A study of learning disabilities among adult male legal offenders

This study investigated the prevalence of learning disabilities among adult male prisoners, with learning disability defined by the criteria of the Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude--Revised, (DTLA-2). The study also evaluated the effectiveness of a metacognitive intervention among prisoners enrolled in the General Education Diploma program of the correctional education system and compared prevalence rates of learning disabilities by ethnicity, by status of crime (violent or nonviolent), by length of sentence for which prisoners were incarcerated, and by status of incarceration (whether prisoners are first offenders or multiple offenders). Seventy-five students in a General Education Diploma (GED) program who were school dropouts and incarcerated in a maximum security state penitentiary served as subjects. Their median age was 33.5 and their median grade in school completed was ninth grade. The mean I.Q. was 92.2. Twenty-five of this group served as the control group and were not tested for learning disabilities. Twenty-five were tested on the DTLA-2 and test results were shared with the student and his primary correctional instructor. Twenty-five were tested and test results shared only with the student. GED Test scores available for comparison were in Science, Math, Reading/Literature, Writing, and Social Studies. The results showed overall prevalence of learning disability to be 60%, higher than that reported in the research for learning disability among juvenile delinquents. No significant differences were found between any two groups. Correlations between standard scores of the DTLA-2 subtests and certain GED test scores were positive and significant. No significant differences were found in prevalence of learning disability in comparisons by ethnicity, status of crime (violent or nonviolent), length of sentence, or status of incarceration (first offender or multiple offender). The results document a high level of learning disabilities among adult male prisoners, and support the need to train correctional staff and educators about the implications of learning disabilities. Demographic characteristics of offenders can not serve as predictors of learning disabilities

AN ANALYSIS OF THE QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES INVOLVED IN MID-AGE RETIREMENT FROM THE ARMED FORCES.

Abstract not availabl

Separation of functional subpopulations of murine and human lymphoid cells on colloidal silica density gradients. I. Preparation of the Ludox AM gradient material and characterization of separation capacities.

This report describes a unique modification of an isopycnic density gradient system utilizing as a separating menstrum colloidal silica (Ludox AM). The primary advantages of this preparation are: (1) It is chemically defined, allowing extremely reproducible cell separation employing different lots of material; (2) the physical parameters (pH, density, salt concentration) of the final gradient suspension can be manipulated over a wide range of values, allowing for the separation of many different biological materials; (3) it allows separation of very large numbers of lymphoid cells with greater than 95% recovery of applied cells; (4) separated cellular subpopulations can be easily washed free of silica and cellular function is retained. This paper is a report of the preparation and functional characteristics of the gradient material as it relates to the separation of very large numbers of lymphoid cell subpopulations in both mouse and man. Subpopulations of murine and human lymphocytes separated by this gradient material were assayed for IgM synthesis, T-cell mediated cytotoxicity, and lymphokine production

Separation of functional subpopulations of murine and human lymphoid cells on colloidal silica density gradients. I. Perparation of the ludox amr gradient material and character- ization of separation capacities.

This report describes a unique modification of an isopycnic density gradient system utilizing as a separating menstrum colloidal silica (Ludox AM). The primary advantages of this preparation are: (1) It is chemically defined, allowing extremely reproducible cell separation employing different lots of material; (2) the physical parameters (pH, density, salt concentration) of the final gradient suspension can be manipulated over a wide range of values, allowing for the separation of many different biological materials; (3) it allows separation of very large numbers of lymphoid cells with greater than 95% recovery of applied cells; (4) separated cellular subpopulations can be easily washed free of silica and cellular function is retained. This paper is a report of the preparation and functional characteristics of the gradient material as it relates to the separation of very large numbers of lymphoid cell subpopulations in both mouse and man. Subpopulations of murine and human lymphocytes separated by this gradient material were assayed for IgM synthesis, T-cell mediated cytotoxicity, and lymphokine production

Lymphocyte effector molecules: an vitro production method for obtaining liter volumes of supernatants from mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes.

An in vitro method has been developed utilizing phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated lymphocytes obtained from human tonsils and adenoids which permit the accumulation of multi-liter quantities of cell-free supernatants containing lymphotoxin and other lymphocyte effector molecules (LEM). An enriched media is employed which contains a large molecular weight, heat stable bovine serum fraction which supports lymphoid cell activation and levels of LEM secretion equal to that of cultures maintained in medium supplemented with whole serum. Elimination of whole serum from the media greatly reduces overall protein concentrations and facilitates concentration and purification studies. Various technical aspects of these cultures have been examined, i.e.: 1) cell concentration, 2) kinetics of LT production over a ten-day period, 3) mitogen dosage, and 4) types of media. Supernatants can be harvested repeatedly from a single culture over the ten day period, thus doubling the yield of LEM collected from a single culture