Party System Institutionalization: The Case of Chile and Why We Need to Un-Pack the Concept and its Measurement

The analysis of party voter linkages presented in this paper illustrates the risks of conflating party system stability and programmatic structuring in a one-dimensional concept of party system institutionalization, showing that while electoral volatility has remained low over time, programmatic structuring has weakened and party-voter linkages have significantly mutated. Moreover, the data also suggests that social fragmentation and inequality have enabled parties to combine different linkage-types with constituents, thereby minimizing the sustainability trade-offs identified in Kitschelt's original analytical framework. In conclusion, both conceptual innovation and alternative empirical strategies are needed to better describe and explain the heterogeneous and socially segmented linkage strategies that ambitious politicians are crafting in Latin America in pursuit of a winning electoral coalition

Redes de evaluación y su rol en la generación de una cultura de la evaluación : la iniciativa EvalPartners

Fil: Rodríguez-Bilella, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de San JuanFil: Luna, Cecilia . Universidad Nacional de San Jua

Phase Shifter for Millimeter-Wave Frequency Range Based on Glide Symmetric Structures

The use of glide symmetry in radiofrequency devices to introduce dispersive effects has been recently proposed and demonstrated. One of these effects is to control the propagation constant of the structure. Here, we propose a mm-wave phase shifter whose elements have a glide-symmetric configuration to achieve a greater phase shift in the same waveguide space than the non-glide-symmetric case. The glide-symmetric phase shifter is implemented in waveguide technology and is formed by rows of metallic pins that produce the desired phase shift. To assess the better performance of the glide-symmetric phase shifter, it is compared to its non-glide-symmetric version whose metallic pins are located only in one of the broad sides of the waveguide. The operating frequency range of the phase shifter is 67 to 75 GHz. Results show a 180 degree phase shift in regard to the reference waveguide without pins, and 50 degrees more than the non-glide-symmetric version.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The Chilean elections of December 2009 and January 2010

On 13 December 2009, seven million Chileans went to the polls to elect the president who would run their country from 2010 to 2014, as well as lower chamber representatives of the country’s sixty electoral districts. The congressional election was characterized by continuity, with the center-left Concertación (CPD) and the center-right Alianza Por Chile (APC) confirmed as the two dominant congressional blocs. At the party level, the rightist Unión Demócrata Independiente (UDI) continued as the largest single party in electoral terms, while the Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC) continued its gradual but steady decline. The only novelty at the congressional level was the election of three congressional representatives from the Partido Comunista (PC), enabled by a pragmatic pact with the CPD to end its exclusion from the chamber. In terms of voter turnout and citizenship’s participation in elections, this electoral cycle was also characterized by continuity, with turnout reaching 84% of registered voters (close to the average for post-1990 elections), but with the percentage of the eligible population registered to vote dropping to an all-time low of 68%

Addressing the 5G cell switch-off problem with a multi-objective cellular genetic algorithm

© 20xx IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.The power consumption foreseen for 5G networks is expected to be substantially greater than that of 4G systems, mainly because of the ultra-dense deployments required to meet the upcoming traffic demands. This paper deals with a multi- objective formulation of the Cell Switch-Off (CSO) problem, a well-known and effective approach to save energy in such dense scenarios, which is addressed with an accurate, yet rather unknown multi-objective metaheuristic called MOCell (multi- objective cellular genetic algorithm). It has been evaluated over a different set of networks of increasing densification levels. The results have shown that MOCell is able to reach major energy savings when compared to a widely used multi-objective algorithm.TIN2016-75097-P Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

A hydrodynamic model for particle beam-driven plasmon wakefield in carbon nanotubes

Charged particles moving through a carbon nanotube may be used to excite electromagnetic modes in the electron gas produced by π and σ orbitals in the cylindrical graphene shell that makes up a nanotube wall [1]. This effect has recently been proposed as a potential novel method of short-wavelength-high-gradient particle acceleration [2, 3]. In this contribution, first we review the existing theory based on a linearised hydrodynamic model for a non-relativistic, localised point-charge propagating in a single wall nanotube (SWNT) [4]. Then we extend it to the relativistic case. In this hydrodynamic model the electron gas is treated as a plasma with additional contributions to the fluid momentum equation from specific solid- state properties of the gas. The governing set of differential equations is formed by the continuity and momentum equations for the involved species: beam charges, electrons and ions of the lattice. These equations are then coupled by Maxwell’s equations. The ions are assumed to be quasistatic and provide a neutralising background. To solve the differential equation system a modified Fourier-Bessel transform has been applied. Furthermore, a spectral analysis has been realised to determine the plasma modes able to excite a longitudinal electrical wakefield component in the SWNT to accelerate test charges. Eventually, we discuss the suitability and possible limitations of the method proposed in this study for particle acceleration

Evaluating the Effects of Information Sources on Innovation Outcomes: Are There Differences between KIBS and Manufacturing Firms from a Latin America Country

The aim of this paper is analysing the relationships between sources (internal/ external) of information and innovation outcomes (product, service and process) in Peruvian companies. Furthermore, we explore differences and similarities in these relationships when comparing manufacturing firms and knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) firms. This study presents evidence based on the application of a logit model to a sample of 1141 Peruvian companies, comprising 830 manufacturing firms and 311 KIBS firms. Despite the fact that Peruvian companies do not tend to turn to external sources of information or invest in internal R&D activities, we find positive relationships between sources of information and innovation outcomes in both manufacturing firms and KIBS firms—predominantly process innovation in both cases, followed by product (goods) innovation for manufacturing firms and service innovation for KIBS. Our findings indicate that not all external sources of information have positive effects on product, service and process innovation. Thus, managers should consider proper management of the company’s external relations in order to take advantage of these relationships. Moreover, policymakers should promote interrelationships between the actors in the innovation system (e.g., companies, research centres, universities, etc.) thereby generating opportunities for innovation. This paper provides evidence that the configuration of sources of information (especially internal R&D) plays a significant role in innovation outcomes in both manufacturing firms and KIBS firms, specifically in the context of Latin American countries

El cultivo in vitro de esporas y los aspectos reproductivos del helecho anual Anogramma chaerophylla (Pteridaceae)

Anogramma chaerophylla pertenece a un género de helechos con esporofitos anuales y gametofitos potencialmente perennes. En el área de estudio, la Reserva Natural Punta Lara, la vegetación crece bajo estrés debido principalmente a la contaminación y la invasión de especies exóticas. Como parte de un proyecto de conservación de helechos que habitan en la provincia de Buenos Aires, los objetivos del trabajo fueron evaluar en Anogramma chaerophylla las condiciones para la germinación de esporas in-vitro y analizar las distintas etapas de su ciclo reproductivo. Las esporas fueron desinfectadas en solución 10 % de NaCIO durante distintos tiempos y sembradas luego en medio de cultivo Murashige – Skoog, sin agregado de sacarosa. Las cápsulas se incubaron con un fotoperíodo de 12 h luz/oscuridad y una temperatura de 22 (± 2) °C. A las dos semanas germinaron el 80% de las esporas. El patrón de germinación fue tipo Vittaria y el desarrollo del protalo tipo Ceratopteris. Los gametangios aparecieron primero en la región engrosada del protalo donde posteriormente se originaron los tubérculos bisexuales. Los esporofitos se desarrollaron solo en asociación con los tubérculos. Durante su cultivo en macetas, éstos dieron origen a una segunda generación de protalos. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la técnica de cultivo in vitro es apropiada para la propagación de Anogramma chaerophylla y como estrategia para su conservación ex-situ.Anogramma chaerophylla belongs to a fern genus with annual sporophytes and potentially perennating gametophytes. In the studied area, Natural Reserve Punta Lara, the plants grow stressed mainly by pollution and the invasion of exotic species. As a part of a project on conservation of ferns inhabiting Buenos Aires province, the objectives of this work were to evaluate in Anogramma chaerophylla the conditions for in-vitro spore germination and to analyse the different stages of its reproductive cycle. Spores were sterilized in an aqueous solution 10 % of NaCIO during different times and then sown in Petri dishes with Murashige & Skoog medium, without the addition of sucrose. The dishes were kept under laboratory conditions, at 12 h light/ darkness photoperiod and a temperature of 22 (± 2) °C. After two weeks, the percentage of germination was 80%. The spore germination pattern corresponds to the Vittaria type and the prothallus development was Ceratopteris type. Gametangia developed first in the bended thalloid region of the prothallus and then bisexual tubercles originated near this zone. The sporophytes developed only in association with the tubercles. During culture in plastic pots the sporophytes gave origin to a second generation of prothalli. Our preliminary findings demonstrate that the in vitro culture technique is suitable for A. chaerophylla propagation as a strategy for ex-situ conservation.Fil: Luna, María Luján. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Morfología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Yañez, Agustina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Morfología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Ramos Giacosa, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Morfología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Gorrer, Daniel Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Morfología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Berrueta, Pedro Cayetano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Morfología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giudice, Gabriela Elena. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Morfología Vegetal; Argentin

Innovation in Micro Firms that Build Machine Tools: Effects of T-KIBS on Technological and Non-technological Innovations

Purpose – This study aims to evaluate the effects of KIBS on innovation outcomes in micro firms that build machine tools according to the categories of KIBS. Theoretical framework – This article not only contributes to the theory on the innovation process by reinforcing the arguments that micro firms can achieve innovations, but also to the idea that KIBS have a positive influence on technological and non-technological innovation in manufacturing firms. Design/methodology/ approach – To achieve the objective of the study, the Mann-Whitney U Test was used as the analysis technique. A survey was carried out to collect data from 40 micro firms that build machine tools located in the Basque Country (Spain) and Emilia- Romagna (Italy). Findings – The results suggest that KIBS have positive effects on innovations in manufacturing firms. However, there are differences according to the categories of KIBS. For instance, T-KIBS favour technological innovation, while P-KIBS and C-KIBS affect non-technological innovation. In addition, ICT services also have a positive relationship with non-technological innovation. We conclude by highlighting the importance of T-KIBS to confront the challenges of Industry 4.0 and the need for further research to determine the role of KIBS in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Practical & social implications of the research – Micro firms need to enhance their absorptive capacity by increasing ICT and R&D investments, to confront the challenges of Industry 4.0, and given the fact that industry is beginning to incorporate more and more codified sciencebased knowledge. Perhaps hiring T-KIBS would be an appropriate decision for micro firms. Originality/value – This study contributes to the advancement of research involving different category of KIBS and their effects on manufacturing firms’ innovation, especially in micro firms that build machine tools