2,052 research outputs found

    Planning school lunch workshops

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    Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

    Spermiogenesis in the vermetid gastropod Dendropoma petraeum (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)

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    The structure and maturation of the male gonad of the Mediterranean vermetid gastropod Dendropoma petraeum are described. Histological sections of the gonads were made throughout development and gonad activity was monitored at regular monthly intervals. During tha autumn monts the gonad is very small and is surrounded by a large quantity of connective tissue; it becomes more voluminous from December to August, with the highest growth peak in springtime. The stages of spermatogenesis were also observed and described

    Practical work : Its effectiveness in primary and secondary schools in England

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    We report here on the first of two evaluations of a national project (Getting Practical: Improving Practical Work in Science – IPWiS) designed to improve the effectiveness of practical work in both primary and secondary schools in England. This first baseline evaluation of the effectiveness of practical work is based on a study of a diverse range of 30 practical lessons undertaken in non-selective primary (n = 10) and secondary (n = 20) schools prior to the teachers undertaking a training intervention designed to improve their effective use of practical work. A multi-site case study approach employing a condensed fieldwork strategy was used in which data were collected, using audiotape-recorded discussions, interviews and observational field notes. The analysis, based on work by Millar et al. and Tiberghien, considers what students do and think relative to what their teacher intended them to do and think. In both primary and secondary schools the widespread use of highly structured ‘recipe’ style tasks meant that practical work was highly effective in enabling students (n = 857) to do what the teacher intended. Whilst tasks in primary schools tended to be shorter than in secondary schools, with more time devoted to helping students understand the meaning of new scientific words, neither primary nor secondary teachers’ lesson plans incorporated explicit strategies to assist students in making links between their observations and scientific ideas. As such, tasks were less effective in enabling students to use the intended scientific ideas to understand their actions and reflect upon the data they collected. These findings suggest that practical work might be made more effective, in terms of developing students’ conceptual understanding – an aim of the IPWiS project – if teachers adopted a more ‘hands-on’ and ‘minds-on’ approach and explicitly planned how students were to link these two essential components of practical work

    Growing the Use of Multicultural Literature Through Accretion

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    Children\u27s books play a significant role in students\u27 academic progress as well as in social and cultural learning. The opportunties afforded children through picture books should be a result of intentional choices. In this article, we provide guidance to preservice teachers on intentionally selecting multicultural literature. Current research suggests that authenticity and accuracy are two important elements of multicultural literature. We add to the body of research on multicultural literature by presenting accretion, the concept of expanding breadth of a cultural aspect. Included is a list of suggested picture books that demonstrate three expanded areas of accretion: content, illustrator studies, and awards

    Sipunculus nudus: particulate components of the coelomic fluid and its relationship with brown bodies

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    Corpuscular components of the coelomic fluid were observed in Sipunculus nudus using cytochemical and cytoenzymatic methods. In particular, granulocytes were studied and two different types, based on morphology, chemical composition, and function were distinguished. Cell aggregates, identified as stem cells of type II granulocytes, were also evidenced. Besides, empty vesicles, vesicle fragments, laminar structures and brown bodies were observed. Based on the observation of their structure and ultrastructure, brown bodies were attributed with the function of accumulating foreign material, as well as aged components typical of the coelomic fluid

    Principal-component-based population structure adjustment in the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium data: impact of single-nucleotide polymorphism set and analysis method

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    Population structure occurs when a sample is composed of individuals with different ancestries and can result in excess type I error in genome-wide association studies. Genome-wide principal-component analysis (PCA) has become a popular method for identifying and adjusting for subtle population structure in association studies. Using the Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 (GAW16) NARAC data, we explore two unresolved issues concerning the use of genome-wide PCA to account for population structure in genetic associations studies: the choice of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) subset and the choice of adjustment model. We computed PCs for subsets of genome-wide SNPs with varying levels of LD. The first two PCs were similar for all subsets and the first three PCs were associated with case status for all subsets. When the PCs associated with case status were included as covariates in an association model, the reduction in genomic inflation factor was similar for all SNP sets. Several models have been proposed to account for structure using PCs, but it is not yet clear whether the different methods will result in substantively different results for association studies with individuals of European descent. We compared genome-wide association p-values and results for two positive-control SNPs previously associated with rheumatoid arthritis using four PC adjustment methods as well as no adjustment and genomic control. We found that in this sample, adjusting for the continuous PCs or adjusting for discrete clusters identified using the PCs adequately accounts for the case-control population structure, but that a recently proposed randomization test performs poorly

    Fatal α-PVP and amphetamine poisoning during a sauna and autoerotic practices

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    We describe the sudden death of a middle-aged man while having a sauna under the influence of alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (alpha-PVP) (PM blood concentration: 0.8 mg/L), amphetamine (0.34 mg/L), and other drugs (buprenorphine, benzodiazepines), and engaging in solitary sexual activities. The drugs' effects on the cardio-circulatory system and on body thermoregulation combined with the high temperatures are likely to have been central mechanisms leading to death. The high levels of adrenaline triggered by sexual arousal and the respiratory depression caused by buprenorphine, in association with benzodiazepines, may have also contributed to his death. This previously unreported type of accidental autoerotic death illustrates the risk of using amphetamine-like sympathomimetic drugs (e.g. cathinone derivates) in hot environments such as a sauna, and during sexual activities therein.Non peer reviewe

    Bring the Real World into Your Classroom

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    Do your students enjoy working with practical problems that are real in their world? Have you been searching for resource materials which will encourage students to deal with practical problems in their own community? Fortunately, such materials are currently under development by the USMES project (Unified Science and Mathematics for Elementary Schools). USMES is producing interdisciplinary materials designed to stimulate students to explore relevant issues in the social as well as the natural sciences

    KehittÀmistutkimus: Kiinnostuksen herÀttÀminen kemiaa kohtaan eheyttÀvÀsti taiteen avulla non-formaalissa tiedekerho-oppimisympÀristössÀ

