Determination of reliable resistance values for electrical double-layer capacitors

The power capabilities of supercapacitors are strongly influenced by their passive elements. Within this study, we investigate methods to address resistive components out of galvanostatic measurements and we compared literature methods with the aim to provide a guide to correctly exploit the resistance of supercapacitors. The impact of the sampling conditions of galvanostatic measurements is analyzed and related to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Further, a novel method based on the instantaneous power analysis is provided to get real-time information concerning the actual cell resistance during the measurement without altering the gal- vanostatic experiment. Measurements show that literature methods can provide values close to the series resistance, while the newly proposed power method results in a good estimate of the actual dissipative value

Improving the Stability of Supercapacitors at High Voltages and High Temperatures by the Implementation of Ethyl Isopropyl Sulfone as Electrolyte Solvent

Abstract Two of the main weaknesses of modern electric double‐layer capacitors are the rather limited ranges of operating voltage and temperature in which these devices do not suffer from the occurrence of irreversible decomposition processes. These parameters are strongly interconnected and lowering the operating voltage when increasing the temperature is unavoidable, so as to protect the electric double‐layer capacitor from damage. With the aim to maintain the operating voltage as high as possible at elevated temperatures, in this study, the application of ethyl isopropyl sulfone as an electrolyte solvent for electric double‐layer capacitors is presented. It is shown that ethyl isopropyl sulfone‐based electrolytes display excellent thermal and electrochemical stability enabling high capacitance retention after floating tests for 500 h at 60 and 80 °C, e.g. 68% at 3.4 V at 60 °C. A possible reason for the above‐average stability is that decomposition products of ethyl isopropyl sulfone can deposit on the electrode surface which may act as a passivation layer and prevent further degradation.Ethyl isopropyl sulfone is an interesting electrolyte solvent for electric double‐layer capacitors in high‐temperature surroundings. Forming a protective passive layer on the electrode surface, ethyl isopropyl sulfone offers high thermal and electrochemical stability for supercapacitors at temperatures of up to 80 °C and voltages of up to 3.4 V. imag

The Many Deaths of Supercapacitors: Degradation, Aging, and Performance Fading

High-performance electrochemical applications have expedited the research in high-power devices. As such, supercapacitors, including electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors, have gained significant attention due to their high power density, long cycle life, and fast charging capabilities. Yet, no device lasts forever. It is essential to understand the mechanisms behind performance degradation and aging so that these bottlenecks can be addressed and tailored solutions can be developed. Herein, the factors contributing to the aging and degradation of supercapacitors, including electrode materials, electrolytes, and other aspects of the system, such as pore blocking, electrode compositions, functional groups, and corrosion of current collectors are examined. The monitoring and characterizing of the performance degradation of supercapacitors, including electrochemical methods, in situ, and ex situ techniques are explored. In addition, the degradation mechanisms of different types of electrolytes and electrode materials and the effects of aging from an industrial application standpoint are analyzed. Next, how electrode degradations and electrolyte decompositions can lead to failure, and pore blocking, electrode composition, and other factors that affect the device's lifespan are examined. Finally, the future directions and challenges for reducing supercapacitors' performance degradation, including developing new materials and methods for characterizing and monitoring the devices are summarized

The Many Deaths of Supercapacitors: Degradation, Aging, and Performance Fading

High-performance electrochemical applications have expedited the research in high-power devices. As such, supercapacitors, including electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors, have gained significant attention due to their high power density, long cycle life, and fast charging capabilities. Yet, no device lasts forever. It is essential to understand the mechanisms behind performance degradation and aging so that these bottlenecks can be addressed and tailored solutions can be developed. Herein, the factors contributing to the aging and degradation of supercapacitors, including electrode materials, electrolytes, and other aspects of the system, such as pore blocking, electrode compositions, functional groups, and corrosion of current collectors are examined. The monitoring and characterizing of the performance degradation of supercapacitors, including electrochemical methods, in situ, and ex situ techniques are explored. In addition, the degradation mechanisms of different types of electrolytes and electrode materials and the effects of aging from an industrial application standpoint are analyzed. Next, how electrode degradations and electrolyte decompositions can lead to failure, and pore blocking, electrode composition, and other factors that affect the device’s lifespan are examined. Finally, the future directions and challenges for reducing supercapacitors’ performance degradation, including developing new materials and methods for characterizing and monitoring the devices are summarized

γ‐Valerolactone as Sustainable and Low‐Toxic Solvent for Electrical Double Layer Capacitors

Abstract In this work, γ‐valerolactone (GVL), a green solvent based on largely available biomass (carbohydrates), highly biodegradable, and with low eco‐toxicological profile, was used as electrolyte component in energy storage devices. This solvent allowed the realization of electrolytes with good transport properties and high thermal stability, which could be successfully applied in electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). GVL‐based EDLCs could operate at 2.7–2.9 V and displayed good performance in term of capacitance, cycling stability, as well as specific energy and power. The results of this study indicate that the use of solvent obtained from largely available natural sources is a feasible strategy for the realization of sustainable and safe electrolytes for EDLCs.Sustainable solvent : The concept of using solvent γ‐valerolactone (GVL) derived from sustainable feedstocks as electrolyte component in electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) is implementable. GVL‐based electrolytes, with an operating voltage of 2.7–2.9 V, present high capacitance retention and good specific energy as well as power in EDLCs. imag

