Jane Austen's politeness on screen: between ambivalent submission and defiant self-assertion

In Jane Austen’s novels much of the action takes place at social gatherings, where good mariners and rigorous formalities are the arbitrator of social acceptance or exclusion, and help to maintain social hierarchy and social identities. The cinematic adaptations of Austen’s works announce a change in the fabric of society and the conceptions of politeness. By promoting self-knowledge and independence, these films take the part of me characters, who speak their minds without paying too much attention to good manners and politeness, which are considered as a hindrance to the expression of feelings and as a slavish following of rules verging on hypocrisy.En las novelas de Jane Austen gran parte de Ja acción tiene lugar en las reuniones sociales, en las que las buenas maneras y las estrictas formalidades sirven para arbitrar la aceptación o exclusión sociales, al tiempo que colaboran en la salvaguarda de Ja jerarquía social y las identidades sociales. Las adaptaciones cinematográficas de las obras de Austen proponen una revisión del tejido social y los conceptos de cortesía de la época mediante el énfasis en el autoconocimiento y la independencia de los personajes principales. De esta manera, las películas adoptan una perspectiva contemporánea, alineándose con aquellos personajes que se posicionan abiertamente y rechazan las buenas maneras y la cortesía, a las que se considera un impedimento para la expresión de los propios sentimientos, así como una adherencia incondicional a las normas sociales que raya en la hipocresía

Currency Hedging Strategies Using Dynamic Multivariate GARCH

This paper examines the effect on the effectiveness of using futures contracts as hedging instruments of: 1) the model of volatility used to estimate conditional variances and covariances, 2) the analyzed currency, and 3) the maturity of the futures contract being used. For this purpose, daily data of futures and spot exchange rates of three currencies, Euro, British pound and Japanese yen, against the American dollar are used to analyze hedge ratios and hedging effectiveness resulting from using two different maturity currency contracts, near-month and next-to-near-month contract. We estimate four multivariate volatility models (CCC, VARMA-AGARCH, DCC and BEKK) and calculate optimal portfolio weights and optimal hedge ratios to identify appropriate currency hedging strategies. Hedging effectiveness index suggests that the best results in terms of reducing the variance of the portfolio are for the USD/GBP exchange rate. The results show that futures hedging strategies are slightly more effective when the near-month future contract is used for the USD/GBP and USD/JPY currencies. Moreover, CCC and AGARCH models provide similar hedging effectiveness although some differences appear when the DCC and BEKK models are used.Multivariate GARCH, conditional correlations, exchange rates, optimal hedge ratio, optimal portfolio weights, hedging strategies.

Valoración de la ingesta dietética a nivel poblacional mediante cuestionarios individuales: sombras y luces metodológicas

José María Martin Moreno ([email protected])El desarrollo de la moderna metodología necesaria para caracterizar con rigor la ingesta de individuos y poblaciones data de hace sólo dos décadas, cuando germinó la epidemiología nutricional. La razón del carácter reciente de esta disciplina radica en el hecho de que la valoración de la ingesta dietética a nivel poblacional presenta retos complejos, que sólo van siendo superados a medida que investigamos y mejoramos los instrumentos metodológicos disponibles. En el presente artículo se revisan los métodos alternativos para estimar la ingesta de alimentos y nutrientes en los individuos. Tras una sucinta descripción de los métodos indirectos y directos de valoración del consumo alimentario, que incluye una breve referencia a los biomarcadores y a técnicas mixtas como las de estudios de "dieta total", el artículo se centra en los métodos directos de cuantificación de ingesta alimentaria mediante cuestionarios. Aquí se plantean los fundamentos, ventajas y limitaciones de las opciones alternativas. Tras ello, se pone al día de forma resumida el desarrollo de nuevos diseños de cuestionarios y de técnicas analítico-estadísticas que tienen como fin optimizar la metodología disponible. Finalmente, tras reconocer los avances realizados a la par que las cuestiones pendientes, se concluye afirmando que las aproximaciones que plantean la introducción complementaria de biomarcadores junto a la utilización optimizada de métodos combinados con cuestionarios individuales presentan potencialmente mayor fiabilidad y precisión conjunta para la estimación de la ingesta dietética a nivel poblacional, quedando patente la necesidad de impulsar la investigación que permita mejorar la metodología en este campo.The development of the modern methodology necessary to accurately characterize dietary intake in individuals and population only dates back two decades, when nutritional epidemiology first emerged. The reason for the recentness of this discipline lies in the fact that dietary assessment at the population level presents complex challenges which are only being overcome as we investigate and improve the available methodological instruments. In this paper, alternative methods to estimate food and nutritional intake are reviewed. Following a succinct description of direct and indirect methods to evaluate dietary consumption, including a brief reference to biomarkers and mixed techniques such as "total diet" studies, the article focuses on direct methods of quantifying dietary intake through questionnaires. The basis, advantages, and limitations of alternative options are considered, and subsequently the article summarizes the development of new survey designs and analytical/statistical techniques which aim to optimize the available methodology. The article finally concludes by affirming that the approximations indicated by the complementary introduction of biomarkers, together with the optimized use of combined methods with questionnaires, are potentially the most precise and trustworthy estimations of dietary intake at the population level. In light of both the advances achieved and the pending challenges, it is clear that there is a strong necessity to foster research which will lead to improvement in the methodology in this field

