Variability of Settling Particles Fluxes and Isotopic Composition (δ13C and δ15N) from Material Trapped in Coastal Reefs of Abrolhos Bank, Eastern Brazilian Shelf

Elemental and isotopic ratios (C/N, δ13C, δ15N) of sediment samples captured by PVC traps in eight stations along the coastal reefs of the Abrolhos region, Brazil, were analyzed. The study area is characterized by the influence of continental sediments on biogenic sediments. The highest δ13C values were found in the Sebastião Gomes (second shallower station), with average values close to -15‰ in all sampling periods. The isotopic ratio of carbon and nitrogen indicates that the organic matter analyzed has marine origin, with signature features of oceanic regions. The highest C/N ratio average value of 8.29 occurred in Nova Viçosa (the southernmost station and one of the shallowest) during the spring, in other seasons the average value was close to 7 in all periods. Although the values of C/N indicate a significantly marine contribution, δ15N values suggest that N series recycling processes are frequent during the time that the material remained in the environment. The results will provide a baseline for future environmental monitoring and studies on changes in sediment composition in an important set of coastal coral reefs

EVALUACIÓN DE INDICADORES DE SOBREPESO Y RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR EN NIÑOS DE UN PROYECTO SOCIAL EN LA RED DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el perfil antropométrico con enfoque en indicadores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, índice de masa corporal, relación cintura / talla, índice de ahusamiento y pliegues cutáneos de estudiantes de un proyecto de surf social, inscritos en la red pública de docencia del municipio. de Río de Janeiro. Material y métodos: 109 estudiantes (entre 7-17 años), de un proyecto de surf social (73 niños y 36 niñas) estudiantes de la red de educación municipal de Río de Janeiro. Se conformaron los siguientes grupos: femenino y masculino de 7-12 años y femenino y masculino de 13-17 años. Variables medidas: masa corporal, talla, perímetro de cintura (CC), porcentaje de grasa corporal, IMC y relación cintura / talla (WHtR). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron frecuencias porcentuales. Para comparar grupos dentro, se utilizó la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, ajustada para comparaciones entre pares (corrección de Bonferroni). El nivel de significancia fue del 95%. Resultados: Solo el IMC mostró significación en la comparación entre grupos (IMC total de la muestra / grupo con sobrepeso 7-12 años> grupo 13-17 años p = 0,027); (NIÑAS con IMC / normal el grupo 7-12 años> 13-17 años p = 0,046); (NIÑOS con IMC / normal el grupo 13-17 años> 7-12 años p = 0,002); (NIÑOS con IMC / grupo de riesgo de sobrepeso 7-12 años> 13-17 años p = 0,002); (NIÑOS con IMC / sobrepeso el grupo 7-12 años> 13-17 años p = 0,002). Conclusión: Hubo una baja prevalencia de obesidad según las variables antropométricas utilizadas, y según el análisis del IMC de la muestra en este estudio, una tendencia hacia la reducción de peso con el aumento de la edad. Este hecho es importante porque la muestra es actividad física regular. Por tanto, los incentivos para promover la salud a través de proyectos sociodeportivos en el contexto de los hábitos alimentarios y las prácticas de actividad física son importantes para promover un estilo de vida saludable para todos los grupos de edad de la población

Evolution of Protocols to Induce Lactation of Dairy Cows: A Review / Evolução dos Protocolos para Indução da Lactação em Vacas Leiteiras: Revisão Bibliográfica

Several diseases and nutritional challenges have had detrimental impacts on dairy farming, of which reproductive problems are considered one of the main hindrances in all production systems. Alternatives to minimize these problems have been explored, and methods of artificial induction of lactation are amongst them. After decades of evolution, the current protocols have been shown to be more efficient and less laborious, which has increased its use. However, there is still limited information and many conflicting theories. Therefore, new research and experiments on the subject are extremely important, especially regarding the dose used in the protocols and animal welfare implications. This review takes a detailed overview of the protocols and other important aspects of lactation induction in dairy cows

Evaluation of tests performed to confirm the position of the Veress needle for creation of pneumoperitoneum in selected patients: a prospective clinical trial Valor das provas de posicionamento da ponta da agulha de Veress para a criação do pneumoperitônio artificial em pacientes selecionados: ensaio clínico prospectivo

