A weakly non-hydrostatic shallow model for dry granular flows

A non-hydrostatic depth-averaged model for dry granular flows is proposed, taking into account vertical acceleration. A variable friction coefficient based on the $\mu(I)$ rheology is considered. The model is obtained from an asymptotic analysis in a local reference system, where the non-hydrostatic contribution is supposed to be small compared to the hydrostatic one. The non-hydrostatic counterpart of the pressure may be written as the sum of two terms: one corresponding to the stress tensor and the other to the vertical acceleration. The model introduced here is weakly non-hydrostatic, in the sense that the non-hydrostatic contribution related to the stress tensor is not taken into account due to its complex implementation. A simple and efficient numerical scheme is proposed. It consists of a three-step splitting procedure, and it is based on a hydrostatic reconstruction. Two key points are: (i) the friction force has to be taken into account before solving the non-hydrostatic pressure. Otherwise, the incompressibility condition is not ensured; (ii) both the hydrostatic and the non-hydrostatic pressure are taken into account when dealing with the friction force. The model and numerical scheme are then validated based on several numerical tests, including laboratory experiments of granular collapse. The influence of non-hydrostatic terms and of the choice of the coordinate system (Cartesian or local) is analyzed. We show that non-hydrostatic models are less sensitive to the choice of the coordinate system. In general, the non-hydrostatic model introduced here much better reproduces granular collapse experiments compared to hydrostatic models. An important result is that the simulated mass profiles up to the deposit and the front velocity are greatly improved. As expected, the influence of the non-hydrostatic pressure is shown to be larger for small values of the slope

Circulating anti-galectin-1 antibodies are associated with the severity of ocular disease in autoimmune and infectious uveitis

Galectin (Gal)-1, an endogenous lectin found at sites of immune privilege, plays a critical role in the regulation of the immune response. Therapeutic administration of Gal-1 or its genetic delivery suppresses chronic inflammation in experimental models of autoimmunity. The purpose of this work was to investigate the occurrence of circulating anti-Gal-1 antibodies in patients with autoimmune and infectious uveitis as potential determinant factors of disease progression.Fil: Romero, Marta D.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Fundación Ver; Argentina. Laboratorio Inmunopatología Investigación y Docencia LIIDO; ArgentinaFil: Muiño, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Fundación Ver; ArgentinaFil: Bianco, German Ariel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Ferrero, Mercedes. Laboratorio Inmunopatología Investigación y Docencia LIIDO; Argentina. Fundación Ver; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Claudio P.. Fundación Ver; ArgentinaFil: Luna, José Domingo. Fundación Ver; ArgentinaFil: Rabinovich, Gabriel A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Eye drop Self-medication: Comparative Questionnaire-based study of two Latin American cities.

A broad spectrum of ocular symptoms are treated by self-medication with commercial eye-drops.  This behavior threatens individuals' visual health. In Latin America, evidence is poor. Objective:  To  detect,  characterize  and  compare  patterns  of  ophthalmic  self-medication  between  Córdoba (Argentina) and Barranquilla (Colombia).Design:  Analytic, cross-sectional and comparative population-based study. Setting: Two private tertiary care ophthalmology centers from Córdoba, Argentina, and Barranquilla, Colombia.Participants:  Patients 18 years of age or older who consulted for the first time in this two institutions duringAugust-November 2009, were included. A number of 570 patients were enrrolled.Methods:  Data collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. Main outcome measure: To determine thefrequency of self-medication with eyedrops on a specific population of two cities in Latin America.Results:  Comparable  rates  of  ocular  self-medication  were  found  (25.6%  and  25.7%  for  Cordoba  and Barranquilla, respectively). The percentage of men and women who self-medicated was not significantly different between both samples. The major source of eye drops recommendation in the Argentineans patients was the pharmacist (31%); while the social source was predominant in Colombian individuals (53%). In Cordoba, the most frequently used product was a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drop in combination with a vasoconstrictive agent (32%); while in Barranquilla, antibiotic eye drops were preferred (33%). Self-medication was higher between the ages of 31 and 50 years old in Argentinean citizens (28%) and between 18 to 31 years old in the Colombiancommunity (39%). This habit was found mostly in patients who completed university studies in Cordoba (33%); in Barranquilla, individuals with lower educational level practice more this behavior (36%).Conclusion:  In both populations, patients commonly treat ocular conditions by self-medicating. Currently, anincreasing number of eye drops are obtainable without prescription and a high percentage of self-medicated patients in both samples ignore the possible side effects of the used medication.Fil: Marquez, Gabriel. Fundación VER; ArgentinaFil: Hildegard Piñeros-Heilbron. Fundación Oftalmológica del Caribe; ColombiaFil: Sanchez, Victoria M.. Fundación VER; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Victor Eduardo Roque. Fundación VER; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Gramajo, Ana L.. Fundación VER; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Claudio P.. Fundación VER; Argentina. Fundación Oftalmológica del Caribe; ColombiaFil: Peña, Fernando. Fundación Oftalmológica del Caribe; ColombiaFil: Luna, José D.. Fundación VER; Argentin

