Measuring income inequalities beyond the Gini coefficient

Growing interest in the analysis of interrelationships between income distribution and economic growth has recently stimulated new theoretical and empirical research. Measures such as the head-count ratio for the poverty index or the widely used Gini coefficient are aggregated indicators describing the general extent of inequality without deeper insights into income distribution among households. To derive an indicator accounting for income distribution among income groups, we propose a new approach based on an output oriented DEA model where the input value is unitized to 1 for each country and weights restrictions imposed so as to favour a higher income share in the lower quantiles. We demonstrate the merits of this approach on the quintile income breakdown data of 29 European countries. Prioritizing lower income groups' welfare, countries such as Slovenia and Slovakia can be equally favoured by the new proposed indicator while being assessed differently by the Gini index. An intertemporal analysis reveals a slight deterioration of income distribution in the majority of 29 European countries over the period of 2007–2016 in a Rawlsian sense

Die digitale Transformation in österreichischen Wertschöpfungsnetzwerken

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, einen besseren Einblick in diese Veränderungsdynamik und die betrieblichen Transformationsprozesse zu bekommen und anhand von explorativen empirischen Methoden den digitalen Wandel der industriellen Wertschöpfung in Österreich "praxisnah" nachzuzeichnen. Dabei soll Digitalisierung nicht "anonym im Raum stehen bleiben", sondern versucht werden, diesen Wandel und das Potenzial von neuen Technologien und der Digitalisierung von Produkten und Prozessen anschaulich zu machen. Im Kern steht weiterhin die Frage, inwieweit sich diese interne und externe digitale Transformation auf die Wettbewerbsstrukturen der Unternehmen und ihrer Kooperationspartner auswirkt

Measuring income inequalities beyond the Gini coefficient

Growing interest in the analysis of interrelationships between income distribution and economic growth has recently stimulated new theoretical and empirical research. Measures such as the head-count ratio for the poverty index or the widely used Gini coefficient are aggregated indicators describing the general extent of inequality without deeper insights into income distribution among households. To derive an indicator accounting for income distribution among income groups, we propose a new approach based on an output oriented DEA model where the input value is unitized to 1 for each country and weights restrictions imposed so as to favour a higher income share in the lower quantiles. We demonstrate the merits of this approach on the quintile income breakdown data of 29 European countries. Prioritizing lower income groups’ welfare, countries such as Slovenia and Slovakia can be equally favoured by the new proposed indicator while being assessed differently by the Gini index. An intertemporal analysis reveals a slight deterioration of income distribution in the majority of 29 European countries over the period of 2007–2016 in a Rawlsian sense

Formal model of economy in transition - case of Slovak republic

This paper aims at constructing a model of a small open economy of the Slovak Republic. In essence, the model represents a synthesis of already published modifications of the Mundell - Fleming type of models, describing the market of goods and services in interaction with the money market and paying special attention to foreign trade. As the model construction is aimed at providing a tool for qualitative analyses, the model equations are specified in linear functional form - in order to obtain analytic solutions. Theoretical analyses are confronted with the empirical verification of the constructed model. Not surprisingly, historical experience represented by data on Slovak economy in transition reveals that complex structure of the model degenerates to a much simpler form in early years of transition. It is understood and verified that several economic principles guiding market economies do not apply in transition (e.g. investments evolve independently of interest rates).mathematical economics, Mundell-Fleming model, small open economy, economic transition

Assessing the effects of quality regulation in Norway with a quality regulated version of dynamic DEA Assessing the effects of quality regulation in Norway with a quality regulated version of dynamic DEA Assessing the effects of quality regulation in Norw

Abstract In order to find out why energy-not-supplied in Norway -the most important indicator for the quality of service in the quality-regulation regime there -decreased more pronounced before the introduction of quality-regulation in 2001 than after it, we develop a dynamic quality-DEA-model and apply it to a representative sample of distribution-net operators. Our model enables us to calculate a counter-factual and thus to tentatively answer the question: What would have happened, had there been no quality-regulation? This way we find strong evidence that the quality-regulation in Norway did not have an effect on the behavior of the firms