Pollen from multiple sunflower cultivars and species reduces a common bumblebee gut pathogen

Pathogens are one of the factors driving pollinator declines. Diet can play an important role in mediating pollinator health and resistance to pathogens. Sunflower pollen (Helianthus annuus) dramatically reduced a gut pathogen (Crithidia bombi) of Bombus impatiens previously, but the breadth of this effect was unknown. We tested whether pollen from nine H. annuus cultivars, four wild H. annuus populations, H. petiolarus, H. argophyllus and two Solidago spp., reduced Crithidia in B. impatiens compared to mixed wildflower pollen and buckwheat pollen (Fagopyrum esculentum) as controls. We also compared hand- and honeybee-collected pollen (which contains nectar) to assess whether diet effects on pathogens were due to pollen or nectar. All Helianthus and Solidago pollen reduced Crithidia by 20–40-fold compared to buckwheat pollen, and all but three taxa reduced Crithidia compared to wildflower pollen. We found no consistent differences between hand- and bee-collected pollen, suggesting that pollen alone can reduce Crithidia infection. Our results indicate an important role of pollen diet for bee health and potentially broad options within the Asteraceae for pollinator plantings to manage bee disease

La metáfora del no-lugar

El propósito del escrito consiste en explorar la metáfora levinasiana del no-lugar,precisar sus sentidos y evaluar críticamente su pertinencia en el ámbito de las reflexiones contemporáneas. Para ello, contextualizaremos la propuesta levinasiana en torno al no-lugar, especialmente bajo los conceptos de sensibilidad, proximidad e infinito; reconstruiremos algunas de las críticas de Levinas a lo que denominamos: “filosofías del regreso a casa”; y, finalmente, sugeriremos algunos aspectos en los cuales las tesis del filósofo judío podrían hacerse pertinentes. Este último propósito lo acompañaremos con una investigación social adelantada al respecto.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this writing is to explore the Levinasian no-place metaphor, in order to clarify its meanings as well as to critically evaluate its pertinence under the light of contemporary reflections. In order to do this, we will contextualize the Levinasian proposal around the no-place, especially under the concepts of sensitivity, proximity, and infinite; we will reconstruct some Levinas’s critiques which we will call “philosophies of the coming back home”, and finally we will suggest some aspects in which the Jew philosopher theses might be pertinent. This last purpose will be accompanied by a social research carried out about this issue.El propósito del escrito consiste en explorar la metáfora levinasiana del no-lugar,precisar sus sentidos y evaluar críticamente su pertinencia en el ámbito de las reflexiones contemporáneas. Para ello, contextualizaremos la propuesta levinasiana en torno al no-lugar, especialmente bajo los conceptos de sensibilidad, proximidad e infinito; reconstruiremos algunas de las críticas de Levinas a lo que denominamos: “filosofías del regreso a casa”; y, finalmente, sugeriremos algunos aspectos en los cuales las tesis del filósofo judío podrían hacerse pertinentes. Este último propósito lo acompañaremos con una investigación social adelantada al respecto.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this writing is to explore the Levinasian no-place metaphor, in order to clarify its meanings as well as to critically evaluate its pertinence under the light of contemporary reflections. In order to do this, we will contextualize the Levinasian proposal around the no-place, especially under the concepts of sensitivity, proximity, and infinite; we will reconstruct some Levinas’s critiques which we will call “philosophies of the coming back home”, and finally we will suggest some aspects in which the Jew philosopher theses might be pertinent. This last purpose will be accompanied by a social research carried out about this issue

Growth culture evaluation of Daphnia magna feed with Saccharomyces cereviseae enrichment with oat soy

