The effects of ameliorative afforestations in Grdelička gorge and Vranjska valley

Свакодневно увећавање светског становништва чија потреба за производњом хране и местом за становање непрестано расте и захтева проширивање територије најчешће на рачун крчења шума, доводи до деградације животне средине у свим сегментима. Голети настале обешумљавањем су веома еродибилна станишта чему доприноси одсуство влаге, изражена купираност терена са великим нагибима, геолошка подлога, неповољна хидрографска мрежа и начин коришћења земљишта као један од значајних фактора деградације. Пошумљавање је метода успостављања шумске вегетације на обешумљеним подручјима чиме се земљиште успешно и дугорочно штити од деградације и притом се обезбеђују вишеструке користи које се могу исказати мелиоративним ефектима пошумљавања. Мелиоративни ефекти противерозионих пошумљавања су исказани вредновањем утицаја на процес педогенезе кроз анализу физичких и хемијских особина земљишта. Обогаћивање биодиверзитета је вредновано анализом односа флористичког састава и одређених фактора средине...Every day, the world's population with increasing need for food production and housing is growing and tending to expand territory in account of deforestation, which leads to the degradation of the environment in all aspects. Bare lands occur as а result of deforestation. Such habitats are highly erodable thanks to the lack of moisture, steep slopes, bedrock, unfavorable hydrographic network and land use as one of the main factors of degradation. Afforestation is a method of establishing forest vegetation on deforested land areas to provide longterm degradation protection and thereby achieve the multiple benefits that can be expressed by ameliorative effects of afforestation. Ameliorative effects of afforestation are presented by evaluation of the impact of afforestation on the process of pedogenesis through analysis of the physical and chemical properties of soil. Enrichment of biodiversity is evaluated by analyzing the relationship of the floristic composition and certain environmental factors. Effect in erosion control is evaluated by estimation of soil loss according to Gavrilovic, in years 1967. and 2009..

The effects of ameliorative afforestations in Grdelička gorge and Vranjska valley

Свакодневно увећавање светског становништва чија потреба за производњом хране и местом за становање непрестано расте и захтева проширивање територије најчешће на рачун крчења шума, доводи до деградације животне средине у свим сегментима. Голети настале обешумљавањем су веома еродибилна станишта чему доприноси одсуство влаге, изражена купираност терена са великим нагибима, геолошка подлога, неповољна хидрографска мрежа и начин коришћења земљишта као један од значајних фактора деградације. Пошумљавање је метода успостављања шумске вегетације на обешумљеним подручјима чиме се земљиште успешно и дугорочно штити од деградације и притом се обезбеђују вишеструке користи које се могу исказати мелиоративним ефектима пошумљавања. Мелиоративни ефекти противерозионих пошумљавања су исказани вредновањем утицаја на процес педогенезе кроз анализу физичких и хемијских особина земљишта. Обогаћивање биодиверзитета је вредновано анализом односа флористичког састава и одређених фактора средине...Every day, the world's population with increasing need for food production and housing is growing and tending to expand territory in account of deforestation, which leads to the degradation of the environment in all aspects. Bare lands occur as а result of deforestation. Such habitats are highly erodable thanks to the lack of moisture, steep slopes, bedrock, unfavorable hydrographic network and land use as one of the main factors of degradation. Afforestation is a method of establishing forest vegetation on deforested land areas to provide longterm degradation protection and thereby achieve the multiple benefits that can be expressed by ameliorative effects of afforestation. Ameliorative effects of afforestation are presented by evaluation of the impact of afforestation on the process of pedogenesis through analysis of the physical and chemical properties of soil. Enrichment of biodiversity is evaluated by analyzing the relationship of the floristic composition and certain environmental factors. Effect in erosion control is evaluated by estimation of soil loss according to Gavrilovic, in years 1967. and 2009..

Inflation and Dark Energy from Spectroscopy at z>2z > 2

The expansion of the Universe is understood to have accelerated during two epochs: in its very first moments during a period of Inflation and much more recently, at $z < 1$, when Dark Energy is hypothesized to drive cosmic acceleration. The undiscovered mechanisms behind these two epochs represent some of the most important open problems in fundamental physics. The large cosmological volume at $2 < z < 5$, together with the ability to efficiently target high-$z$ galaxies with known techniques, enables large gains in the study of Inflation and Dark Energy. A future spectroscopic survey can test the Gaussianity of the initial conditions up to a factor of ~50 better than our current bounds, crossing the crucial theoretical threshold of $\sigma(f_{NL}^{\rm local})$ of order unity that separates single field and multi-field models. Simultaneously, it can measure the fraction of Dark Energy at the percent level up to $z = 5$, thus serving as an unprecedented test of the standard model and opening up a tremendous discovery space

Inflation and Dark Energy from Spectroscopy at z>2z > 2

The expansion of the Universe is understood to have accelerated during two epochs: in its very first moments during a period of Inflation and much more recently, at $z < 1$, when Dark Energy is hypothesized to drive cosmic acceleration. The undiscovered mechanisms behind these two epochs represent some of the most important open problems in fundamental physics. The large cosmological volume at $2 < z < 5$, together with the ability to efficiently target high-$z$ galaxies with known techniques, enables large gains in the study of Inflation and Dark Energy. A future spectroscopic survey can test the Gaussianity of the initial conditions up to a factor of ~50 better than our current bounds, crossing the crucial theoretical threshold of $\sigma(f_{NL}^{\rm local})$ of order unity that separates single field and multi-field models. Simultaneously, it can measure the fraction of Dark Energy at the percent level up to $z = 5$, thus serving as an unprecedented test of the standard model and opening up a tremendous discovery space