aportan los caracteres que en conjunto permiten reconocer a las seis especies de éste grupo

La oferta de la prueba rápida del VIH en la calle dentro del ámbito universitario: ¿una estrategia prioritaria? Street outreach rapid HIV testing in university settings: a priority strategy?

Objetivo: Evaluar un programa que ofertaba la prueba del VIH en el medio universitario, analizando la prevalencia de la infección, las conductas de riesgo, los antecedentes de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y la realización de la prueba. Métodos: En octubre-noviembre de 2008 y noviembre-diciembre de 2009, 1668 personas se realizaron la prueba rápida en un dispositivo móvil en campus universitarios de Madrid, Málaga y Salamanca, y cumplimentaron un breve cuestionario mientras esperaban el resultado. Resultados: El 15,7% eran hombres que habían tenido relaciones sexuales con hombres, el 28,6% eran hombres exclusivamente heterosexuales y el 55,7% mujeres. El 73,3% eran menores de 25 años, el 8,5% habían nacido en el extranjero y sólo el 4% no tenía estudios secundarios. En los 12 meses previos, el 51% de los hombres heterosexuales, el 42% de las mujeres y el 6,3% de los hombres que habían tenido sexo con hombres tuvieron una pareja ocasional de distinto sexo sin haber usado siempre el preservativo. Un 41,5% de los hombres que habían tenido sexo con hombres refería este tipo de conducta con parejas masculinas. Al 24,7% de los hombres que habían tenido sexo con hombres, al 14,7% de las mujeres y al 5,6% de los hombres heterosexuales les habían diagnosticado alguna ITS. Se encontraron cuatro positivos, todos hombres que habían tenido sexo con hombres con prueba en los últimos 2 años, con una prevalencia entre ellos del 1,6% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 0,43-3,95) y global del 0,2% (IC95%: 0,07-0,62). Conclusiones: Pese a la alta frecuencia de prácticas de riesgo, la baja prevalencia de la infección y los antecedentes de la prueba hacen pensar que los campus universitarios no son una localización prioritaria para el desarrollo de estos programas, que tendrían un mayor impacto y más eficiencia en otras poblaciones más vulnerables.<br>Objective: To evaluate an HIV testing program in the university environment by analyzing the prevalence of infection, risk behaviors and history of sexually transmitted infections and by performing HIV tests. Methods: During October-November of 2008 and November-December of 2009, 1668 persons received rapid HIV testing in a mobile unit located in university campuses in the cities of Madrid, Málaga and Salamanca (Spain). While waiting for the test results, participants completed a brief questionnaire. Results: A total of 15.7% were men who had sex with men (MSM), 28.6% were exclusively heterosexual men (HTX), and 55.7% were women. Nearly three-quarters (73.3%) were under 25 years of age, 8.5% were born abroad and only 4% had no secondary education. Fifty-one percent of HTX, 42% of women and 6.3% of MSM had casual sexual partners in the past 12 months without always using a condom. This behavior was also reported by 41.5% of MSM with same sex partners. A sexually transmitted infection had previously been diagnosed in 24.7% of MSMs, 14.7% of women and 5.6% of HTX. Four positive results were found, all in MSM who had been tested in the previous 2 years. The prevalence was 1.6% (95% CI: 0.43-3.95) within this group, and 0.2% overall (95% CI: 0.07-0.62). Conclusions: Despite the high frequency of risk behaviors, the low prevalence of HIV infection and the history of HIV testing suggest that university campuses are not a priority location to develop these programs, which would achieve greater impact and efficiency in more vulnerable populations

Loss of function of the chloroplast membrane K+/H+ antiporters AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 alters the ROS and NO metabolism but promotes drought stress resilience

Potassium (K) exerts key physiological functions such as osmoregulation, stomatal movement, membrane transport, protein synthesis and photosynthesis among others. Previously, it was demonstrated in Arabidopsis thaliana that the loss of function of the chloroplast K Efflux Antiporters KEA1 and KEA2, located in the inner envelope membrane, provokes inefficient photosynthesis. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of the loss of function of those cation transport systems in the metabolism of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Using 14-day-old seedlings from Arabidopsis double knock-out kea1kea2 mutants, ROS metabolism and NO content in roots and green cotyledons were studied at the biochemical level. The loss of function of AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 did not cause oxidative stress but it provoked an alteration of the ROS homeostasis affecting some ROS-generating enzymes. These included glycolate oxidase (GOX) and NADPH-dependent superoxide generation activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and both NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme activities. NO content, analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), was negatively affected in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs in kea1kea2 mutant seedlings. Furthermore, the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) protein expression and activity were downregulated in kea1kea2 mutants, whereas the tyrosine nitrated protein profile, analyzed by immunoblot, was unaffected but the relative expression of each immunoreactive band changed. Moreover, kea1kea2 mutants showed an increased photorespiratory pathway and stomata closure, thus promoting a higher resilience to drought stress. Data suggest that the chloroplast osmotic balance and integrity maintained by AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 are necessary to keep the balance of ROS/RNS metabolism. Moreover, these data open new questions about how endogenous NO generation might be affected by the K/H transport located in the chloroplasts.The projects PID 2019-103924 GB-I00 (MICIT) and P18-FR-1359 (Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación), Spain, financed the research by ASM, SGG, JMP, and FJC, and the grant BIO 2015–65056 P (MINECO, Spain) that of MNAS, PRR and KV

Identification of Aryl Polyamines Derivatives as Anti-<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Agents Targeting Iron Superoxide Dismutase

Chagas disease (CD) is a tropical and potentially fatal infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Although CD was limited to Latin America as a silent disease, CD has become widespread as a result of globalization. Currently, 6–8 million people are infected worldwide, and no effective treatment is available. Here, we identify new effective agents against T. cruzi. In short, 16 aryl polyamines were screened in vitro against different T. cruzi strains, and lead compounds were evaluated in vivo after oral administration in both the acute and chronic infections. The mode of action was also evaluated at the energetic level, and its high activity profile could be ascribed to a mitochondria-dependent bioenergetic collapse and redox stress by inhibition of the Fe-SOD enzyme. We present compound 15 as a potential compound that provides a step forward for the development of new agents to combat CD