Locally Quasi-Convex Compatible Topologies on a Topological Group

(ii) if (D) is a discrete abelian group of infinite rank, then (mathscr{C}(D)) is quasi-isomorphic to the poset (mathfrak{F}_D) of filters on D (4.5). Combining both results, we prove that for an LCA (locally compact abelian) group (G ) with an open subgroup of infinite co-rank (this class includes, among others, all non-σ-compact LCA groups), the poset ( mathscr{C} (G) ) is as big as the underlying topological structure of (G,τ) (and set theory) allows. For a metrizable connected compact group (X), the group of null sequences (G=c_0(X)) with the topology of uniform convergence is studied. We prove that (mathscr{C}(G)) is quasi-isomorphic to (mathscr{P}(mathbb{R})) (6.9)

Upper body motor function and swallowing impairments and its association in survivors of head and neck cancer: A cross-sectional study

Background Upper body motor function and swallowing may be affected after curative treatment for head and neck cancer. The aims of this study are to compare maximum mouth opening (MMO), temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), cervical and shoulder active range of motion (AROM) and strength, and swallowing difficulty between survivors of head and neck cancer (sHNC) and healthy matched controls (HMC) and to examine the correlations between these outcomes in sHNC. Methods Thirty-two sHNC and 32 HMC participated on the study. MMO, TMD, cervical and shoulder AROM, cervical and shoulder strength, the SPADI shoulder pain and disability indices, the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) score, swallowing difficulty as determined using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the location of disturbances in swallowing, were recorded. Results MMO and cervical and shoulder AROM and strength were significantly lower in sHNC, whereas FAI, SPADI score, EAT-10 and VAS were higher. The MMO, TMD, cervical and shoulder AROM, and cervical shoulder strength values showed significant correlations (some direct, others inverse) with one another. Swallowing difficulty was inversely associated with the MMO, cervical AROM and shoulder strength. Conclusion Compared with controls, sHNC present smaller MMO, lower cervical and shoulder AROM, lower cervical and shoulder strength and higher perception of TMD, shoulder pain and disability and swallowing difficulty. sHNC suffer impaired swallowing related to lower MMO, presence of TMD, cervical AROM and shoulder strength values. Improving these variables via physiotherapy may reduce the difficulty in swallowing experienced by some sHNC.Fondos Estructurales de la Union Europea (FEDER)Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), University of Granad

Currency hedging strategies, strategic benchmarks and the Global and Euro Sovereign financial crises