The Many Deaths of Supercapacitors: Degradation, Aging, and Performance Fading

High-performance electrochemical applications have expedited the research in high-power devices. As such, supercapacitors, including electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors, have gained significant attention due to their high power density, long cycle life, and fast charging capabilities. Yet, no device lasts forever. It is essential to understand the mechanisms behind performance degradation and aging so that these bottlenecks can be addressed and tailored solutions can be developed. Herein, the factors contributing to the aging and degradation of supercapacitors, including electrode materials, electrolytes, and other aspects of the system, such as pore blocking, electrode compositions, functional groups, and corrosion of current collectors are examined. The monitoring and characterizing of the performance degradation of supercapacitors, including electrochemical methods, in situ, and ex situ techniques are explored. In addition, the degradation mechanisms of different types of electrolytes and electrode materials and the effects of aging from an industrial application standpoint are analyzed. Next, how electrode degradations and electrolyte decompositions can lead to failure, and pore blocking, electrode composition, and other factors that affect the device\u27s lifespan are examined. Finally, the future directions and challenges for reducing supercapacitors\u27 performance degradation, including developing new materials and methods for characterizing and monitoring the devices are summarized

The Many Deaths of Supercapacitors: Degradation, Aging, and Performance Fading

International audienceHigh-performance electrochemical applications have expedited the research in high-power devices. As such, supercapacitors, including electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors, have gained significant attention due to their high power density, long cycle life, and fast charging capabilities. Yet, no device lasts forever. It is essential to understand the mechanisms behind performance degradation and aging so that these bottlenecks can be addressed and tailored solutions can be developed. Herein, the factors contributing to the aging and degradation of supercapacitors, including electrode materials, electrolytes, and other aspects of the system, such as pore blocking, electrode compositions, functional groups, and corrosion of current collectors are examined. The monitoring and characterizing of the performance degradation of supercapacitors, including electrochemical methods, in situ, and ex situ techniques are explored. In addition, the degradation mechanisms of different types of electrolytes and electrode materials and the effects of aging from an industrial application standpoint are analyzed. Next, how electrode degradations and electrolyte decompositions can lead to failure, and pore blocking, electrode composition, and other factors that affect the device's lifespan are examined. Finally, the future directions and challenges for reducing supercapacitors' performance degradation, including developing new materials and methods for characterizing and monitoring the devices are summarized

Interlaboratory study assessing the analysis of supercapacitor electrochemistry data

Supercapacitors are fast-charging energy storage devices of great importance for developing robust and climate-friendly energy infrastructures for the future. Research in this field has seen rapid growth in recent years, therefore consistent reporting practices must be implemented to enable reliable comparison of device performance. Although several studies have highlighted the best practices for analysing and reporting data from such energy storage devices, there is yet to be an empirical study investigating whether researchers in the field are correctly implementing these recommendations, and which assesses the variation in reporting between different laboratories. Here we address this deficit by carrying out the first interlaboratory study of the analysis of supercapacitor electrochemistry data. We find that the use of incorrect formulae and researchers having different interpretations of key terminologies are major causes of variability in data reporting. Furthermore we highlight the more significant variation in reported results for electrochemical profiles showing non-ideal capacitive behaviour. From the insights gained through this study, we make additional recommendations to the community to help ensure consistent reporting of performance metrics moving forward

Interlaboratory study assessing the analysis of supercapacitor electrochemistry data

Supercapacitors are fast-charging energy storage devices of great importance for developing robust and climate friendly energy infrastructures for the future. Research in this field has seen rapid growth in recent years, therefore consistent reporting practices must be implemented to enable reliable comparison of device performance. Although several studies have highlighted the best practices for analysing and reporting data from such energy storage devices, there is yet to be an empirical study investigating whether researchers in the field are correctly implementing these recommendations, and which assesses the variation in reporting between different laboratories. Here we address this deficit by carrying out the first interlaboratory study of the analysis of supercapacitor electrochemistry data. We find that the use of incorrect formulae and researchers having different interpretations of key terminologies are major causes of variability in data reporting. Furthermore we highlight the more significant variation in reported results for electrochemical profiles showing non-ideal capacitive behaviour. From the insights gained through this study, we make additional recommendations to the community to help ensure consistent reporting of performance metrics moving forward

Interlaboratory Study Assessing the Analysis of Supercapacitor Electrochemistry Data

Supercapacitors are fast-charging energy storage devices of great importance for developing robust and climate-friendly energy infrastructures for the future. Research in this field has seen rapid growth in recent years. Therefore, consistent reporting practices must be implemented to enable reliable comparison of device performance. Although several studies have highlighted the best practices for analysing and reporting data from such energy storage devices, there is yet to be an empirical study investigating whether researchers in the field are correctly implementing these recommendations, and which assesses the variation in reporting between different laboratories. Here, we address this deficit by carrying out the first interlaboratory study of the analysis of supercapacitor electrochemistry data. We find that the use of incorrect formulae and researchers having different interpretations of key terminologies are the primary causes of variability in data reporting. Furthermore, we highlight the more significant variation in reported results for electrochemical profiles showing non-ideal capacitive behaviour. From the insights gained through this study, we make additional recommendations to the community to help ensure consistent reporting of performance metrics moving forward