The Contribution of Air Logistics to the Development of Sicilian Economy

The role, played by globalization and the “just in time” supplying logic in present world economic scenario, implies that the opportunity of frequent, quick, safe and low-priced freight deliveries can be considered a key element for competitiveness. For these reasons, transportation systems, in the last years, have been characterized by the diffusion of intermodality and the “hub and spoke” distribution pattern. The phenomenon of organizing freight transport services according to a network and modal integration logic, has involved also the air transport field: to meet the new requirements of freight transportation market, in many cases, airline companies have become “global players”, expanding their network, in order to develop links among the main economic centres in the world. The goods moving by air can be defined as “top range products”; which means that only high value products (“market value” and “need value”) and the perishable ones (from a physical and economic point of view) demand air transport. The research described in this abstract aims at determining the contribution that can derive from air logistics to face a challenging problem: overcoming the peripheral role, in international trade, played by Sicily, which can boast high quality outputs in the agroindustrial sector and in the high technology one. The research consists of the following stages: 1. Analysing the sicilian freight transport system, with regard to the demand-supply relationship, paying particular attention to the commodity typologies mentioned above. 2. Identifying key actions for the air cargo services, in order to make Sicily improve in competitiveness, also taking into account the possibility of connecting Sicily with hub airports. 3. Determining the economic and social impact of the proposed solutions, considering different evolutionary scenarios and using also input-output analysis techniques.

Synthesis of the isoquinoline alkaloid, crispine C

The first total synthesis of the isoquinoline alkaloid, crispine C is described in seven steps using a Henry reaction and the Pictet–Gams variant of the Bischler–Napieralski reaction to effect the key transformations

Early Versus Delayed Treatment With Glatiramer Acetate: Analysis of up to 27 Years of Continuous Follow-up in a US Open-Label Extension Study

BACKGROUND: Glatiramer acetate (GA) is US-approved for relapsing multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVES: To describe GA long-term clinical profile. To compare effectiveness of early start (ES) versus delayed start (DS; up to 3 years) with GA. METHODS: Phase 3 trial participants entered a randomized placebo-controlled period then an open-label extension (OLE) with GA. RESULTS: Overall, 208 out of 251 (82.9%) randomized participants entered the OLE; 24 out of 101 (23.8%, ES) and 28 out of 107 (26.2%, DS) participants completed the OLE. Median GA treatment was 9.8 (0.1-26.3) years. Annualized change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was lower with ES versus DS ( CONCLUSION: GA long-term treatment maintained clinical benefit with a similar safety profile to phase 3 results; a key limitation was that only 25% of participants completed the OLE. Early initiation of GA had sustained benefits versus delayed treatment

Design, synthesis and biological assessment of novel N-substituted 3-(phthalimidin-2-yl)-2,6-dioxopiperidines and 3-substituted 2,6-dioxopiperidines for TNF-α inhibitory activity

Eight novel 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)phthalimidine EM-12 dithiocarbamates 9 and 10, N-substituted 3-(phthalimidin-2-yl)-2,6-dioxopiperidines 11-14 and 3-substituted 2,6-dioxopiperidines 16 and 18 were synthesized as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synthesis inhibitors. Synthesis involved utilization of a novel condensation approach, a one-pot reaction involving addition, iminium rearrangement and elimination, to generate the phthalimidine ring required for the creation of compounds 9-14. Agents were, thereafter, quantitatively assessed for their ability to suppress the synthesis on TNF-α in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mouse macrophage-like cellular screen, utilizing cultured RAW 264.7 cells. Whereas compounds 9, 14 and 16 exhibited potent TNF-α lowering activity, reducing TNF-α by up to 48% at 30 μM, compounds 12, 17 and 18 presented moderate TNF-α inhibitory action. The TNF-α lowering properties of these analogs proved more potent than that of revlimid (3) and thalidomide (1). In particular, N-dithiophthalimidomethyl-3-(phthalimidin-2-yl)-2,6-dioxopiperidine 14 not only possessed the greatest potency of the analogs to reduce TNF-α synthesis, but achieved this with minor cellular toxicity at 30 μM. The pharmacological focus of the presented compounds is towards the development of well-tolerated agents to ameliorate the neuroinflammation, that is, commonly associated with neurodegenerative disorders, epitomized by Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease

