Exploiting Tofu Liquid Waste Become Healthy Food by Lactic Acid Bacteria and Determination of Its Cholesterol Levels in Vitro

One of the way to overcome problem contamination of Tofu Liquid Waste (TLW) is by exploiting again the waste so that can yield high economic valuable product. The aim of this study is to make functional beverage from Tofu liquid waste with Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) . The aim of the research was to make a healthy food (yoghurt) from combination of TLW and fresh milk that fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria, such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus and study its activity in degrading cholesterol levels. At the research was conducted by making yoghurt with 5 treatments of TLW concentration (0, 25, 50,75, and 100 ). Result of this research indicate that yoghurt with various of TLW concentration can degrade cholesterol in vitro equal to 63,33 %, so that yoghurt can be made as functional food, Yoghurt with 25% TLW had the good Yoghurt criteria and its organoleptic value not different with control ( %TLW

Fusi Protoplas Interspesifik Khamir Inulinolitik Termostabil Kluveromyces Marxianus Dan Torulospora pretoriensis Isolat Lokal Serta Aplikasinya Pada Produksi High Fructose Syrup (HFS)

Produksi HFS merupakan salah satu industri minuman di Indonesia yang sampai saat ini belum berkembang. Untuk pembuatannya membutuhkan ensim inulinase. Ensim ini mampu diproduksi oleh khamir Torulospora pretoriensis yang merupakan khamir alami, namun aktivitasnya sangat rendah. Sehingga perlu difusikan Kluveromyces marxianus. Dengan harapan nantinya akan menghasilkan HFS yang lebih hiegiene dan mampu menghasilkan gula sintetis yang sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan fusan baru yang unggul dan kompetitif melalui tehnik fusi protoplast, sehingga fusan baru tersebut mampu menghasilkan ensim inulinase dalam jumlah yang tinggi serta dapat diaplikasikan pada proses pembuatan HFS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tehnik fusi protoplas telah dapat menghasilkan fusan baru (fusan 3) yang mampu menghasilkan ensim lebih tinggi (0,1298 IU/ml) dibanding induk Torulospora pretoriensis (0,1045 IU/ml). Pada konsentrasi substrat 2,2 % produksi HFS dihasilkan aktivitas ensim 2,806 IU, gula reduksi 10,111 mg/ml, nilai DE 18,71%, (DP =5,34 ), kadar fruktosa 0,1724 mg/ml dan uji organoleptik, untuk rasa dan warna (netral, agak suka), untuk bau (suka-sangat suka)

Characterization of Yellow Pigmented Bacteria Associated with Gracilaria sp.

Research on the kinship analysis of endophytic bacterial  isolated from Gracillaria sp has been carried out. The presence of bacteria associated with Gracilaria sp. has enabled the use of these bacteria as a source of new bioactive compounds, such as biopigments. The research aims to isolated bacteria from Gracilaria sp., screened their symbiont bacteria that could potentially produce pigments. Sampling Gracilaria sp. conducted in the waters of the Island of  Karimunjawa, Jepara. Furthermore, bacterial isolation was carried out, screening for pigment-producing bacteria and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Research result showed that the symbiont bacteria isolate TK 373 produced consistent pigments after several regenerations, in several types of growth media incubated at room temperature. The results of 16S rDNA identification showed that the TK 373 isolate had the closest relationship with  Pseudoalteromonas sp. with  98.72 % homology

Eksplorasi Jamur Proteolitik Alkali Termotoleran Dari Tanah Kapur Sukolilo Barat Madura

Peran mikroorganisme di dalam berbagai industri telah sangat dikenal di dunia. Berbagai jenis galur mikroorganisme industri merupakan galur-galur unggul dalam menghasilkan berbagai ensim, terutama mikroorganisme yang tergolong kelompok ektremofil.Indonesia merupakan negara tropis yang menjadi salah satu sumber mikroorganisme ekstremofil yang dapatmemenuhi kebutuhan industri, akan ensim yang bersifat alkalis dan termotoleran. Protease alkalis merupakan salah satu ensim yang penting dalam industri.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi jamur alkalofil termotoleran penghasil protease alkalis dari tanah kapur Desa Sukolilo Barat Madura. Isolasi jamur tanah indigenous dilakukan secara selektif  menggunakan medium PDA yang mengandung 2% skim milk pada pH 8. Isolat jamur proteolitik dipelihara dalam medium PDA miring.Produksi ensim dilakukan dengan menggunakan medium Czapeks Dox modifikasi yang mengandung 2% casein dengan pH 8, diikubasi pada 120 rpm, selama 7 hari. Diperoleh 5 isolat jamur indigenous alkalofil termotoleran proteolitik dari genus Aspergillus, yaituA. tamarii PAM10A, A. awamoriPAM10D, A. nigerPAM12A, A.foetidus PAM18A, dan A.flavus   PAM25A dengan aktivitas spesifik ekstrak kasar protease alkalis berturut-turut sebesar 0,1585 U/mg, 0,1715 U/mg, 0,1762 U/mg, 0,1640 U/mg dan 0,1747 U/mg.. Kata Kunci:    kapur, jamur, protease, alkalofil

Characterization And Screening Of Protease, Amylase, And Cellulase From Phylloplane Fungi Isolates Of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.

