Ciclagem de Nitrogênio em Sistemas de Integração Lavoura-Pecuaria

Entende-se a ciclagem, como o movimento dos nutrientes entre os diversos compartimentos (atmosfera-planta-animal-solo) do sistema de produção agropecuária. A associação do sistema integração lavoura-pecuária com plantio direto possibilita alta entrada de resíduo vegetal pelo uso de culturas e pastagens tanto gramíneas como leguminosas as quais permitem a disponibilização mais rápida e intensa ou lenta e gradual de nutrientes ao sistema, principalmente na camada superficial. Estudos mostram que 60% a 70% do nitrogênio encontrado na biomassa vegetal é reciclado e novamente absorvido pelas plantas no cultivo. A quantidade de ciclagem de nutrientes pelo animal é definida pela intensidade de pastejo. Em geral, quanto mais animais por unidade de área maior será a ciclagem de nutrientes, porém haverá menor fixação de nutrientes em produto de orígem animal por unidade de forragem ingerida, e ambas as situações são afetadas pela intensidade de pastejo que pode contribuir com o retorno de nutrientes pelas fezes por bovino de 500kg de peso vivo ao sistema, com valores estimados de 22,1g de N, 10,06g de P, 6,12g de K, 21,70g de Ca e 9,47g de Mg

Teores de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides e atividade antioxidante em folhas de Ilex paraguariensis

The objective of this work was to evaluate different solvents and times in the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols, in order to quantify the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in and the antioxidant activity of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 8x3 (solvent x time of extraction) factorial arrangement. The solvent extractors were distilled water and aqueous solutions of ethanol, acetone, and methanol, acidified or not with hydrochloric acid, and the time of ultrasound-assisted extractions were 15, 30, and 45 min. All extractions were finished with a mechanical agitation of 30 min. Samples treated with acidified hydroalcoholic solvents resulted in higher values of total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The extraction using acidified hydroethanol solvent was not affected by the time in the ultrasound. The contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were highly correlated with each other and with the antioxidant activity, especially when it was determined by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power method. Acidified hydroethanol solvent in ultrasound for 15 min is the most suitable extraction condition for the quantification of the contents of total phenolics and flavonoids in and the antioxidant activity of mate leaves.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes solventes e tempos de extração de polifenóis com ultrassom, para quantificar os compostos fenólicos e flavonoides totais e a capacidade antioxidante em folhas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis). O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 8x3 (solvente x tempo de extração). Os solventes foram água destilada e as soluções aquosas de etanol, acetona e metanol, acidificados ou não com ácido clorídrico, e os tempos de extração em banho ultrassônico foram de 15, 30 e 45 min. As extrações foram concluídas com agitação mecânica de 30 min. As amostras tratadas com solventes hidroalcoólicos acidificados apresentaram os maiores valores de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides totais e capacidade antioxidante. A extração com hidroetanol acidificado não foi afetada pelo tempo em ultrassom. Houve correlação entre os teores de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides totais e destes com a capacidade antioxidante, especialmente quando esta foi determinada pelo poder antioxidante redutor do íon ferro. O solvente hidroetanólico acidificado em ultrassom por 15 min é a condição de extração mais apropriada para a quantificação dos teores de compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides e da capacidade antioxidante em folhas de erva-mate

A importância do projeto de extensão de atendimento a equinos (Projeto Carroceiro - UnB) para o bem-estar animal, a saúde coletiva e a formação universitária durante o período da pandemia de COVID-19

Em parceria com a Secretaria de Agricultura do Distrito Federal (SEAGRI-DF), o Hospital Veterinário de Grandes Animais da UnB (HVET-UnB) recebe e presta atendimento aos equídeos maltratados, com suspeita de doenças infectocontagiosas, errantes ou cadastrados nesta Secretaria, por meio da ação de Extensão “Projeto Carroceiro”, oferecendo aos animais atendimentoclínico e cirúrgico, além de exame de imagens, laboratoriais e histopatológicos. Após aprovação da lei que proíbe a circulação de veículos de tração animal, o número de animais abandonados e atendidos pelo HVET-UnB tem aumentado, e mesmo durante a pandemia, 101 equídeos foram atendidos, encaminhados pela SEAGRI-DF. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos atendimentos do Projeto Carroceiro no período citado anteriormente, evidenciando a relevância do Hospital Veterinário na prestação de serviços essenciais para a população, sendo de vital importância para o ensino, o atendimento da atividade de Extensão, cuidados com os pacientes, controle de zoonoses e atuação da Medicina Veterinária na SaúdePública em tempos de pandemia

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora