Avaliacao das atividades antimicrobiana e citotoxica de extratos de plantas do Cerrado do Sul de Minas Gerais

Foi avaliada a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos hidroetanólicos de plantas sobre bactérias Gram positiva, Gram negativa, leveduras, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 e Mycobacterium bovis pela técnica de difusão em Agar e microdiluição em caldo. Dentre os extratos avaliados pelo método de difusão em Agar, o extrato da folha de Bidens pilosa apresentou a mais expressiva média de halos de inibição de crescimento frente aos microrganismos, seguido pelo extrato da flor de B. pilosa, da folha e semente de Eugenia pyriformis, da folha de Plinia cauliflora que apresentaram estatisticamente a mesma média de formação de halos inibitórios sobre bactérias Gram positivas, Gram negativas e leveduras. Os extratos de Heliconia rostrata não apresentaram atividade. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 e Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) mostraram-se resistentes a todos os extratos. O perfil de sensibilidade dos fungos Candida albicans e Saccharomyces cerevisiae foram comparáveis entre si e entre as bactérias Gram positivas Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis e Gram negativa Salmonella typhimurium (p >; 0.05). A avaliação da citotoxicidade foi realizada sobre células C6-36 de larvas de mosquito Aedes albopictus. Os extratos de caule e flor de H. rostrata, folha e caule de P. cauliflora, semente de Anonna crassiflora e caule, flor e raiz de B. pilosa não apresentaram toxicidade nas concentrações avaliadas. Os maiores índices de seletividade foram apresentados pelos extratos de caule de A. crassiflora e flor de B. pilosa para Staphylococcus aureus, apresentando potencial para estudos como futuros candidatos a fármacos.The antimicrobial activity of plant hidroethanolic extracts on bacteria Gram positive, Gram negative, yeasts, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 and Mycobacterium bovis was evaluated by using the technique of Agar diffusion and microdilution in broth. Among the extracts evaluated by Agar diffusion, the extract of Bidens pilosa leaf presented the most expressive average of haloes of growth inhibition to the microorganisms, followed by the extract of B. pilosa flower, of Eugenia pyriformis' leaf and seed, of Plinia cauliflora leaf which statistically presented the same average of haloes inhibitory formation on bacteria Gram positive, Gram negative and yeasts. The extracts of Heliconia rostrata did not present activity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 and Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) appeared resistant to all the extracts. The susceptibility profile of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi were compared to one another and to the Gram positive Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and the Gram negative Salmonella typhimurium bacteria (p >; 0.05). The evaluation of cytotoxicity was carried out on C6-36 larvae cells of the Aedes albopictus mosquito. The extracts of stem and flower of Heliconia rostrata, leaf and stem of Plinia cauliflora, seed of Anonna crassiflora and stem, flower and root of B. pilosa did not present toxicity in the analyzed concentrations. The highest rates of selectivity appeared in the extracts of stem of A. crassiflora and flower of B. pilosa to Staphylococcus aureus, presenting potential for future studies about a new drug development

PREVALENCE of PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS INFECTION BY INTRADERMAL REACTION in RURAL AREAS in ALFENAS, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of paracoccidioidal infection by intradermal reaction (Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, DTH) to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in rural areas in Alfenas, Southern Minas Gerais (MG) State, Brazil, and to assess risk factors (gender, occupation, age, alcohol intake and smoking) associated with infection. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using intradermal tests with gp 43 paracoccidioidin in 542 participants, who were previously contacted by local health agents and so spontaneously attended the test. Participants underwent an interview by filling out a registration form with epidemiological data and were tested with an intradermal administration of 0.1 mL of paracoccidioidin in the left forearm. the test was read 48 hours after injection and was considered positive if induration was greater than or equal to 5 mm. Out of 542 participants, 46.67% were positive to the skin test. Prevalence increased in accordance with an increase of age. There was statistical significance only for males. Occupation, alcohol intake and smoking habits were not significantly associated with the risk of paracoccidioidomycosis infection. There is relevance of paracoccidioidomycosis infection in such rural areas, which suggests that further epidemiological and clinical studies on this mycosis should be done in the southern part of Minas Gerais State.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Univ Fed Alfenas, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Alfenas, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Alfenas, Fac Nutr, Alfenas, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Alfenas, Inst Ciencias Exatas, Alfenas, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Alfenas, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Alfenas, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Estado São Paulo, Dept Biol Celular, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Clin Odontol, Vitoria, ES, BrazilUniv Fed Estado São Paulo, Dept Biol Celular, São Paulo, BrazilFAPEMIG: APQ-01125-11Web of Scienc