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    Huoli vÀhentyneestÀ kiinnostuksesta kemian opiskelua kohtaan on ollut kansainvÀlisesti esillÀ viime vuosina etenkin kestÀvyysvajeeseen liittyvien globaalien ongelmien kontekstissa. TÀstÀ syystÀ yksi opetussuunnitelmien uudistajien tÀrkeimmistÀ tavoitteista kansainvÀlisesti onkin tehdÀ luonnontieteistÀ kiinnostavampia ja relevantimpia oppilaille. Kiinnostuksen tukeminen on listattu kemian opetuksen tavoitteeksi myös kansallisella tasolla peruskoulun sekÀ lukion opetussuunnitelmien perusteissa. Viime vuosina opetuksen tutkimuksessa on korostunut myös ajatus siitÀ, ettÀ tiedeopetuksessa tulisi korostaa etenkin niitÀ taitoja, joita nykymaailmassa tarvitaan (engl. 21st century skills). TÀmÀ tarkoittaa muun muassa ajattelutaitojen ja luovuuden korostamista tiedeopetuksessa. Jotta jatkossakin voitaisiin turvautua luovien kemianosaajien ammattitaitoon kestÀvyysongelmien ratkaisemiseksi, on tÀrkeÀÀ pyrkiÀ ymmÀrtÀmÀÀn, millÀ tavoin lasten ja nuorten kiinnostusta ja luovuutta voidaan tukea, sekÀ kehittÀÀ konkreettisia oppimiskokonaisuuksia tukemaan kiinnostuksen ja luovuuden kehitystÀ. Myös non-formaalien oppimisympÀristöjen tÀrkeÀ rooli tiedeopetuksessa on ollut esillÀ viime vuosina, ja tiedeopetusta on ehdotettu jÀrjestettÀvÀn koulujen ohella myös muualla. Kiinnostuksen ja motivaation tukeminen sekÀ merkityksellinen oppiminen ovat non-formaalin opetuksen tÀrkeitÀ tavoitteita. Kiinnostusta kemiaa kohtaan pyritÀÀn tÀssÀ pro gradu -tutkielmassa tukemaan eheyttÀvÀsti taiteen avulla tiedekerho-oppimisympÀristössÀ. Kemian ja taiteen yhdistÀmistÀ ei ole ennen tutkittu non-formaalissa kontekstissa, mutta se on tutkitusti perusteltua kiinnostuksen tukemisen, ajattelutaitojen kehittymisen sekÀ merkityksellisen oppimisen nÀkökulmasta. Non-formaalia opetusta on tÀrkeÀÀ kehittÀÀ formaalin opetuksen rinnalla, jotta oppilaille voidaan tarjota mahdollisuuksia kiinnostua kemiasta myös koulun ulkopuolella. TÀmÀ pro gradu -työ on toteutettu kehittÀmistutkimuksena, jossa on kehitetty aiemmasta tutkimuskirjallisuudesta nousseiden asioiden pohjalta kiinnostusta tukeva tiedettÀ ja taidetta eheyttÀvÀ tiedekerhokokonaisuus sekÀ tutkittu millaiset asiat ja työtavat tiedekerhossa herÀttivÀt kiinnostusta tukevia kokemuksia kerholaisissa. Tutkimuksessa vastattiin seuraaviin tutkimuskysymyksiin: 1) Millaisia asioita on otettava huomioon, kun suunnitellaan kemiaa ja taidetta eheyttÀvÀÀ, kiinnostusta tukevaa tiedekerhoa? 2) Millainen on kiinnostusta tukeva kemiaa ja taidetta eheyttÀvÀ tiedekerho? sekÀ 3) Millaiset asiat ja työtavat kemiaa ja taidetta eheyttÀvÀssÀ tiedekerhossa herÀttivÀt kiinnostusta tukevia kokemuksia kerholaisissa? EnsimmÀiseen tutkimuskysymykseen vastattiin teoreettisen ongelma-analyysin sekÀ empiirisen ongelma-analyysin pohjalta. Tarveanalyysiin kerÀttiin aineistoa kerholaisten vanhemmilta sÀhköpostikyselyn avulla. Todettiin, ettÀ tiedekerhon suunnittelussa on tÀrkeÀÀ ottaa huomioon minÀpystyvyyden tukeminen, toiminnallisten työtapojen kuten projektioppimisen kÀyttö sekÀ tutkimuksellisuuden hyödyntÀminen, relevanssi, kemian ja kuvataiteen eheyttÀminen, sekÀ sosiaaliset aspektit. NÀiden pohjalta suunniteltiin toiseen tutkimuskysymykseen vastaten kuuden kerhokerran mittainen kemiaa ja kuvataidetta eheyttÀvÀ tiedekerho, johon sisÀllytettiin projektioppimista sekÀ tutkimuksellisia töitÀ. Kolmanteen tutkimuskysymykseen liittyvÀ aineisto kerÀttiin semistrukturoitujen ryhmÀhaastattelujen avulla. KohderyhmÀnÀ olivat haastattelukerralla paikalla olevat 3.-6.-luokkalaiset kerholaiset (N = 12). Litteroidulle haastatteluaineistolle tehtiin aineistolÀhtöinen sisÀllönanalyysi pelkistÀmÀllÀ aineisto ja ryhmittelemÀllÀ analyysiyksiköt alaluokkiin. Tutkimuksessa todettiin, ettÀ kerholaiset kokivat kiinnostavaksi etenkin kemian ja taiteen yhdistÀmisen, siihen liittyvÀn taiteellisen vapauden, tutkimukselliset työtavat, joissa korostui oppijan autonomia, onnistumisen kokemukset, joita he saivat kemian ja kuvataiteen parissa, ympÀristönÀkökulmat, linkit arkielÀmÀÀn, sekÀ esteettiset nÀkökulmat. Myös kemiallisten reaktioiden yllÀttÀvyys ja tarinat koettiin kiinnostaviksi. Lopputuloksena todettiin teoreettisen ongelma-analyysin pohjalta, ettÀ asiat ja työtavat, jotka kerholaisissa herÀttivÀt kiinnostusta tukevia kokemuksia, ovat linjassa aiemman tutkimuskirjallisuuden kanssa. TÀmÀn tutkielman tuloksia voidaan tulevaisuudessa kÀyttÀÀ pohjana tutkimukselle, jolla pyritÀÀn paremmin ymmÀrtÀmÀÀn tieteen ja taiteen eheyttÀmiseen liittyviÀ asioita kiinnostuksen nÀkökulmasta. Jatkossa olisi syytÀ tutkia tarkemmin sitÀ, millaiset tavat eheyttÀÀ kemiaa ja taidetta ovat mielekkÀimpiÀ kiinnostuksen tukemisen nÀkökulmasta. TÀmÀ pro gradu -tutkielma on keskittynyt lÀhinnÀ kemian ja kuvataiteen eheyttÀmiseen, mutta kuvataiteen lisÀksi kemian opetuksessa olisi syytÀ tutkia myös muiden taidemuotojen eheyttÀmisen hyötyjÀ monipuolistamaan opetusta, tukemaan kiinnostusta, sekÀ tarjoamaan onnistumisen kokemuksia nuorille myös non-formaalissa kontekstissa
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