Bimetallic Oriented (Au/Cu2O) vs. Monometallic 1.1.1 Au (0) or 2.0.0 Cu2O Graphene-Supported Nanoplatelets as Very Efficient Catalysts for Michael and Henry Additions

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Simion, Andrada, Natalia Candu, Simona M. Coman, Ana Primo, Ivan Esteve-Adell, Véronique Michelet, Vasile I. Parvulescu, and Hermenegildo Garcia. 2018. Bimetallic Oriented (Au /Cu2 O) vs. Monometallic 1.1.1 Au (0) or 2.0.0 Cu2 O Graphene-Supported Nanoplatelets as Very Efficient Catalysts for Michael and Henry Additions. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2018 (44). Wiley: 6185 90. doi:10.1002/ejoc.201801443, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201801443. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] Michael and Henry addition reactions have been investigated using mono (Au and Cu2O) and bimetallic nanoplatelets (Au/Cu2O) grafted onto few-layers graphene (fl-G) films as heterogeneous catalysts by comparison with homogeneous NaOH and K2CO3 ones. In the presence of the heterogeneous catalysts, these reactions occurred in the absence of any extrinsic (NaOH and K2CO3) base with turnover numbers (TONs) at least four orders of magnitude higher. While the homogeneous catalysts provided TONs close to the unity for Au/Cu2O/fl-G this was of the order of 10(7). These reactions also occurred with a very good selectivity to the targeted products. These performances are in line with the basicity of these catalysts demonstrated from CO2 chemisorption measurements. The effect of the nanosize and the interaction of the nanoparticles with the graphene are also important to achieve this high activity.This work was supported by the Ministere de l' Education, de la Recherche et des Affaires Etrangeres (Brancusi Program) of France (PN-III-CEI-BIM-PM, nr. 80BM/2017), UEFISCDI (PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0146, nr. 121/2017) and COST Action CA15106 (CHAOS)Simion, A.; Candu, N.; Coman, SM.; Primo Arnau, AM.; Esteve-Adell, I.; Michelet, V.; Parvulescu, VI.... (2018). Bimetallic Oriented (Au/Cu2O) vs. Monometallic 1.1.1 Au (0) or 2.0.0 Cu2O Graphene-Supported Nanoplatelets as Very Efficient Catalysts for Michael and Henry Additions. European Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2018(44):6185-6190. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201801443S61856190201844Michael, A. (1887). Ueber die Addition von Natriumacetessig- und Natriummalonsäureäthern zu den Aethern ungesättigter Säuren. Journal für Praktische Chemie, 35(1), 349-356. doi:10.1002/prac.18870350136Michael, A. (1894). 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Three-Component Coupling Reactions of Silyl Glyoxylates, Vinyl Grignard Reagent, and Nitroalkenes: An Efficient, Highly Diastereoselective Approach to Nitrocyclopentanols

The sequential vinylation/[1,2]-Brook rearrangement/vinylogous Michael reaction provides (Z)-silyl enol ethers

Epidemiology and cost of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia among patients treated in primary care centres in the valencian community of Spain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Data on the epidemiology and costs related to herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in Spain are scarce; therefore, studies are needed to evaluate the epidemiological and economic impact of HZ and its most common complication, PHN. The present study aimed to estimate the clinical and economic burden of HZ and PHN in Valencia (Spain).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We prospectively analyzed the burden of HZ and PHN and their attributable costs in patients from 25 general practices in the Autonomous Community of Valencia serving 36,030 persons aged > 14 years. All patients with a clinical diagnosis of HZ who attended these centers between December 1^st2006 and November 30^th2007 were asked to participate. Patients included were followed for 1 year.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of the 130 cases of HZ followed up, continued pain was experienced by 47.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 35.6-56.7%) at 1 month after rash onset, by 14.5% (95% CI = 7.8-1.2%) at 3 months, by 9.0% (95% CI = 3.7-14.3%) at 6 months, and by 5.9% (95% CI = 1.5-10.3%) at 12 months. The percentage of patients with PHN increased with age, from 21.4% (95% CI = 8.3-40) in patients < 50 years to 59.2% (95% CI = 44.4-74) in patients ≥ 70 years. The estimated total cost for the 130 HZ cases during the follow-up period was €49,160 ($67,349). Mean cost per patient was €378 (range 53-2,830) ($517, range 73-3,877).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study shows that PHN is a relatively common complication of HZ and that both conditions combined give rise to a significant clinical and economic burden for patients and providers.</p