Mangrove (Avicennia marina) is an important mangrove species, because it has many benefits for human life, including in the ecological scope as a source of food and medicine. These plants can also be used as a source of symbiont mold isolates which can be developed as an alternative to produce bioactive compounds, one of which is enzymes. Enzymes are protein compounds that can catalyze all chemical reactions in biological systems. This study aims to determine whether mangrove symbiont fungi (A. marina) can produce amylase, protease and cellulase enzymes. This research was conducted using a method based on enzyme activity, namely amylase activity with lugol iodine staining, protease activity and cellulase activity with congo red staining. on agar media enriched with 1% skim milk, 1% starch and 1% CMC. The results showed that 4 isolates were able to show potential enzymatic activity to be developed as agents for enzyme production

Pengaruh variasi sumber karbon terhadap aktivitas enzim isolat khamir Ep A dari limbah kulit buah nanas madu (Ananas comocus L.)

Ep A isolate is a yeast isolated from the waste of honey pineapple (Ananas comosus L.). This isolate has enzyme activity like most yeasts. The purpose of this study was to determine what enzymes were produced by Ep A yeast isolates and to analyze the effect of variations in carbon sources on the enzyme activity. The research methods included qualitative enzymatic testing using selective media for amylase, lipase, cellulase and protease, starter production in YEPG medium (Yeast Extract Peptone Glucose) for 24 hours, growth and enzyme activity using YEPG medium with a variation of 2% carbon sources of glucose, fructose and galactose using YEPG media then glucose replaced with 2% fructose and galactose. Growth was measured by cell dry weight, enzyme activity was analyzed by the DNS method. This research used a factorial completely randomized design (RAL). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and Duncan's continued test. The qualitative test results showed that Ep A yeast isolate could only produce amylase enzyme with a clear zone around the colony visible. The highest amylase enzyme activity was produced in the treatment with glucose carbon sources, namely 0.033 U/mL, fructose 0.032 U/mL and galactose 0.031 U/mL. The results of the analysis using the One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant effect (p <0.05) of the variation in the carbon source used. This research shows that Ep A yeast isolate can produce amylase enzymes and amylase activity is influenced by carbon sources

Isolasi bakteri endofit asal tumbuhan mangrove Avicennia marina dan kemampuannya sebagai antimikroba patogen Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella typhi secara in vitro

Avicennia marina is a mangrove species that has potential as an antimicrobial source. The potential of plants as antimicrobials is not only through bioactive compounds, but also through the endophytic microbes that live in them. This study aims to isolate endophytic bacteria from mangrove Avicennia marina and determine their ability as an antimicrobial against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi in in vitrocondition. The sample of Avicennia marina used in this study collected from the Mangkang Mangrove Forest area of Semarang, the parts taken were the roots, stems and leaves. The research methods included isolation of endophytic bacteria, characterization of endophytic bacteria, preparation of tested bacterial cultures, test for antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria supernatant and ethyl acetate extract, and data analysis. This study used a Completely Randomized design, data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's test. The results of endophytic bacteria isolation showed that 3 endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained, namely AM1, AM2, and AM3, which morphologically presumed belongs to the genus Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., and Staphylococcus sp. respectively. The results of the antimicrobial activity test showed that the antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria in Salmonella typhi tended to be greater than in Staphylococcus aureus. The results also showed that ethyl acetate extract did not increase the formed inhibition zone

Eksplorasi Mikroorganisme Termofil Indigenous Dari Sumber Air Panas Gedongsongo Sebagai Penghasil Ensim Termostabil

ABSTRAK Mikroorganisme termofil merupakan suatu sumber untuk mendapatkan ensim ektraseluler termotoleran yang penting dalam indusri. Isolasi bakteri termofil dari dua sampel air yang berasal dari sumber air panas geotermal di Gedongsongo Jawa  Tengah pada lokasi yang telah ditentukan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat-isolat bakteri termofil indigenous  yang potensial menghasilkan ensim amilase, protease dan selulase termotoleran. Isolasi dilakukan dengan medium selektif Skim Milk Agar, CMC Agar dan Nutrien Amilum Agar. Inkubasi dilakukan pada suhu 55oC. Koloni yang menunjukkan aktivitas ensim diisolasi ke dalam medium Nutrient Agar. Uji aktifitas ensim dilakukan pada medium yang mangandung skim milk untuk protease, amilum untuk amilase dan CMC untuk selalulase, inkubasi dilakukan pada 55oC selama 72 jam. Pengamatan morfologi dan sifat gram isolat juga dilakukan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan  4 isolat bakteri proteolitik termotoleran yang terdiri dari 2 isolat gam positif kokus dengan indeks proteolitik tertinggi  1,40;   2 isolat gram negatif kokus dengan indeks proteolitik tertinggi 3.5. Enam isolat bakteri amilolitik termofil  terdiri dari 2 isolat gram positif kokus, 2 isolat gram negatif kokus, satu  isolat gram positif batang dan satu  isolat gram negatif batang . Indeks amilolitik berkisar dari 1,29-2,50.   Tujuh bakteri selulolitik termofil terdiri dari 5 isolat gram positif kokus dengan indeks selulolitik tertinggi 5,0;  satu  isolat kokus gram negatif, dengan indeks selulolitik 7,5 satu isolat batang gram positif dengan indeks selulolitik 3,0. Kata kunci: termofil, bakteri, amilase, protease, selulas

Isolation and Characterization of Mold on Furniture in Biological Laboratory Environment Using Contact Plate Method

The presence of molds in the environment around us can be beneficial or detrimental. Mold can be found in various places, including soil, air, plants, animals, water, and on material surfaces. One of the roles of mold is as a bio-degradator and biodeterioration agent on materials that are still used, so that it will cause harm to humans. This study aims to isolate and characterize the types of molds that exist on the surface of existing materials in the biology laboratory environment of Diponegoro University with the contact plate method. The method used is to attach a contact plate containing PDA to various materials such as tables, chairs, cabinets, and so on, then observe the macroscopic and microscopic morphology. The results obtained were five genera, there are Aspergillus, Penicillium, Eurotium, Rhizopus, and Absidia