Territoires de l'expatriation française, entre légitimité politique et appropriation citoyenne

International audienceBased on a global work towards the concept of geopolitical stake adapted to the subject of French expatriation and citizenship, this paper will address the link between individuals –in their diversity and the complexity of their trajectories– and public authorities, through the analysis of the public measures set to their attention. From the development of territorial engineering abroad and citizen involvement, between belonging feelings and representations towards France in the World, these works lay upon a field investigation led in London between 2016 and 2017, in a context of both Brexit and French presidential election. In constrast to the top-down measures imposed by public authorities, we will question the citizen and private alternatives that sometimes bring a more adequate answer to the needs of concerned population , especially in the example brought by the French education system abroad.Prenant appui sur une réflexion globale autour de la notion d'enjeu géopolitique lié à l'expatriation des Français et à la citoyenneté dans le cadre de l'expatriation, cette recherche explorera le lien entre les individus, dans leur diversité et la complexité de leurs parcours, et les pouvoirs publics, par le biais des mesures politiques mises en place à leur attention. Entre développement de l'ingénierie territoriale hors des frontières françaises et implication citoyenne, entre sentiments d'appartenance et représentations de la France dans le monde, ces travaux reposent sur une enquête de terrain menée entre 2016 et 2017 à Londres, dans un contexte post-Brexit et pré-électoral en France. En miroir des mesures top-down imposées par les pouvoirs publics, nous examinerons les alternatives citoyennes et privées qui apportent une réponse parfois plus adéquate aux besoins de la population, particulièrement dans l'exemple de l'enseignement français

La réduction des dents humaines à la transition Pléistocène-Holocène dans le sud-ouest de la France : réévaluation et apports de l’analyse de la structure interne par imagerie 3D

Une réduction de la taille des dents humaines et une simplification de leur forme ont été observées en Europe et débattues en lien avec des changements culturels et environnementaux de la fin du Pléistocène et du début de l’Holocène. Entre autres facteurs, les techniques de cuisson ou la pression démographique ont été proposées comme causes de ces modifications biologiques. Cependant, ces modèles sont toujours débattus et les mécanismes qui ont contribué à la réduction des couronnes ne sont pas entièrement compris à ce jour. Grâce à de nouvelles découvertes et la révision des contextes chronologiques et archéologiques de certains gisements du sud-ouest de la France, une réévaluation la nature des variations des dimensions dentaires a été effectuée pour les individus datés du Magdalénien supérieur, de l’Azilien et du Mésolithique ancien. Des acquisitions microtomographiques d’une partie de l’échantillon ont été réalisées afin de caractériser de manière non invasive la structure interne des dents (épaisseur de l’émail, proportions des tissus dentaires). Si une réduction globale des dimensions dentaires est constatée pour tous les types de dents, elle est plus marquée entre l’Azilien et le Mésolithique ancien. Cette réduction est principalement liée aux changements de volume et d’épaisseur de l’émail, paramètre plastique et écosensible témoignant de variations dans la biomécanique de la mastication. Ces résultats soulignent l’impact des changements environnementaux et culturels du début de l’Holocène. Une révision des modèles impliqués dans ce phénomène de réduction dentaire est proposée. Ainsi, cette approche intégrée, combinant les aspects externe et interne des dents, a permis de dégager des facteurs potentiellement responsables de la variation dentaire observée à la transition Pléistocène-Holocène

Microevolution of outer and inner structures of upper molars in Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene humans

In this study, we investigate outer and inner variations of upper second molars (UM2) for Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene modern humans, at a key-period in our evolutionary history associated with major sociocultural, economic and environmental changes. Non-metric traits have been recorded on 89 UM2 of 66 Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic individuals, and 40 UM2 have been microscanned to assess variations in enamel thickness (ET) distribution and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) shape. Major changes are found between Mesolithic and Neolithic periods: a decrease of the metacone expression combined with an increase of the hypocone development; an increase of the heterogeneity of ET distribution between lingual and buccal cusps; and an increase of the development of the dentine horn tips corresponding to the hypocone and, to a lesser extent, to the metacone. These morphological modifications could be linked to the masticatory functional changes associated with the transition to agriculture