Building more accurate decision trees with the additive tree.

The expansion of machine learning to high-stakes application domains such as medicine, finance, and criminal justice, where making informed decisions requires clear understanding of the model, has increased the interest in interpretable machine learning. The widely used Classification and Regression Trees (CART) have played a major role in health sciences, due to their simple and intuitive explanation of predictions. Ensemble methods like gradient boosting can improve the accuracy of decision trees, but at the expense of the interpretability of the generated model. Additive models, such as those produced by gradient boosting, and full interaction models, such as CART, have been investigated largely in isolation. We show that these models exist along a spectrum, revealing previously unseen connections between these approaches. This paper introduces a rigorous formalization for the additive tree, an empirically validated learning technique for creating a single decision tree, and shows that this method can produce models equivalent to CART or gradient boosted stumps at the extremes by varying a single parameter. Although the additive tree is designed primarily to provide both the model interpretability and predictive performance needed for high-stakes applications like medicine, it also can produce decision trees represented by hybrid models between CART and boosted stumps that can outperform either of these approaches

Expert-augmented machine learning.

Machine learning is proving invaluable across disciplines. However, its success is often limited by the quality and quantity of available data, while its adoption is limited by the level of trust afforded by given models. Human vs. machine performance is commonly compared empirically to decide whether a certain task should be performed by a computer or an expert. In reality, the optimal learning strategy may involve combining the complementary strengths of humans and machines. Here, we present expert-augmented machine learning (EAML), an automated method that guides the extraction of expert knowledge and its integration into machine-learned models. We used a large dataset of intensive-care patient data to derive 126 decision rules that predict hospital mortality. Using an online platform, we asked 15 clinicians to assess the relative risk of the subpopulation defined by each rule compared to the total sample. We compared the clinician-assessed risk to the empirical risk and found that, while clinicians agreed with the data in most cases, there were notable exceptions where they overestimated or underestimated the true risk. Studying the rules with greatest disagreement, we identified problems with the training data, including one miscoded variable and one hidden confounder. Filtering the rules based on the extent of disagreement between clinician-assessed risk and empirical risk, we improved performance on out-of-sample data and were able to train with less data. EAML provides a platform for automated creation of problem-specific priors, which help build robust and dependable machine-learning models in critical applications

Estrategia y desarrollo del simulador de negocios Capsim

En este trabajo se recopila la experiencia en el simulador de negocios Capsim, en el cual se manejó una empresa de sensores electrónicos. Se supervisó desde su desarrollo hasta la puesta en el mercado y se tomaron decisiones para cada año operativo dentro del simulador. Se trabajó en la administración de las áreas de diseño, investigación, desarrollo, mercadotécnica, producción, recursos humanos y finanzas

Weight-related quality of life in spanish obese subjects suitable for bariatric surgery is lower than in their North American counterparts: a case–control study

Multicenter study[Abstract] Background: Obesity impairs quality of life, but the perception of the impairment could be different from one country to another. The purpose was to compare weight-related quality of life (QOL) between cohorts from Spain and North America. Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was performed between two populations. Four hundred Spanish and 400 North American obese subjects suitable for bariatric surgery closely matched for race, gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) were included. Two non-obese control groups matched for gender, age, and BMI from each population were also evaluated (n = 400 in each group). The participants completed the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) questionnaire, a measure of weight-related QOL. Results: Spanish morbidly obese patients showed poorer QOL than their North American counterparts in physical function, sexual life, work, and total score. By contrast, Spanish non-obese control subjects reported better QOL in all domains than their North American counterparts. Women, both in Spain and North America, reported reduced QOL compared to men on the domain of self-esteem. In addition, North American women reported reduced QOL on the sexual life domain compared to men. BMI correlated negatively with all domains of QOL except for self-esteem in both national groups. Conclusions: Spanish obese subjects suitable for bariatric surgery report poorer weight-related quality of life than their North American counterparts, and obese women, regardless of nationality, perceive a reduced quality of life compared to men

Gender differences in adaptation to heat in Spain (1983–2018)

In Spain the average temperature has increased by 1.7 °C since pre-industrial times. There has been an increase in heat waves both in terms of frequency and intensity, with a clear impact in terms of population health. The effect of heat waves on daily mortality presents important territorial differences. Gender also affects these impacts, as a determinant that conditions social inequalities in health. There is evidence that women may be more susceptible to extreme heat than men, although there are relatively few studies that analyze differences in the vulnerability and adaptation to heat by sex. This could be related to physiological causes. On the other hand, one of the indicators used to measure vulnerability to heat in a population and its adaptation is the minimum mortality temperature (MMT) and its temporal evolution.The authors wish to thank the funding provided by the ENPY 304/20, ENPY 376/18 and ENPY 107/18 projects of the Carlos III Health Institute III (ISCIII)

Manual para la obtención del carné de manipulador de plaguicidas de uso fitosanitario. Nivel cualificado.

El encargo de la Comisión para el Desarrollo y la Aplicación de la Reglamentación sobre Plaguicidas, de las Consellerias de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación y de Sanidad, de tutelar la edición de este libro, conllevaba un objetivo claro: renovar y actualizar el Manual para la obtención del carné de manipulador de plaguicidas de uso fitosanitario. Nivel cualificado. Esta tarea suponía un difícil reto. El manual original, editado en 1989, fue un texto novedoso, bien acogido por los usuarios y los profesionales relacionados con los plaguicidas agrícolas, pero sólo había tenido modificaciones parciales en sus reediciones. En estos trece años, otras Administraciones públicas y organismos privados han publicado sus correspondientes materiales de trabajo, muchos de ellos de gran calidad e interés. La tarea del Comité de Redacción ha consistido en unificar tanto la terminología como los conceptos expuestos por los diferentes autores. La diversidad de titulaciones, actividades profesionales y ámbitos de trabajo ha hecho especialmente compleja nuestra labor. Sólo la comprensión de los autores ha permitido presentar un texto común sin que pierda la riqueza que aporta la autoría múltiple. El temario normativo se ha complementado con dos elementos necesarios, a nuestro juicio: una bibliografía actualizada (Para saber más) y un Glosario de los términos técnicos más utilizados en los temas. La bibliografía es una selección de textos en idioma español que permite al lector interesado profundizar en los temas tratados; su elección se ha basado en la utilidad práctica, es decir, precisión, claridad y accesibilidad de los materiales. El glosario no pretende ser exhaustivo ni sustituir a los diccionarios académicos o técnicos, su único objetivo es facilitar la lectura mediante la aclaración de conceptos específicos en el área de los plaguicidas y la prevención de sus riesgos