PURPOSE: To evaluate tests performed to confirm the position of the Veress needle inserted into the left hypochondrium for creation of pneumoperitonium. METHODS: One hundred patients were submitted to laparoscopic procedure with left hypochondrium puncturing. Needle positioning tests were evaluated. The aspiration test was considered positive when organic material was aspirated; the injection test was considered positive when no increased resistance to liquid injection was observed; the recovery test was considered positive when the liquid injected was not recovered; the saline drop test was considered positive when drops of saline in the syringe disappeared quickly; the initial intraperitoneal pressure test was considered positive when pressure levels were &pound; 8 mmHg. A positive aspiration test indicated iatrogenic injury, whereas a positive result in any of the other tests indicated that the tip of the needle was correctly positioned in the peritoneal cavity. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the tests were calculated by correlating results considered true positives (a), false positives (b), false negatives (c) and true negatives (d), according to the formulas: SE = [a/(a + c)] x 100; SP = [d/(b + d)] x 100; PPV = [a/(a + b)] x 100; NPV = [d(c + d)] x 100. RESULTS: With regard to the aspiration test, SE and PPV were not applicable, SP was 100% and NPV was 100%. With regard to the injection test, SE was 0%, SP was 100%, PPV was inexistent and NPV was 90%. Both recovery and saline drop tests yielded the following results: SE was 50%, SP was 100%, PPV was 100% and NPV was 94.7%. The initial intraperitoneal pressure test yielded the following results: SE, SP, PPV and NPV were 100%. CONCLUSIONS: When inserting the Veress needle into the left hypochondrium, a negative aspiration test guarantees the absence of iatrogenic injury; the injection test is not reliable to determine incorrect needle positioning, but it accurately detects correct needle positioning; recovery and saline drop tests are not reliable to determine correct needle positioning, but they accurately detect incorrect needle positioning; the initial intraperitoneal pressure test is reliable to determine both correct and incorrect needle positioning, and proved to be the most reliable of the tests analyzed.<br>OBJETIVO: Avaliar provas de posicionamento da agulha de Veress introduzida no hipocôndrio esquerdo para criação de pneumoperitônio. MÉTODOS: Cem pacientes foram submetidos a laparoscopia com punção no hipocôndrio esquerdo. Provas de posicionamento da agulha foram avaliadas. A prova da aspiração foi considerada positiva quando sugava-se material orgânico; a prova da resistência foi considerada positiva quando apenas pouca pressão à infusão de líquido era observada; a prova de recuperação foi considerada positiva quando o líquido infundido não era recuperado; a prova do gotejamento foi considerada positiva quando gotas depositadas na agulha escoavam rapidamente; a prova da pressão intraperitoneal inicial foi considerada positiva quando os níveis observados eram d" 8 mmHg. Uma prova de aspiração positiva indicava iatrogenia, ao passo que resultados positivos em todas as outras provas indicavam que a ponta da agulha estava adequadamente posicionada na cavidade peritoneal. Foram calculadas a sensibilidade (S), especificidade (E), valores preditivos positivos (VPP) e negativos (VPN) das provas, mediante correlação dos resultados verdadeiro-positivos (a), falso-positivos (b), falso-negativos (c) e verdadeiro-negativos (d), segundo as fórmulas: S = [a/(a + c)] x 100; E = [d/(b + d)] x 100; VPP = [a/(a + b)] x 100; VPN = [d(c + d)] x 100. RESULTADOS: Na prova da aspiração, constatou-se que S e VPP não puderam ser aplicados, e que E = 100% e VPN = 100%. Na prova da resistência, S = 0%, E = 100%, VPP = não existiu e VPN = 90%. Tanto na prova da recuperação como na do gotejamento, S = 50%, E = 100%, VPP = 100% e VPN = 94,7%. Na da pressão inicial, S, E, VPP e VPN = 100%. CONCLUSÕES: Na punção no hipocôndrio esquerdo, um resultado negativo na prova da aspiração garante ausência de iatrogenia; a prova da resistência não indica com certeza o mau posicionamento da agulha, mas indica corretamente seu bom posicionamento; as provas da recuperação e do gotejamento não reconhecem bem o adequado posicionamento da agulha, mas detectam com segurança seu inadequado posicionamento; a prova da pressão inicial indica com segurança tanto o mau como o bom posicionamento da agulha, sendo a prova mais confiável dentre as estudadas

Estrus synchronization and fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) in dairy buffaloes during seasonal anestrus

The aim of this work was to study estrus synchronization and fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) in dairy buffaloes during season anestrus. One hundred thirty-nine dairy buffaloes in seasonal anestrus were divided in two groups as G1(n=66) and G2(n=73). The protocols for both the groups were the same until day (D)14:D0 administration of 2.0 mg estradiol benzoate and implantation of progesterone device (P4) for 14 days; D14 removal of P4 plus 150 mg of cloprostenol and 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin. On D16, G1 received 10 mg of buserelin and G2 100 mg deslorelin acetate. On D17, both the groups were submitted to FTAI. Ultrasonographic examinations of ovaries were performed on D0, D14, D16 and D17. Results showed that pregnancy rates in G1 and G2 were 20 and 41% (p0.05). Thirty-five percent of the animals in G1 and 54.1% in G2 showed a diameter DF greater than 8.0 mm on D16 (p>0.05). Thus, it could be concluded that the protocols synchronized the estrus, leading the concentration of the parturitions in the period of low milk production. Deslorelin was more efficient than buserelin due the higher percentage of DF ovulation and higher pregnancy rates