Évolution dentaire dans les populations humaines de la fin du Pléistocène et du début de l’Holocène (19000 – 5500 cal. BP) : une approche intégrée des structures externe et interne des couronnes pour le Bassin aquitain et ses marges / Dental evolution in Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene human populations (19000 – 5500 cal. BP) : a whole crown perspective in the Aquitaine Basin, southwest France, and its margins

Since the Late Pleistocene, a reduction in size and a morphological simplification of human teeth have been observed and arguably linked to cultural and environmental changes. Following new discoveries along with the revision of key archaeological contexts, a re-assessment of the nature of crown variations on more than 1900 teeth is proposed for 176 Late Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Early Neolithic individuals from the Aquitaine Basin and its margins. In particular, a non-invasive assessment of internal tooth structure variability (enamel thickness, dental tissue proportions, enamel-dentine junction morphology) has been performed using 3D imaging methods (microtomography) and geometric morphometrics in order to characterize and interpret dental evolution from a whole crown perspective. Results from the morphometric analyses show a discontinuity between Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene populations. External dimensions, enamel thicknesses and tissue proportions are reduced in Mesolithic individuals compared to those of the Late Paleolithic, while major differences are observed in occlusal wear patterns and enamel distribution between Mesolithic and Early Neolithic samples. These data suggest that environmentally-driven modifications during the Early Holocene had a major impact on dental reduction in human populations and that Neolithic cultural changes had mostly affected enamel distribution. Finally, a correlation between occlusal wear pattern and enamel thickness distribution is observed and associated with dietary changes. In particular, enamel thickness may have rapidly evolved as a selective response to functional changes in masticatory biomechanics

The Value of Paratracheal Lymphadenectomy in Esophagectomy for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus or Gastroesophageal Junction: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Esophageal adenocarcinoma; Nodal metastases; Upper mediastinal lymphadenectomyAdenocarcinoma esofágico; Metástasis ganglionares; Linfadenectomía del mediastino superiorAdenocarcinoma esofàgic; Metàstasis ganglionars; Limfadenectomia del mediastí superiorBackground The role of upper mediastinal lymphadenectomy for distal esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas remains a matter of debate. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of evidence on the incidence of nodal metastases in the upper mediastinum following transthoracic esophagectomy for distal esophageal or GEJ adenocarcinoma. Methods A literature search was performed using Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases up to November 2020 to include studies on patients who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with upper mediastinal lymphadenectomy for distal esophageal and/or GEJ adenocarcinoma. The primary endpoint was the incidence of metastatic nodes in the upper mediastinum based on pathological examination. Secondary endpoints were the definition of upper mediastinal lymphadenectomy, recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy rate and survival. Results A total of 17 studies were included and the sample sizes ranged from 10-634 patients. Overall, the median incidence of upper mediastinal lymph node metastases was 10.0% (IQR 4.7-16.7). The incidences of upper mediastinal lymph node metastases were 8.3% in the 7 studies that included patients undergoing primary resection (IQR 2.0-16.6), 4,4% in the 1 study that provided neoadjuvant therapy to the full cohort, and 10.6% in the 9 studies that included patients undergoing esophagectomy either with or without neoadjuvant therapy (IQR 8.9-15.8%). Data on survival and RLN palsy rates were scarce and inconclusive. Conclusions The incidence of upper mediastinal lymph node metastases in distal esophageal adenocarcinoma is up to 10%. Morbidity should be weighed against potential impact on survival

Correlates of physical activity among colorectal cancer survivors:Results from the longitudinal population-based profiles registry

