Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en la población española a partir de la encuesta europea de salud

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) constituye un problema de salud pública en todos los países desarrollados, lo cual es debido por una parte a su elevada frecuencia y por otra a la gravedad que pueden tener sus posibles complicaciones. Constituye uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuente en Atención Primaria (AP); y es en este punto donde se realizan su diagnóstico, intervención terapéutica y seguimiento. El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido conocer la prevalencia de HTA en la población española y conocer los factores de riesgo sociodemográficos que se relacionan con la misma. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio descriptivo y transversal a partir de la base de datos recogidos en la Encuesta Europea de Salud de 2014. El análisis de los resultados pone de relieve que una cuarta parte de la población española es hipertensa y prueba la relación de causalidad entre la HTA y los factores de riesgo edad, baja actividad física y la condición de sobrepeso/obesidad. Estos dos últimos, factores de riesgo modificables y por tanto objetivos de necesaria intervención para conseguir una disminución de la prevalencia de hipertensión y una mayor calidad y esperanza de vida en nuestra población de estudio

R2d2 drives selfish sweeps in the house mouse

A selective sweep is the result of strong positive selection driving newly occurring or standing genetic variants to fixation, and can dramatically alter the pattern and distribution of allelic diversity in a population. Population-level sequencing data have enabled discoveries of selective sweeps associated with genes involved in recent adaptations in many species. In contrast, much debate but little evidence addresses whether "selfish" genes are capable of fixation - thereby leaving signatures identical to classical selective sweeps - despite being neutral or deleterious to organismal fitness. We previously described R2d2, a large copy-number variant that causes nonrandom segregation of mouse Chromosome 2 in females due to meiotic drive. Here we show population-genetic data consistent with a selfish sweep driven by alleles of R2d2 with high copy number (R2d2) in natural populations. We replicate this finding in multiple closed breeding populations from six outbred backgrounds segregating for R2d2 alleles. We find that R2d2 rapidly increases in frequency, and in most cases becomes fixed in significantly fewer generations than can be explained by genetic drift. R2d2 is also associated with significantly reduced litter sizes in heterozygous mothers, making it a true selfish allele. Our data provide direct evidence of populations actively undergoing selfish sweeps, and demonstrate that meiotic drive can rapidly alter the genomic landscape in favor of mutations with neutral or even negative effects on overall Darwinian fitness. Further study will reveal the incidence of selfish sweeps, and will elucidate the relative contributions of selfish genes, adaptation and genetic drift to evolution

Trusts. A Comparative Study.

International audienceA selective sweep is the result of strong positive selection driving newly occurring or standing genetic variants to fixation, and can dramatically alter the pattern and distribution of allelic diversity in a population. Population-level sequencing data have enabled discoveries of selective sweeps associated with genes involved in recent adaptations in many species. In contrast, much debate but little evidence addresses whether "selfish" genes are capable of fixation-thereby leaving signatures identical to classical selective sweeps-despite being neutral or deleterious to organismal fitness. We previously described R2d2, a large copy-number variant that causes nonrandom segregation of mouse Chromosome 2 in females due to meiotic drive. Here we show population-genetic data consistent with a selfish sweep driven by alleles of R2d2 with high copy number (R2d2(HC)) in natural populations. We replicate this finding in multiple closed breeding populations from six outbred backgrounds segregating for R2d2 alleles. We find that R2d2(HC) rapidly increases in frequency, and in most cases becomes fixed in significantly fewer generations than can be explained by genetic drift. R2d2(HC) is also associated with significantly reduced litter sizes in heterozygous mothers, making it a true selfish allele. Our data provide direct evidence of populations actively undergoing selfish sweeps, and demonstrate that meiotic drive can rapidly alter the genomic landscape in favor of mutations with neutral or even negative effects on overall Darwinian fitness. Further study will reveal the incidence of selfish sweeps, and will elucidate the relative contributions of selfish genes, adaptation and genetic drift to evolution