Lessons from New Orleans: A Stronger Role for Public Defenders in Spurring Indigent Defense Reform

Excessive caseloads prevent public defenders from fulfilling their ethical obligations and curtail criminal defendants’ right to the effective assistance of counsel. Despite this ethical and constitutional dilemma, legislators have been reluctant to provide adequate funds for indigent defense. And because of the separation of powers, courts have been unable to force legislators’ hands. Against this backdrop, criminal defendants in states that choose not to adequately fund indigent defense face a serious risk of wrongful conviction. The Orleans Public Defenders Office (OPD) provides a case study of public defenders playing a stronger role in spurring legislative reform. In response to a funding crisis in Louisiana, the OPD refused to take new cases beyond constitutionally permissible workloads. This refusal resulted in criminal defendants being put on waiting lists for representation, which garnered national attention, gave rise to class action lawsuits against the state, and created a threat to public safety. These are governance problems that legislators prioritize over funding indigent defense. The OPD’s refusal to take new cases has been somewhat successful: in response to this crisis, the state legislature has provided additional funds to public defenders’ offices in the state. Public defenders are in a unique position to put pressure on legislators. By refusing to take new cases that would cause their workloads to be excessive, public defenders can both maintain their obligations to the profession and ensure constitutional representation for their clients

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF MOTIVATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POSITIVE EXPERIENCES AT SCHOOL AND SELF-EFFICACY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION STUDENTS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of motivation on the relationship between positive experiences at school and the self-efficacy of Physical Education students. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 350 Grade 12 students of the 7 national high schools under the division of Davao del Sur, Region XI. The researcher utilized stratified random sampling and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized statistical tools such as mean, Pearson r, regression and med graph using the Sobel z- test. From the results of the study, it was found that there is a very high level of motivation, a very high level of positive experiences at school and a very high level of self-efficacy among PE students. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between positive experiences at school and self-efficacy, between motivation and positive experiences at school and between motivation and positive experiences at school and between motivation and self-efficacy among PE students. Further, it was revealed that there was full mediation on the effect of motivation on the relationship between positive experiences at school and self-efficacy. This implies that the positive experiences at school convey motivation of Physical Education students

Karakterisitik Fisiko-Kimia Dan Sensori Bakso Ikan Gabus (Channa Striata) Dengan Penambahan Genjer (Limnocharis Flava)

The purposes of this research were investigated the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of snakehead fish ball with yellow velvetleaf addition. The research was conducted on January until March 2016. The research method was used randomized block design (RBD). The treatments were 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of yellow velvetleaf addition. The parameters of this research was chemical analysis such as water content, ash content, protein content, lipid content, carbohydrate content, and fiber; physical analysis were elasticity; colour and sensoric analysis (texture, taste, colour and aroma). The results showed that treatment gave significant effect on ash content, water content, ash content, protein content, and fiber content; lightness and sensoric analysis (taste and colour), but there were no effect to lipid content, carbohydrate content and elasticity, chrome and hue. The concentration of water, ash, protein, and fiber were 63.32%-69.27%, 1.21%-6.44%, 14.69%-20.61%, 0.93%-5.65% respectively. The lightness of this fish ball were54.23%-6676%. Color sensory analysis of fish ball were 3.28-3.86 and taste were 3.17-3.36. The best treatments were A2 (10% yellow velvetleaf addition)