This paper investigates dynamic currency hedging benefits, with a further focus on the impact of currency hedging before and during the recent financial crises originated from the subprime and the Euro sovereign bonds. We take the point of view of a Euro-based institutional investor who considers passive investment strategies in portfolios holding European, British and US assets. We analyze the impact of the model specification to improve the risk-return tradeoff when currency risk is hedged. Hedging strategies of currency risk, using exchange rates futures and driven by several multivariate GARCH models, depend on the portfolio composition and period analyzed. Dynamic covariance models provide limited evidences of a decrease in hedging rations compared to naïve hedging strategies based on linear regressions or variance smoothing. Nevertheless, those results are coupled with better performances of dynamic covariance models in terms of hedging effectiveness an improved Sharpe ratios. The empirical evidences are observed both in-sample as well as in an out-of-sample exercise

Enseñanza en contexto : la importancia de revelar obstáculos implícitos en docentes

En este trabajo presentamos una investigación cuyo objetivo principal es relevar las opiniones de docentes en activo acerca de la implementación de una propuesta didáctica de enseñanza de ciencias naturales en contexto con enfoque interdisciplinario, ligada a una metodología de desarrollo de proyectos por parte de los estudiantes. La investigación da cuenta de las ventajas y limitaciones señaladas por los docentes que no aplicaron la propuesta con sus respectivos estudiantes, así como de las opiniones de aquellos que sí la implementaron en sus aulas. Estas últimas opiniones revelaron representaciones sociales arraigadas en la comunidad educativa que actuarían como obstáculos implícitos a la hora de implementar propuestas innovadoras.In this paper, we present a research work whose main objective is to reveal the opinions of active teachers about the implementation of a didactic proposal for Natural Sciences in Context, with an interdisciplinary approach, linked to a project-based methodology. The research shows the advantages and limitations indicated by teachers who did not apply the proposal with their respective students, and the opinions of those who did implement it in their classrooms. The latter showed social representations that are rooted in the educational community and would act as implicit obstacles when implementing innovative proposals

The effects of myofascial induction therapy in survivors of head and neck cancer: a randomized, controlled clinical trial

Purpose We aim to evaluate the effects of myofascial induction therapy (MIT) on the sequelae suffered by the survivors of HNC (sHNC). Methods We enrolled 46 sHNC in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), of whom 20 received a MIT protocol and 23 were placed on a waitlist while receiving the recommended treatment for 6 weeks. The MIT protocol included a total of 18 sessions, 3 days a week on alternate days for 6 weeks. Maximal mouth opening, the presence of temporomandibular dysfunction, cervical endurance, active range of motion (AROM), shoulder AROM, handgrip strength, and perceived physical fitness were assessed. Results Maximal mouth opening, temporomandibular dysfunction, cervical endurance, and AROM, affected shoulder abduction and unaffected shoulder flexion and external rotation significantly improved (p < .05) after an MIT protocol, but only cervical AROM and affected shoulder abduction changes were clinically meaningful. No statistically significant changes were observed in the other shoulder AROM, handgrip strength, or physical fitness perception (p > .05). Conclusion A 6-week MIT protocol improves mouth opening, TMD, cervical function (endurance and AROM), affected shoulder abduction and unaffected shoulder flexion, and external rotation AROM in the sHNC. However, no changes were observed in most of the shoulder AROM, muscular strength, or perceived physical fitness. Future studies should perform longer follow-up designs, increase the sample size, and include multimodal treatments to address these sequelae in the sHNC.Fondos Estructurales de la Union Europea (FEDER)University of Granada, Excellence Actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)Junta de Andalucia PI-0171-2020 CSy

Strategies to revitalise agro-food value chains in medium sized cities: the case of Vilanova i la Geltrú

In recent years, large and medium-sized cities around Spain and other European countries have developed strategies to contribute to the recovery of local agro-food value chains. Through approaches that pursue bottom-up participation and the empowerment of local agro-food stakeholders, these strategies aim to preserve and develop local food production and consumption. The present study intends to contribute to the existing literature, through a case study in the municipality of Vilanova i la Geltrú (Catalonia). Two aspects add to the study’s distinctiveness: Firstly, it shows the potential of a specific workshop methodology, the World Café, to promote new idea generation and contribute to the bottom-up formulation of the agro-food strategy. Secondly, the municipality is a coastal, medium-sized city where rapid urbanisation has put pressure on the continuity of agro-food activities.Thanks are due to the municipality of Vilanova i la Geltrú for its support in the workshops