Eagle-YOLO : An Eagle-Inspired YOLO for Object Detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Scenarios

Funding Information: This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China OF FUNDER grant number 41471333, 61304199. This research was funded by Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology OF FUNDER grant number 2021Y4019, 2020D002, 2020L3014, 2019I0019. This research was funded by Fujian University of Technology OF FUNDER grant number KF-J21012. This research was funded by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program OF FUNDER grant number JCYJ20220530160408019. This research was funded by Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province OF FUNDER grant number 2023A1515011915. This research was funded by the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province of China OF FUNDER grant number 2022GK2020. This research was funded by Hunan Natural Science Foundation of China OF FUNDER grant number 2022JJ30171. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Functional Genomic Analysis of Variation on Beef Tenderness Induced by Acute Stress in Angus Cattle

Beef is one of the leading sources of protein, B vitamins, iron, and zinc in human food. Beef palatability is based on three general criteria: tenderness, juiciness, and flavor, of which tenderness is thought to be the most important factor. In this study, we found that beef tenderness, measured by the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), was dramatically increased by acute stress. Microarray analysis and qPCR identified a variety of genes that were differentially expressed. Pathway analysis showed that these genes were involved in immune response and regulation of metabolism process as activators or repressors. Further analysis identified that these changes may be related with CpG methylation of several genes. Therefore, the results from this study provide an enhanced understanding of the mechanisms that genetic and epigenetic regulations control meat quality and beef tenderness

Establishing chromosomal design-build-test-learn through a synthetic chromosome and its combinatorial reconfiguration

Chromosome-level design-build-test-learn cycles (chrDBTLs) allow systematic combinatorial reconfiguration of chromosomes with ease. Here, we established chrDBTL with a redesigned synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV, synXV. We designed and built synXV to harbor strategically inserted features, modified elements, and synonymously recoded genes throughout the chromosome. Based on the recoded chromosome, we developed a method to enable chrDBTL: CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mitotic recombination with endoreduplication (CRIMiRE). CRIMiRE allowed the creation of customized wild-type/synthetic combinations, accelerating genotype-phenotype mapping and synthetic chromosome redesign. We also leveraged synXV as a "build-to-learn" model organism for translation studies by ribosome profiling. We conducted a locus-to-locus comparison of ribosome occupancy between synXV and the wild-type chromosome, providing insight into the effects of codon changes and redesigned features on translation dynamics in vivo. Overall, we established synXV as a versatile reconfigurable system that advances chrDBTL for understanding biological mechanisms and engineering strains. </p

A Unique Combination of Male Germ Cell miRNAs Coordinates Gonocyte Differentiation

The last 100 years have seen a concerning decline in male reproductive health associated with decreased sperm production, sperm function and male fertility. Concomitantly, the incidence of defects in reproductive development, such as undescended testes, hypospadias and testicular cancer has increased. Indeed testicular cancer is now recognised as the most common malignancy in young men. Such cancers develop from the pre-invasive lesion Carcinoma in Situ (CIS), a dysfunctional precursor germ cell or gonocyte which has failed to successfully differentiate into a spermatogonium. It is therefore essential to understand the cellular transition from gonocytes to spermatogonia, in order to gain a better understanding of the aetiology of testicular germ cell tumours. MicroRNA (miRNA) are important regulators of gene expression in differentiation and development and thus highly likely to play a role in the differentiation of gonocytes. In this study we have examined the miRNA profiles of highly enriched populations of gonocytes and spermatogonia, using microarray technology. We identified seven differentially expressed miRNAs between gonocytes and spermatogonia (down-regulated: miR-293, 291a-5p, 290-5p and 294*, up-regulated: miR-136, 743a and 463*). Target prediction software identified many potential targets of several differentially expressed miRNA implicated in germ cell development, including members of the PTEN, and Wnt signalling pathways. These targets converge on the key downstream cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1, indicating that a unique combination of male germ cell miRNAs coordinate the differentiation and maintenance of pluripotency in germ cells

Differential Expression of miRNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Comparison of Paired Tumor Tissue and Adjacent Normal Mucosa Using High-Throughput Sequencing