Bekatul Padi sebagai Sumber Produksi Minyak dan Isolat Protein

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan bekatul padi sebagai bahan bakuuntuk memperoleh minyak bekatul murni dan isolat protein. Ekstraksi minyakdilakukan dengan menggunakan pelarut n-heksan (food grade) dilanjutkandengan proses pemurnian yang meliputi penghilangan gum, penghilanganmalam, netralisasi asam lemak dengan larutan natrium hidroksida dan prosespemucatan dengan zeolit sebagai adsorben. Isolat protein di peroleh melaluiproses ekstraksi protein dari bekatul bebas lemak dengan larutan natriumhidroksida pada pH 9,5 yang dilanjutkan dengan presipitasi protein pada pH 4,5.Dengan cara di atas dalam penelitian ini diperoleh minyak bekatul kasar 14,01%b/b dan minyak bekatul murni sebanyak 22,13% dari minyak bekatul kasar.Komposisi asam lemak dari minyak bekatul murni adalah asam palmitat (C16:0)17,03%, asam oleat (C18:1 ω-9) 34,29%, asam linoleat (CI8:2 ω-6) 46,02% danasam α-linolenat (C18:3 ω-3) 2,66%. Kandungan protein total dari bekatul bebaslemak adalah 11,4%. Isolat protein yang dihasilkan mengandung 50,2% proteindengan perolehan kembali 70,1% dari berat protein dalam bekatul. Kualitasminyak bekatul murni telah memenuhi persyaratan mutu untuk minyak bekatul.Akan tetapi karena perolehan minyak bekatul murni yang rendah dan bilanganasam dari minyak bekatul kasar yang tinggi, maka mungkin minyak bekatul kasarini lebih cocok sebagai sumber produksi asam lemak jenuh atau derivat esternya

Print Mass Media Strategies in Central Java and Yogyakarta Provinces to Survive the Disruption Era

The emergence of the internet, which has the power of convergence and multiplatform, terminates the information boundaries. The information flow streaming through the internet creates numerous changes in various lifelines. One of the changes that are experienced is the information shift from print to online. This condition significantly affects print media companies, where customers and advertisers in newspapers begin migrating to a new platform, the internet. It becomes a big challenge for print media in addition to production costs that increase every year. In this era, if the print media do not immediately take action to adapt and innovate, it will be difficult to survive. Observing this development, it is essential to research to determine the strategies implemented by print media companies that currently exist to survive the disruption era. This study implemented a qualitative research method. This study’s results indicate that the print media's survival strategies are innovation, collaboration, maintaining good relationships with customers, and strengthening the journalistic content production to be more attractive. &nbsp

Perbanyakan Nematoda Patogenik Serangga (Rhabditida: Steinernema dan Heterorhabditis) pada Media In Vitro Cair Statik

Entomopathogenic nematodes belongingto genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are potentiallymost effective and safe biological control agents for insectpests, especially for soil dwelling insects and those living incryptic habitats. Field application of the nematodes is stillhampered by supply of large number of infective juvenile(IJ) nematodes. Five published in vitro media along with itstwo modifications were tested for mass propagations of twoindigenous nematodes (H. indicus PLR2 and SteinernemaT96) and one commercial strain (S. carpocapsae #25).Varying levels of IJ yields were observed across thereplications and experiments. Medium F that contained 1.0%yeast extract, 2.5% egg yolk, and 4.0% soy oil yielded thehighest IJ numbers of H. indicus PLR2 (1.5×105 IJ ml-1) andof S. carpocapsae #25 (2.9×105 IJ ml-1), whereas the widelyused medium B, which is based on homogenized chickenoffal (40%), yielded the highest number of Steinernema T96(5.8×104 IJ ml-1). The IJ’s quality, as measured by theirmorphometrics and pathogenicities, were generallyimpaired, indicating the lack of essential nutrient(s) in themedia. Optimization of the propagation media is thereforestill needed to increase IJ’s quantity and quality to achievethe required standard for commercial scale of artificialpropagation

Identification of physical activity and sedentary behaviour dimensions that predict mortality risk in older adults: Development of a machine learning model in the Whitehall II accelerometer sub-study and external validation in the CoLaus study.

