La langue voyageuse. Le picard et la famille d'Estrées au XIIIe siècle

Up to now, philologists and linguists have all agreed that medieval language is indissociable from its region, and the region indissociable from its language. Through a study of cartularies containing acts written in the vernacular, this article examines the regional French within a triangle formed by the towns of Soissons, Compiègne, and Noyon (a perimeter of a hundred kilometres) and establishes the boundary between Picard and the French of the Île-de-France. The specific case of the d'Estrées family (Pierre, abbott of Compiègne, and Raoul, marshal of France) is evidence that an act in regional French can be written at a considerable distance from the region from which it springs. RésuméJusqu'à maintenant, tous les philologues et linguistes se sont entendus pour lier de façon indissociable la langue médiévale au terroir et le terroir à la langue. Au moyen d'une étude des cartulaires contenant des actes rédigés dans le vernaculaire, cet article se propose d'examiner le français régional dans un triangle formé par les villes de Soissons, Compiègne et Noyon (un périmètre d'une centaine de kilomètres) et d'établir la frontière séparant le picard du français de l'Île-de-France. Le cas particulier de la famille d'Estrées (Pierre, abbé de Compiègne, et Raoul, maréchal de France) atteste qu'un acte en français régional peut être rédigé à une grande distance du terroir source de la langue

La question du secret professionnel dans l’intervention clinique auprès des délinquants adultes

The conditions and the rules of practice in clinical settings limit the client's right to confidentiality. These limits are reviewed in the case of criminologists : some limits are legal while others refer to the context, the expectations and the reticences shared by the speakers in presence.In regard to past crimes and s elf-incrimination, these questions raise fundamental issues both to the level of ethics and administration of the penal justice. Besides the latter, is there a place for moral justice in our social control system

L'accident ou la faute non intentionnelle en droit des assurances privées québécois

L'objet de cet article est de démontrer que la notion d'accident est unique, et correspond exactement aux notions de risque ou de hasard. L'accident est un événement non intentionnel, ou non voulu par l'assuré, ce qu'aucune définition technique ne peut contractuellement écarter. Pour prouver le caractère intentionnel d'un sinistre, il ne suffit pas de démontrer sa forte prévisibilité : il faut surtout prouver que l'assuré a causé le sinistre en étant conscient de son caractère inéluctable ou certain. La négligence ne correspondant pas à la volonté de réaliser le sinistre, mais à l'état d'une personne dont l'esprit ne s'applique pas à ce qu'elle fait ou devrait faire, le sinistre consécutif s'avère accidentel. Sont donc accidentelles, parce que non intentionnelles, les conséquences de la négligence grossière, de la faute lourde ou de l'insouciance grave imputable à l'assuré. La démonstration de cette thèse s'effectue en s'appuyant fortement sur les droits français et canadien, les deux principales sources juridiques consultées par le législateur québécois dans sa réforme du Code civil mise en vigueur en 1976.The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the concept of an accident is unique and corresponds exactly with the concepts of risk and hazard. An accident is an event that is unintentional or undesired by the insured such that no technical definition of the word accident may contractually eliminate it. In order to prove the intentional nature of a loss, the demonstration of a high degree of predictability is inadequate ; it is especially necessary to prove that the insured is the author of the loss while being conscious of its unavoidable or certain nature. Neglect does not correspond to volition for creating a loss, but rather to the state of a person whose mind is not concentrating on what he is doing or should be doing, the ensuing loss is therefore accidental. Hence, gross neglect or serious carelessness on the part of the insured are accidental because they are unintentional. This premise is demonstrated by preponderant recourse to French and Canadian law which served as the main legal sources consulted by the Québec legislator in the Civil Code reform enacted in 1976

An occultation satellite system for determining pressure levels in the atmosphere

A two-satellite microwave occultation system is described that will fix, as an absolute function of altitude, the pressure-temperature profile generated by a passive infrared sounder. The 300 mb pressure level is determined to within 24 m rms, assuming the temperture errors produced by the infrared sensor are not greater than 2 K rms. Error caused by water vapor in the radio path is corrected by climatological adjustments. A ground test of the proposed system is described. A microwave signal propagating between two mountain tops was found to be subject to periods of intense fading. Computer analysis of the raypath between the transmitting and receiving stations indicates that multipath and defocusing were responsible for this fading. It is unlikely that an operational pressure-reference-level system will be subject to the deep fades observed in the ground test, because the phenomena are associated with lower altitudes than the closest approach altitude of an occultation-system raypath

Contrast Response Functions of ON- and OFF-Cells in Motion-Induced Blindness

Motion-Induced Blindness (MIB) is the perceived, spontaneous disappearance of a salient target when it is viewed in the presence of a moving mask, and is believed to be controlled by extrastriate area 5 (Donner et al., 2008). The ON and OFF pathways in the human visual system are responsible for the detection of increments and decrements of light, respectively. The OFF pathway is more sensitive to decrements than the ON pathway is to increments before the middle layers of V1. However, after this point, the sensitivities are comparable in strength. Past experiments in this lab have shown that the ON and OFF pathways retain some differences past V1. The purpose of this study was to further examine the asymmetries between the ON and OFF cell pathways by measuring the perceived MIB under different increment/decrement conditions. This was done by varying the luminance of the mask and target between increments and decrements, with 6 different possible combinations, and measuring the perceived disappearance of the target. Results have shown that decrement targets are harder to mask than increment targets

Lunar radar measurements of the earth's magnetospheric wake Scientific report no. 11

Lunar radar echo measurments to determine size and electron density of earth magnetospheric wak

Evaluating tools to support a new practical classification of diabetes: excellent control may represent misdiagnosis and omission from disease registers is associated with worse control.

To conduct a service evaluation of usability and utility on-line clinical audit tools developed as part of a UK Classification of Diabetes project to improve the categorisation and ultimately management of diabetes