Prevalência da paracoccidioidomicose por intradermorreação em áreas rurais de Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of paracoccidioidal infection by intradermal reaction (Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, DTH) to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in rural areas in Alfenas, Southern Minas Gerais (MG) State, Brazil, and to assess risk factors (gender, occupation, age, alcohol intake and smoking) associated with infection. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using intradermal tests with gp 43 paracoccidioidin in 542 participants, who were previously contacted by local health agents and so spontaneously attended the test. Participants underwent an interview by filling out a registration form with epidemiological data and were tested with an intradermal administration of 0.1 mL of paracoccidioidin in the left forearm. The test was read 48 hours after injection and was considered positive if induration was greater than or equal to 5 mm. Out of 542 participants, 46.67% were positive to the skin test. Prevalence increased in accordance with an increase of age. There was statistical significance only for males. Occupation, alcohol intake and smoking habits were not significantly associated with the risk of paracoccidioidomycosis infection. There is relevance of paracoccidioidomycosis infection in such rural areas, which suggests that further epidemiological and clinical studies on this mycosis should be done in the southern part of Minas Gerais State.Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de sensibilização da pele pelo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis em áreas rurais em Alfenas, MG, Brasil, e avaliar os fatores de risco associados à infecção. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional utilizando testes intradérmicos com paracoccidioidina em 542 indivíduos selecionados por demanda espontânea. Os participantes foram submetidos a uma entrevista através do preenchimento de um formulário de inscrição com os dados epidemiológicos e os testes com a administração intradérmica de 0,1 mL de paracoccidioidina no antebraço esquerdo. O teste foi lido 48 h após a injeção e foi considerado positivo se enduramento era maior ou igual a 5 mm. De 542, 46,67% participantes foram positivos ao teste de pele. Prevalência aumentou de acordo com o aumento da idade. Houve significância estatística apenas para o sexo masculino. Profissão, alcoolismo e tabagismo não foram significativamente associados com o risco de infecção paracoccidioidomicose. Há relevância da infecção paracoccidioidomicose em áreas rurais, o que sugere mais estudos epidemiológicos e clínicos sobre esta micose no sul do estado de Minas Gerais

Unbalanced relationships: insights into the interaction between gut microbiota, geohelminths, and schistosomiasis

Hosts and their microbiota and parasites have co-evolved in an adaptative relationship since ancient times. The interaction between parasites and intestinal bacteria in terms of the hosts’ health is currently a subject of great research interest. Therapeutic interventions can include manipulations of the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which have immunological interactions important for modulating the host’s immune system and for reducing inflammation. Most helminths are intestinal parasites; the intestinal environment provides complex interactions with other microorganisms in which internal and external factors can influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Moreover, helminths and intestinal microorganisms can modulate the host’s immune system either beneficially or harmfully. The immune response can be reduced due to co-infection, and bacteria from the intestinal microbiota can translocate to other organs. In this way, the treatment can be compromised, which, together with drug resistance by the parasites makes healing even more difficult. Thus, this work aimed to understand interactions between the microbiota and parasitic diseases caused by the most important geohelminths and schistosomiasis and the consequences of these associations

Usefulness of Environmental DNA for Surveillance and Control of Schistosomiasis: Detection and Tracking Schistosoma mansoni and Its Intermediate Host Biomphalaria glabrata in Low Endemic Areas of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Poster Session

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new thalidomide–donepezil hybrids as neuroprotective agents targeting cholinesterases and neuroinflammation

A new series of eight multifunctional thalidomide–donepezil hybrids were synthesized based on the multi target-directed ligand strategy and evaluated as potential neuroprotective, cholinesterase inhibitors and anti neuroinflammatory agents against neurodegenerative diseases. A molecular hybridization approach was used for structural design by combining the N-benzylpiperidine pharmacophore of donepezil and the isoindoline 1,3-dione fragment from the thalidomide structure. The most promising compound, PQM-189 (3g), showed good AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 3.15 μM, which was predicted by docking studies as interacting with the enzyme in the same orientation observed in the AChE–donepezil complex and a similar profile of interaction. Additionally, compound 3g significantly decreased iNOS and IL-1β levels by 43% and 39%, respectively, after 24 h of incubation with lipopolysaccharide. In vivo data confirmed the ability of 3g to prevent locomotor impairment and changes in feeding behavior elicited by lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, the PAMPA assay evidenced adequate blood–brain barrier and gastrointestinal tract permeabilities with an Fa value of 69.8%. Altogether, these biological data suggest that compound 3g can treat the inflammatory process and oxidative stress resulting from the overexpression of iNOS and therefore the increase in reactive nitrogen species, and regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. In this regard, compound PQM-189 (3g) was revealed to be a promising neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory agent with an innovative thalidomide–donepezil-based hybrid molecular architectur

Antiviral activity of dermaseptin 01 against Dengue virus type 2, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Vaccinia virus

AIMS: Determine the in vitro antiviral activity of dermaseptin-1 an antimicrobial peptide discovered in the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis frogs against Herpes simplex virus type 1, Vaccinia virus and Dengue virus type 2. METHODS: The Peptide dermaseptin-1 was used for the cytotoxic assays using Vero, LLCMK2 and C6/36 cells. The antiviral activity was evaluated using (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay for Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Vaccinia virus in VERO cells and for Dengue virus type 2 in LLCMK2 cells. The antiviral activity of dermaseptin-1was also evaluated in C6/36 cells infected with Dengue virus type 2 by cytopathic effect reduction. RESULTS: The 50% cytotoxicity concentration of dermaseptin-1 was 105 µg/ml in insect cells (C6/36) and more than 1000 µg/ml in mammalian cells (VERO and LLCMK2). DS-01 displayed antiviral effect only against Dengue virus type 2 with a 50% effective concentration of 15 µg/ml in C6/36 cells and 60 µg/ml in LLCMK2 cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that dermaseptin 01 have an in vitro antiviral action against Dengue virus type 2 but not against Herpes simplex virus type 1 or Vaccinia virus