Contains fulltext : 172219.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)PURPOSE: Physical activity can improve health of cancer survivors. To increase physical activity levels among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors, we need to understand which factors affect physical activity. Therefore, this study examined the longitudinal relationship between symptom-related, functioning-related, and psychological barriers and socio-demographic and clinical factors with physical activity among CRC survivors. METHODS: CRC survivors identified from the population-based Eindhoven Cancer Registry (ECR) diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 were included. Survivors completed validated questionnaires measuring moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and barriers in 2010(T1), 2011(T2), and 2012(T3). Linear-mixed models and linear regression techniques were used. RESULTS: Response rates were 74 % (N = 2451, T1); 47 % (N = 1547, T2); and 41 % (N = 1375, T3). Several factors were negatively associated with MVPA: symptom-related barriers (e.g., fatigue, dyspnea, chemotherapy side effects, pain, appetite loss, and weight loss); psychological barriers (i.e., depressive symptoms and anxiety); functioning-related barriers (e.g., low physical or role functioning, unfavorable future perspective); socio-demographic (i.e., older age, female, no partner); and clinical factors (i.e., obesity). However, no within-subject effects were significantly associated with MVPA. Groups of functioning-related barriers, socio-demographic factors, symptom-related barriers, psychological barriers, and clinical factors explained 11, 3.9, 3.8, 2.4, and 2.2 % of the variance in MVPA at T1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Several functioning-related and symptom-related barriers and few socio-demographic factors were associated with physical activity among CRC survivors. Future interventions to promote physical activity among CRC survivors could benefit by taking into account functioning aspects and symptoms of cancer and its treatment, and assess the causal direction of these associations

3D models related to the publication: Internal tooth structure and burial practices: insights into the Neolithic necropolis of Gurgy (France, 5100-4000 cal. BC)

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of external and internal aspects of human upper permanent second molars from the Neolithic necropolis analyzed in the following publication: Le Luyer M., Coquerelle M., Rottier S., Bayle P.: Internal tooth structure and burial practices: insights into the Neolithic necropolis of Gurgy (France, 5100-4000 cal. BC)

Risk Factors for Failure of Direct Oral Feeding Following a Totally Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy

Càncer d'esòfag; Jejunostomia; NutricióCáncer de esófago; Yeyunostomía; NutriciónEsophageal cancer; Jejunostomy; NutritionRecently, it has been shown that directly starting oral feeding (DOF) from postoperative day one (POD1) after a totally minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy (MIE-IL) can further improve postoperative outcomes. However, in some patients, tube feeding by a preemptively placed jejunostomy is necessary. This single-center cohort study investigated risk factors associated with failure of DOF in patients that underwent a MIE-IL between October 2015 and April 2021. A total of 165 patients underwent a MIE-IL, in which DOF was implemented in the enhanced recovery after surgery program. Of these, 70.3% (n = 116) successfully followed the nutritional protocol. In patients in which tube feeding was needed (29.7%; n = 49), female sex (compared to male) (OR 3.5 (95% CI 1.5–8.1)) and higher ASA scores (III + IV versus II) (OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.0–4.8)) were independently associated with failure of DOF for any cause. In case of failure, this was either due to a postoperative complication (n = 31, 18.8%) or insufficient caloric intake on POD5 (n = 18, 10.9%). In the subgroup of patients with complications, higher ASA scores (OR 2.8 (95% CI 1.2–6.8)) and histological subtypes (squamous-cell carcinoma versus adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated) (OR 5.2 (95% CI 1.8–15.1)) were identified as independent risk factors. In the subgroup of patients with insufficient caloric intake, female sex was identified as a risk factor (OR 5.8 (95% CI 2.0–16.8)). Jejunostomy-related complications occurred in 17 patients (10.3%). In patients with preoperative risk factors, preemptively placing a jejunostomy may be considered to ensure that nutritional goals are met.The previous NUTRIENT II trial was funded by KWF Kankerbestrijding (Dutch Cancer Society, grant number 10495) and Medtronic (20130529)

Altérations taphonomiques et micro-usures dentaires : impact sur la caractérisation des régimes alimentaires

L’étude de la micro-usure dentaire participe à la reconstruction des comportements alimentaires des populations du passé, humaines et animales. En contexte archéologique et paléontologique, les processus taphonomiques peuvent influencer la qualité des surfaces dentaires et entraîner la réduction du nombre d’échantillons observables. Ceci est particulièrement notable dans notre corpus de 19 molaires humaines Cerny (Néolithique, Bassin parisien), où 7 dents présentent des altérations réparties ..