Identification of new physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) features relevant for health at older age is important to diversify PA targets in guidelines, as older adults rarely adhere to current recommendations focusing on total duration. We aimed to identify accelerometer-derived dimensions of movement behaviours that predict mortality risk in older populations. We used data on 21 accelerometer-derived features of daily movement behaviours in 3991 participants of the UK-based Whitehall II accelerometer sub-study (25.8% women, 60-83 years, follow-up: 2012-2013 to 2021, mean = 8.3 years). A machine-learning procedure was used to identify core PA and SB features predicting mortality risk and derive a composite score. We estimated the added predictive value of the score compared to traditional sociodemographic, behavioural, and health-related risk factors. External validation in the Switzerland-based CoLaus study (N = 1329, 56.7% women, 60-86 years, follow-up: 2014-2017 to 2021, mean = 3.8 years) was conducted. In total, 11 features related to overall activity level, intensity distribution, bouts duration, frequency, and total duration of PA and SB, were identified as predictors of mortality in older adults and included in a composite score. Both in the derivation and validation cohorts, the score was associated with mortality (hazard ratio = 1.10 (95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.15) and 1.18 (1.10-1.26), respectively) and improved the predictive value of a model including traditional risk factors (increase in C-index = 0.007 (0.002-0.014) and 0.029 (0.002-0.055), respectively). The identified accelerometer-derived PA and SB features, beyond the currently recommended total duration, might be useful for screening of older adults at higher mortality risk and for diversifying PA and SB targets in older populations whose adherence to current guidelines is low. National Institute on Aging; UK Medical Research Council; British Heart Foundation; Wellcome Trust; French National Research Agency; GlaxoSmithKline; Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine; Swiss National Science Foundation

Bringing LTL Model Checking to Biologists

The BioModelAnalyzer (BMA) is a web based tool for the development of discrete models of biological systems. Through a graphical user interface, it allows rapid development of complex models of gene and protein interaction networks and stability analysis without requiring users to be proficient computer programmers. Whilst stability is a useful specification for testing many systems, testing temporal specifications in BMA presently requires the user to perform simulations. Here we describe the LTL module, which includes a graphical and natural language interfaces to testing LTL queries. The graphical interface allows for graphical construction of the queries and presents results visually in keeping with the current style of BMA. The Natural language interface complements the graphical interface by allowing a gentler introduction to formal logic and exposing educational resources

Baseline Characteristics And Risk Factors For Ulcer, Amputation And Severe Neuropathy In Diabetic Foot At Risk: The Brazupa Study

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Studies on diabetic foot and its complications involving a significant and representative sample of patients in South American countries are scarce. The main objective of this study was to acquire clinical and epidemiological data on a large cohort of diabetic patients from 19 centers from Brazil and focus on factors that could be associated with the risk of ulcer and amputation. Methods: This study presents cross sectional, baseline results of the BRAZUPA Study. A total of 1455 patients were included. Parameters recorded included age, gender, ethnicity, diabetes and comorbidity-related records, previous ulcer or amputation, clinical symptomatic score, foot classification and microvascular complications. Results: Patients with ulcer had longer disease duration (17.2 +/- 9.9 vs. 13.2 +/- 9.4 years; p < 0.001), and poorer glycemic control (HbA1c 9.23 +/- 2.03 vs. 8.35 +/- 1.99; p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for ulcer were male gender (OR 1.71; 95 % CI 1.2-3.7), smoking (OR 1.78; 95 % CI 1.09-2.89), neuroischemic foot (OR 20.34; 95 % CI 9.31-44.38), region of origin (higher risk for those from developed regions, OR 2.39; 95 % CI 1.47-3.87), presence of retinopathy (OR 1.68; 95 % CI 1.08-2.62) and absence of vibratory sensation (OR 7.95; 95 % CI 4.65-13.59). Risk factors for amputation were male gender (OR 2.12; 95 % CI 1.2-3.73), type 2 diabetes (OR 3.33; 95 % CI 1.01-11.1), foot at risk classification (higher risk for ischemic foot, OR 19.63; 95 % CI 3.43-112.5), hypertension (lower risk, OR 0.3; 95 % CI 0.14-0.63), region of origin (South/Southeast, OR 2.2; 95 % CI 1.1-4.42), previous history of ulcer (OR 9.66; 95 % CI 4.67-19.98) and altered vibratory sensation (OR 3.46; 95 % CI 1.64-7.33). There was no association between either outcome and ethnicity. Conclusions: Ulcer and amputation rates were high. Age at presentation was low and patients with ulcer presented a higher prevalence of neuropathy compared to ischemic foot at risk. Ischemic disease was more associated with amputations. Ethnical differences were not of great importance in a miscegenated population.8National Institutes for Science and Research (INCT)-Diabetes and ObesityNational Center for Science and Technology Development (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq