Maahanmuuttajaisät ja heidän tarpeensa terveyspalveluiden asiakkaina : kirjallisuuskatsaus

Tämä opinnäytetyö on osa Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulun ”Women’s health with the focus of intercultural communication in care” -hanketta, jonka tarkoituksena on luoda ja jakaa tietoa sekä kehittää hoitohenkilökunnan ja opiskelijoiden ammatillista osaamista moni- ja interkulttuurisessa hoitotyössä. Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on kuvata maahanmuuttajaisien erityistarpeita ja haasteita terveydenhuoltopalveluille. Työ toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Tutkimusasetelmaa vastaava aineisto löydettiin Cinahl- ja Medline -tietokannoista. Tutkimusartikkelit olivat julkaistu ulkomaisissa vertaisarvioiduissa hoitotieteen julkaisuissa vuosina 2010 - 2016 (n = 9). Tutkimustulokset luokiteltiin kolmeen yläluokkaan: henkilökohtaiset tarpeet, perhelähtöiset tarpeet ja kulttuuriin sopeutumiseen liittyvät tarpeet. Maahanmuuttajaisät ovat ryhmä, joka tarvitsee terveydenhuollon eri palveluissa erityistarpeitaan vastaavaa lähestymistapaa, neuvontaa, valistusta ja tukea. Tarkastellun kirjallisuuden perusteella maahanmuuttajaisien suhteen tulee erityisesti huomioida heidän sopeutumisensa uuteen kulttuuriin ja tähän liittyvät kielelliset, kulttuuriset ja sosiaaliset tarpeet. Isien ja heidän lähipiirinsä terveyspalvelujen tarve on laaja-alaista – terveyskasvatuksesta ja -valistuksesta psykologisiin ja psykiatrisiin palveluihin ja lääketieteellisen informaation tarpeista rokotusneuvontaan.This final project is part of the "Women's health with the focus of intercultural communication in healthcare" -project in the Metropolia University of Applied Sciences. The project aims to create and share information and to develop the professional skills of nurses and students alike in the realm of multi- and inter-cultural nursing. The objective of this final project was to describe the specific needs and challenges of immigrant fathers for health care services. This final project was carried out as a descriptive literature review. The material that matched our study design was found using Cinahl and Medline data bases. The research articles were published in foreign peer-reviewed nursing science publications between the years 2010 - 2016 (n = 9). The results were classified in three different main categories. Immigrant fathers form a group that needs varied health care services catering to their specific needs: sensitive approach, counseling, education and support. Based on studies of immigrant fathers it is vital to take into account their level of acculturation: linguistic, cultural and social needs. Fathers' and their close ones' needs for health care services are extensive ranging from health education to psychological and psychiatric services including medical information and vaccination advice

Generalised Cantor sets and the dimension of products

In this paper we consider the relationship between the Assouad and box-counting dimension and how both behave under the operation of taking products. We introduce the notion of ‘equi-homogeneity’ of a set, which requires a uniformity in the cardinality of local covers at all length-scales and at all points, and we show that a large class of homogeneous Moran sets have this property. We prove that the Assouad and box-counting dimensions coincide for sets that have equal upper and lower box-counting dimensions provided that the set ‘attains’ these dimensions (analogous to ‘s-sets’ when considering the Hausdorff dimension), and the set is equi-homogeneous. Using this fact we show that for any α ∈ (0, 1) and any β, γ ∈ (0, 1) such that β + γ ≥ 1 we can construct two generalised Cantor sets C and D such that dimBC = αβ, dimBD = α γ, and dimAC = dimAD = dimA (C × D) = dimB (C × D) = α

Systematic review of fatty acid composition of human milk from mothers of preterm compared to full-term infants

Background: Fatty acid composition of human milk serves as guidance for the composition of infant formulae. The aim of the study was to systematically review data on the fatty acid composition of human milk of mothers of preterm compared to full-term infants. Methods: An electronic literature search was performed in English (Medline and Medscape) and German (SpringerLink) databases and via the Google utility. Fatty acid compositional data for preterm and fullterm human milk were converted to differences between means and 95% confidence intervals. Results: We identified five relevant studies publishing direct comparison of fatty acid composition of preterm versus full-term human milk. There were no significant differences between the values of the principal saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In three independent studies covering three different time points of lactation, however, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) values were significantly higher in milk of mothers of preterm as compared to those of full-term infants, with an extent of difference considered nutritionally relevant. Conclusion: Higher DHA values in preterm than in full-term human milk underlines the importance of using own mother's milk for feeding preterm babies and raises the question whether DHA contents in preterm formulae should be higher than in formulae for full-term infants. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

Moving on a Whim - Customer Value Creation in MaaS

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a concept that brings together public and private transportation operators, creating a seamless service experience on a single platform. The aim of this study is to improve the understanding of customer value in MaaS. This is achieved by studying how customers of a commercial MaaS provider perceive the value in the service. In particular, the study focuses on discovering 1) the main types of customer value and 2) the main sources of customer value in MaaS. Lastly, the study also addresses how MaaS providers can positively exceed the expectations and desires of their customers. The study consists of literature review on MaaS and customer value creation, and analysis of customer survey results. The quantitative survey answers from 257 respondents are analyzed utilizing methods including Mann-Whitney U and Kruskall-Wallis H tests, and these results are further complemented with findings from open-ended questions. Based on the literature review and empirical findings, the results of the study, and therefore the key issues to consider in service development in MaaS, are the following: 1) The key aspects of customer value in MaaS relate to functionality, costs, reduced effort and risks in using mobility services 2) MaaS can also create value by allowing customers to express their personal values and personality, and by providing services that are customized to personal preferences and situational factors 3) The key sources of customer value in MaaS are the products, yet the usability and features of the platform itself also contribute to value creation 4) To create value for different customer segments, MaaS should include both pay-as-you-go options and service bundles that combine public and private transportation mode

Saatavuuden varmistaminen portfoliomalleillaja toimittajasuhteiden hallinnallamyynnin jälkeisessä palvelussa

Ensuring access to external resources is an important task to companies. Companies cannot survive alone, they are dependent on other party’s resources to some extent. Therefore, it is important to be able to secure constant and stable material flow. The aim of this master’s thesis is to find out, how a buying company can ensure and improve access to external resources. As a case study, there is a multinational electrical manufacturing company, and more accurately, its one business unit. The study investigated especially, how portfolio models and management of power and supplier relations influence on material availability, and these topics were also utilized in theoretical framework of the study. Data of the study has been collected mainly from semi-structured interviews and thematic approach was utilized in the analysis process. As a result of the empirical study, it was created a portfolio model for the case company, and with that the suppliers can be classified systematically. In addition, it was found many other ways to improve access to external resources. Most central findings were impact of life cycle management to procurement process and different kinds of storage agreements with suppliers, such as buffer stocks.Ulkoisten resurssien saatavuuden varmistaminen on tärkeä tehtävä yrityksissä. Yritykset eivät pärjää omillaan, vaan ovat riippuvaisia toisen osapuolen resursseista jollain tasolla. Siksi yrityksille on tärkeää pystyä varmistamaan katkeamaton ja varma materiaalivirta. Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman kohteena on selvittää, millä keinoilla ostava yritys pystyy varmistamaan ja parantamaan ulkoisten resurssien saatavuutta. Tapaustutkimuksen kohteena on monikansallisen sähkötuotteita valmistava yritys, ja tarkemmin sen yksi liiketoimintayksikkö. Tutkimuksessa tutkittiin erityisesti, miten portfoliomallit, voimasuhteiden hallinta ja toimittajasuhteiden hallinta vaikuttavat materiaalien saatavuuteen, ja näitä aihealueita on hyödynnetty myös tutkimuksen teoreettisena viitekehyksenä. Tutkimuksen data on kerätty pääasiassa puolistrukturoiduilla haastatteluilla, ja analyysissä on hyödynnetty temaattista lähestymistä. Empiirisen tutkimuksen tuloksena kohdeyritykselle luotiin portfoliomalli, jolla tavarantoimittajia pystytään luokittelemaan systemaattisesti. Lisäksi löydettiin monia muita keinoja, joilla ulkoisten resurssien saatavuutta voidaan parantaa. Näistä keskeisimpiä löydöksiä olivat elinkaarimallin vaikutus hankintaprosessiin ja erilaiset toimittajien kanssa tehtävät varastointisopimukset, kuten puskurivarastot

ASPA : staattinen koodianalysaattori oppimisen ja jatkuvan palauteen tueksi ohjelmoinnin peruskurssille

For decades there have been arguments how to teach programming in the first programming course (CS1). In addition, supportive intervention methods to improve students' learning and methods to improve assessment process have been widely studied. There are various successful methods to each topic separately, but only a few of them fit for both. In general, varying software tools have been beneficial for both, but they are usually in English and dedicated for a specific course. In LUT University CS1 course with Python is lectured in Finnish. Therefore, ASPA (Abstrakti SyntaksiPuu Analysaattori) was created to satisfy needs for both Finnish and English feedback. ASPA is a static analyser tool, which utilises abstract syntax trees to detect coding convention violations from students' Python file submissions. Feedback is beneficial for the student while studying programming topics and for course staff while assessing student submissions. ASPA and its functionality were validated by expert evaluations, user testing and analysing course submissions.Ohjelmoinnin perusopetuksesta oikeasta totetustavasta on argumentoitu jo vuosikymmeniä. Lisäksi keinoja parantaa opiskelijoiden oppimista ja opetushenkilöstön töiden tarkastusprosessia on tutkittu laajalti. Monet menetelmät toimivat jompaankumpaan tarpeeseen, mutta vain harvat menetelmät edistävät kumpaakin. Näistä harvoista menetelmistä suurin osa hyödyntää jonkinlaista ohjelmistoa. Moni työkalu on saatavilla vain englanniksi ja on lisäksi suunnattu vain tietylle kurssille. LUT-yliopiston Ohjelmoinnin peruskurssin opetuskieli on kuitenkin suomi. Ongelma ratkaistiin kehitettämällä uusi työkalu, ASPA (Abstrakti SyntaksiPuu Analysaattori), joka mahdollistaa palautteen saamisen sekä suomeksi että englanniksi. ASPA on staattinen koodianalysaattori, joka hyödyntää abstraktia syntaksipuuta analysoidessaan opiskelijoiden Python tiedostoja. Palaute on hyödyllistä sekä opiskelijan oppimisen että kurssihenkilöstön arviointiprosessin kannalta. ASPAn toiminnallisuuden validointi suoritettiin asiantuntija- ja testikäyttäjä-arvioinneilla sekä aiempia kurssisuoritteita analysoimalla

Three-year tracking of fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids in healthy children

Objectives: The fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids reflects the dietary fatty acid intake as well as endogenous turnover. We aimed at investigating the potential tracking of plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition in children that participated in a prospective cohort study. Methods: 26 healthy children participated in a longitudinal study on health risks and had been enrolled after birth. All children were born at term with birth weights appropriate for gestational age. Follow-up took place at ages 24, 36 and 60 months. At each time point a 24-hour dietary recall was obtained, anthropometric parameters were measured and a blood sample for phospholipid fatty acid analysis was taken. Results: Dietary intake of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids at the three time points were not correlated. We found lower values for plasma MUFA and the MUFA/SFA ratio at 60 months compared to 24 months. In contrast, total PUFA, total n-6 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) were higher at 60 months. Significant averaged correlation coefficients (average of Pearson's R for 24 versus 36 months and 36 versus 60 months) were found for n-6 LC-PUFA (r = 0.67), n-6/n-3 LC-PUFA ratio (r = 0.59) and arachidonic acid/linoleic acid ratio (r = 0.64). Partial tracking was found for the docosahexaenoic acid/alpha-linolenic acid ratio (r = 0.33). Body mass index and sum of skinfolds Z-scores were similar in the three evaluations. Conclusions: A significant tracking of n-6 LC-PUFA, n-6 LC-PUFA/n-3 LC-PUFA ratio, arachidonic acid/ linoleic acid ratio and docosahexaenoic acid/alpha-linolenic acid ratio may reflect an influence of individual endogenous fatty acid metabolism on plasma concentrations of some, but not all, fatty acids. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel