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Elusive Longer-Run Impacts of Head Start: Replications Within and Across Cohorts
Using an additional decade of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults (CNLSY), this study replicated and extended Deming’s evaluation of Head Start’s life cycle skill formation impacts in three ways. Extending the measurement interval for Deming’s adulthood outcomes, we found no statistically significant impacts on earnings and mixed evidence of impacts on other adult outcomes. Applying Deming’s sibling comparison framework to more recent birth cohorts born to CNLSY mothers revealed mostly negative Head Start impacts. Combining all cohorts showed generally null impacts on school-age and early adulthood outcomes
Elusive Longer-Run Impacts of Head Start: Replications Within and Across Cohorts
Using an additional decade of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adults (CNLSY), this study replicated and extended Deming’s evaluation of Head Start’s life cycle skill formation impacts in three ways. Extending the measurement interval for Deming’s adulthood outcomes, we found no statistically significant impacts on earnings and mixed evidence of impacts on other adult outcomes. Applying Deming’s sibling comparison framework to more recent birth cohorts born to CNLSY mothers revealed mostly negative Head Start impacts. Combining all cohorts showed generally null impacts on school-age and early adulthood outcomes
MicroED Structure of Au 146 (p-MBA) 57 at Subatomic Resolution Reveals a Twinned FCC Cluster
International audienceSolving the atomic structure of metallic clusters is fundamental to understanding their optical, electronic, and chemical properties. Herein we present the structure of the largest aqueous gold cluster, Au 146 (p-MBA) 57 (p-MBA: para-mercaptobenzoic acid), solved by electron diffraction (MicroED) to subatomic resolution (0.85 Å) and by X-ray diffraction at atomic resolution (1.3 Å). The 146 gold atoms may be decomposed into two constituent sets consisting of 119 core and 27 peripheral atoms. The core atoms are organized in a twinned FCC structure whereas the surface gold atoms follow a C 2 rotational symmetry about an axis bisecting the twinning plane. The protective layer of 57 p-MBAs fully encloses the cluster and comprises bridging, monomeric, and dimeric staple motifs. Au 146 (p-MBA) 57 is the largest cluster observed exhibiting a bulk-like FCC structure as well as the smallest gold particle exhibiting a stacking fault
MicroED Structure of Au<sub>146</sub>(p-MBA)<sub>57</sub> at Subatomic Resolution Reveals a Twinned FCC Cluster
Solving the atomic
structure of metallic clusters is fundamental
to understanding their optical, electronic, and chemical properties.
Herein we present the structure of the largest aqueous gold cluster,
Au<sub>146</sub>(p-MBA)<sub>57</sub> (p-MBA: <i>para</i>-mercaptobenzoic acid), solved by electron micro-diffraction (MicroED)
to subatomic resolution (0.85 Å) and by X-ray diffraction at
atomic resolution (1.3 Å). The 146 gold atoms may be decomposed
into two constituent sets consisting of 119 core and 27 peripheral
atoms. The core atoms are organized in a twinned FCC structure, whereas
the surface gold atoms follow a C<sub>2</sub> rotational symmetry
about an axis bisecting the twinning plane. The protective layer of
57 p-MBAs fully encloses the cluster and comprises bridging, monomeric,
and dimeric staple motifs. Au<sub>146</sub>(p-MBA)<sub>57</sub> is
the largest cluster observed exhibiting a bulk-like FCC structure
as well as the smallest gold particle exhibiting a stacking fault
MicroED Structure of Au<sub>146</sub>(p-MBA)<sub>57</sub> at Subatomic Resolution Reveals a Twinned FCC Cluster
Solving the atomic
structure of metallic clusters is fundamental
to understanding their optical, electronic, and chemical properties.
Herein we present the structure of the largest aqueous gold cluster,
Au<sub>146</sub>(p-MBA)<sub>57</sub> (p-MBA: <i>para</i>-mercaptobenzoic acid), solved by electron micro-diffraction (MicroED)
to subatomic resolution (0.85 Å) and by X-ray diffraction at
atomic resolution (1.3 Å). The 146 gold atoms may be decomposed
into two constituent sets consisting of 119 core and 27 peripheral
atoms. The core atoms are organized in a twinned FCC structure, whereas
the surface gold atoms follow a C<sub>2</sub> rotational symmetry
about an axis bisecting the twinning plane. The protective layer of
57 p-MBAs fully encloses the cluster and comprises bridging, monomeric,
and dimeric staple motifs. Au<sub>146</sub>(p-MBA)<sub>57</sub> is
the largest cluster observed exhibiting a bulk-like FCC structure
as well as the smallest gold particle exhibiting a stacking fault
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10.1111/gcb.14904GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY261119-18