ANALISIS DISPERSI POLUTAN DARI MULTIPLE SOURCES OPERASIONAL PLTU BATUBARA X SEBAGAI MEDIA PERHITUNGAN VALUASI EKONOMI

Abstrak: Dalam kegiatan operasional nya PLTU menghasilkan polutan yang berasal dari gas buang hasil pembakaran kegiatan industri, pembakaran bahan bakar dari transportasi operasional dan tumpukan batu bara yang tertiup oleh angin. Hasil model menunjukkan keadaan udara ambien di sekitar lokasi penelitian terjadi beberapa kejadian dimana konsentrasi polutan menjadi sangat besar melebihi baku mutu, CO pada periode tahunan dengan waktu running 1 jam mencapai 91.489,31 ug/m3, 24 jam mencapai 7.380,355 ug/m3 dan annual sebesar 2.580,604 ug/m3, konsentrasi NOx untuk waktu simulasi 1 jam, 24 jam dan annualsebesar 67.276,63 ug/m3, 4.373,796 ug/m3 dan 183,1157 ug/m3. Konsentrasi SO2pada lokasi penelitian mencapai 32.840,63 ug/m3 untuk 1 jam, 2.089,144 ug/m3 untuk 24 jam dan 51.887 untuk waktu simulasi annual, sedangkan konsentrasi TSP yang terjadi untuk 24 jam sebesar 937,7436 ug/m3 dan 43.4765 ug/m3 untuk waktu simulasi annual. Jika dibandingkan dengan jumlah kejadian dalam setiap waktu simulasi, kondisi konsentrasi yang melebihi baku mutu untuk simulasi 1 jam dan 24 jam tidak ada yang mencapai 0.1 % dari keseluruhan data, bisa di anggap kejadian konsentrasi yang sangat ekstrim terjadi sangat jarang pada setiap waktu simulasi. Beban emisi per tahun yang dihasilkan oleh PLTU menyebabkan biaya tanggung jawab sebesar Rp. 5.766.491.487,23 sebagai biaya pengganti udara yang tercemar dan Rp. 12.060.026.700 untuk pergantian nilai ekonomi change of productivity, sedangkan untuk nilai ekonomi prevention cost untuk menanggulangi penurunan produktivitas tanaman sebesar Rp. 592.703.800 sehingga nilai TEV yang terhasilkan sebesar Rp. 18.419.221.987,23 / Tahun.  Kata kunci: AERMOD, Gaussian, Pemodelan Dispersi, Valuasi Ekonomi Abstract : In its operational activities coal-fired power station produces pollutants derived from the exhaust gases the results of combustion industrial activity , the combustion of fuel of transport operating and a pile of stones coals that blew by the wind. The results of the model showed the state of the air ambient around the location research happened instances where concentration pollutants be huge exceeds of quality standard, CO in the period annual with time running 1 hour reached 91.489,31 ug/m3, 24 hours reached 7.380,355 ug/m3 and annual of 2.580,604 ug/m3, concentration of NOx to the simulation time 1 hour, 24 hours and annual of 67.276,63 ug/m3, 4.373,796 ug/m3 and 183,1157 ug/m3. Concentration SO2 on the site of research reached 32.840,63 ug/m3 for 1 hou, 2.089,144 ug/m3 for 24 hours and 51.887 ug/m3 to the simulation time annual, while concentration the TSP that happens to 24 hour is 937,7436 ug/m3 and 43.4765 ug/m3 for the simulation time annual. Compared to the number of occurrences in any the simulation time , the condition of concentration exceeds of quality standard for the simulations 1 hour and 24 hours of no at 0.1% of the overall data, can be consider scene concentration very extreme happen very rarely in every the simulation time. Burden emission per year produced by coal-fired power to cause the cost responsibility Rp. 5.766.491.487,23 as a charge a substitute for air tainted and Rp. 12.060.026.700 to the economic value change of productivity, while for economic value prevention cost to address the decline in productivity plants Rp. 592.703.800 so that the TEV is Rp. 18.419.221.987,23 / year  Key words: AERMOD, Dispersion model, Economic valuation, Gaussia

Vertical limit: Simulation of a free-falling human body

Consider the problem of how to simulate a 3D human model free-falling from a certain height and reacting impulsively on the external forces around it such as wind forces, gravity and ground impact. Included and considered as external forces are solid objects or obstacles that may get in contact with the model in its trajectory. Since the human body is very dynamic the research will only cover the statistical measurements of the human body and an approximation of its reactive movements

Subclinical vasculopathy and skeletal muscle metrics in the singapore longitudinal ageing study

10.18632/aging.203142Aging131114768-1478

Effects of Carotid Artery Stiffness on Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease and Cognition

10.1161/JAHA.122.027295JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION112

Social Capital and the Quality of Economic Development

There is a surprising gap in the economic literature on social capital. First, we lack studies addressing the effects of social capital on those facets of development that can contribute in making growth more sustainable in the long run, like, for example, human development and social cohesion. Second, it is still unclear what type of networks may exert a positive effect on the different dimensions of development. In particular, the literature has not yet provided a rigorous assessment of the role of strong family ties, that are generally referred to as a form of bonding social capital causing backwardness. This paper investigates the relationship between the three types of social capital so far identified by the literature (i.e. bonding, bridging and linking), and the "quality" of economic development, as expressed by human development and an index of social well-being summarizing the state of health of urban ecosystems, public services, gender equality, and labour markets. Copyright 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Echocardiographic Global Longitudinal Strain Is Associated With Myocardial Fibrosis and Predicts Outcomes in Aortic Stenosis

Aims: Left ventricular ejection fraction is the conventional measure used to guide heart failure management, regardless of underlying etiology. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a more sensitive measure of intrinsic myocardial function. We aim to establish LV-GLS as a marker of replacement myocardial fibrosis on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and validate the prognostic value of LV-GLS thresholds associated with fibrosis.Methods and results: LV-GLS thresholds of replacement fibrosis were established in the derivation cohort: 151 patients (57 +/- 10 years; 58% males) with hypertension who underwent STE to measure LV-GLS and CMR. Prognostic value of the thresholds was validated in a separate outcome cohort: 261 patients with moderate-severe aortic stenosis (AS; 71 +/- 12 years; 58% males; NYHA functional class I-II) and preserved LVEF >= 50%. Primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular mortality, heart failure hospitalization, and myocardial infarction. In the derivation cohort, LV-GLS demonstrated good discrimination (c-statistics 0.74 [0.66-0.83]; P -15.0% (corresponding to 95% specificity to rule-in myocardial fibrosis) had the worst outcomes compared to patients with LV-GLS < -21.0% (corresponding to 95% sensitivity to rule-out myocardial fibrosis) and those between -21.0 and -15.0% (log-rank P < 0.001). LV-GLS offered independent prognostic value over clinical variables, AS severity and echocardiographic LV mass and E/e '.Conclusion: LV-GLS thresholds associated with replacement myocardial fibrosis is a novel approach to risk-stratify patients with AS and preserved LVEF.Cardiolog