We present the results of a global study of dysregulated miRNAs in paired samples of normal mucosa and tumor from eight patients with colorectal cancer. Although there is existing data of miRNA contribution to colorectal tumorigenesis, these studies are typically small to medium scale studies of cell lines or non-paired tumor samples. The present study is to our knowledge unique in two respects. Firstly, the normal and adjacent tumor tissue samples are paired, thus taking into account the baseline differences between individuals when testing for differential expression. Secondly, we use high-throughput sequencing, thus enabling a comprehensive survey of all miRNAs expressed in the tissues. We use Illumina sequencing technology to perform sequencing and two different tools to statistically test for differences in read counts per gene between samples: edgeR when using the pair information and DESeq when ignoring this information, i.e., treating tumor and normal samples as independent groups. We identify 37 miRNAs that are significantly dysregulated in both statistical approaches, 19 down-regulated and 18 up-regulated. Some of these miRNAs are previously published as potential regulators in colorectal adenocarcinomas such as miR-1, miR-96 and miR-145. Our comprehensive survey of differentially expressed miRNAs thus confirms some existing findings. We have also discovered 16 dysregulated miRNAs, which to our knowledge have not previously been associated with colorectal carcinogenesis: the following significantly down-regulated miR-490-3p, -628-3p/-5p, -1297, -3151, -3163, -3622a-5p, -3656 and the up-regulated miR-105, -549, -1269, -1827, -3144-3p, -3177, -3180-3p, -4326. Although the study is preliminary with only eight patients included, we believe the results add to the present knowledge on miRNA dysregulation in colorectal carcinogenesis. As such the results would serve as a robust training set for validation of potential biomarkers in a larger cohort study. Finally, we also present data supporting the hypothesis that there are differences in miRNA expression between adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors of the colon

Development of Lifting and Propulsion Mechanism for Biped Robot Inspired by Basilisk Lizards

The lifting and propulsion mechanism of a novel biped robot inspired by the basilisk lizard's water-walking function has been developed. The movement trajectories of the Watt-I planar linkage are brought out by combining the movement equations of the four-bar mechanism and the coordinate transformation equations, which are used to simulate the foot trajectories of the basilisk lizard, and the lifting and propulsion mechanism of the biped robot walking on water is carried out. The links' parameters are optimized by taking the trajectories overlap ratio as the objective function. The prototype of the biped robot walking on water is manufactured by the results of the kinematic analysis on the robot. And the lifting and propulsion force curve on the robot from water is measured. The experiment results show that the lifting and propulsion system can satisfy the function requirement of the biped robot walking on water

Synthesis of tautomerization-inhibited diamino substituted tetraphenylethene derivatives with different mechanochromisms: the vital role of chlorine

The stereochemistry of tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives with aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics has demonstrated significant value in advanced materials and life sciences. Geometric Z/E-diamino substituted TPE (Z/E-2NH(2)-TPE) suffers from tautomerization and separation. To resolve this problem, pure geometric Z/E diamino and dichloro dual-substituted TPE (Z/E-2Cl-2NH(2)-TPE) molecules were designed precisely and separated via common column chromatography by introducing chlorine. Tautomerization would not occur even after being kept at increased temperature (200 degrees C) for 2 hours or at room temperature for 6 months. The role of chlorine atoms in geometric Z/E-2Cl-2NH(2)-TPE molecules has been deeply elucidated through theoretical computational chemistry methods and intermolecular interaction. Compared with Z/E-2NH(2)-TPE molecules, the Frank-Condon excitation, transition state of the tautomerization process, conical intersection, and photoluminescence in the potential energy surface of Z/E-2Cl-2NH(2)-TPE molecules were similar to those of Z/E-2NH(2)-TPE molecules. The energy barrier of tautomerization seldom clarified the role of the chlorine atoms while enhanced intermolecular interaction provided by chlorine atoms effectively rigidified the conformation of the tautomerization process. Thereafter, different mechanochromism (MC) photochemical properties were probed in depth, which were induced by structure-dependent molecules' H/J-aggregation state and reorganization energy. The tautomerization-inhibited Z/E-2Cl-2NH(2)-TPE molecules with a reactive functional group provided a good template for designing advanced materials

Influence of dislocation density on internal quantum efficiency of GaN-based semiconductors

By considering the effects of stress fields coming from lattice distortion as well as charge fields coming from line charges at edge dislocation cores on radiative recombination of exciton, a model of carriers’ radiative and non-radiative recombination has been established in GaN-based semiconductors with certain dislocation density. Using vector average of the stress fields and the charge fields, the relationship between dislocation density and the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) is deduced. Combined with related experimental results, this relationship is fitted well to the trend of IQEs of bulk GaN changing with screw and edge dislocation density, meanwhile its simplified form is fitted well to the IQEs of AlGaN multiple quantum well LEDs with varied threading dislocation densities but the same light emission wavelength. It is believed that this model, suitable for different epitaxy platforms such as MOCVD and MBE, can be used to predict to what extent the luminous efficiency of GaN-based semiconductors can still maintain when the dislocation density increases, so as to provide a reasonable rule of thumb for optimizing the epitaxial growth of GaN-based devices