ABSTRACT: Experimental cultivate cladocerans Daphnia magna feed with probiotics was realized. At University of Antioquia, Faculty of Agrarian Science, Larviculture, fish and food live Laboratory (Larpeali), under controlled conditions of environmental temperature between (21 - 25 °C), water temperature (22 - 23°C) and pH (7.6), were performed. One diet of Saccharomyces cereviseae was used and one enriched medium of oat-soy flour (fatty acid, n-6) to concentrations of diet and enriched medium were the same, 25 ppm and 12.5 ppm, 2x2 factorial treatment arrangements (2 levels of Saccharomyces cereviseae and 2 levels of oat-soy flour, diets was fed to four replicates of Daphnia culture per treatment in order to determine their effects on the populations cultivated. A 15-days feeding, each third day, trial were conducted, to assess the organisms at final period. The results showed significant high difference (p 0.05). The results showed that the combination of their high concentrations of components enhanced the population growth of Daphnia magna, reaching a number of microcrustaceans of 826ª ± 9.57. These cladocerans for their characteristics of growth in culture, present favorable adaptation to the handling conditions to produce biomasses potentially useful as nutritious particle as live food in aquaculture purposes.RESUMEN: Se realizó el cultivo experimental de cladócero Daphnia magna alimentado con probióticos. Se realizaron 16 ensayos experimentales, en el laboratorio de larvicultura de peces y alimento vivo (Larpeali) de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad de Antioquia, bajo condiciones controladas de temperatura ambiente (21 - 25 °C), temperatura del agua (22 - 23 °C) y pH (7.6). Empleando una dieta de Saccharomyces cereviseae y un medio de enriquecimiento con ácidos grasos (n-6) proveniente de harina avena-soya. Las concentraciones de dieta y enriquecimiento fueron de 25 ppm y 12.5 ppm, en arreglo factorial 2x2 (2 niveles de dieta con levadura y 2 niveles dieta con avena de soya), los cultivos de Daphnia por tratamiento se realizaron con cuatro replicas con el fin de determinar su efecto sobre el desempeño de la población. Se alimentaron cada tercer día, durante 15 días, evaluándose el número de organismos al final del período. Se obtuvieron diferencias altamente significativas (p 0.05). Se evidenció que la combinación de estos componentes en sus concentraciones más altas potenció el crecimiento de la Daphnia magna, alcanzando un número de microcrustáceos de 826ª Daphnias/L ± 9.57. Se puede concluir que los cladóceros por sus características de crecimiento en cultivo, presentan adaptación favorable a las condiciones de manejo para la producción de biomasa útil como alimento vivo en acuicultura

Thalamic interaction between the input and the output systems of the basal ganglia

The striatal return through the thalamus is largely neglected in current studies dealing with basal ganglia function, and its role within this circuitry remains obscure. In this contribution the thalamus is regarded as an important place of interaction between the input and the output organization of the basal ganglia. In support of this idea, a brief overview is provided of some of the most recent findings concerning the thalamus in relation to the basal ganglia circuitry. In particular, we have focused on the thalamostriatal projections themselves, on the output of the basal ganglia to the thalamus and also on the overlapping territories between the thalamic projection of the output nuclei and the thalamostriatal neurons. These data support the existence of several thalamic feedback circuits within the basal ganglia neural system. Finally, some considerations are provided upon the functional significance of these thalamic feedback circuits in the overall organization of the basal ganglia

Resistencia antibiótica en Vibrio spp aislados de camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei. Alternativas de tratamiento con extractos de Azadirachta indica y Origanum vulgare

The study aimed to characterize the antibiotic resistance in Vibrio spp isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei and to test oregano (Origanum vulgare) and neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts for their inhibition. Farmed shrimp were collected in Santa Rosa (Ecuador) and samples of hepatopancreas, hemolymph and lesions were taken. Fourteen strains of Vibrio spp were isolated. Another 14 strains of Vibrio spp isolated from farmed shrimp from Tumbes (Peru) were obtained through a donation. The antibiotic resistance of the strains against 10 antibiotics and the sensitivity of four of them (two resistant and two multi-resistant to antibiotics) were evaluated using neem and oregano aqueous extracts (EA), ethanolic (EE), as well as purified with soxhlet and rota evaporator (EPSR). The 28 strains studied were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics, 64.3% were multi-resistant and 50% were resistant to oxytetracycline. Neem and oregano EA and EE did not inhibit any of the four strains, but the undiluted neem EPSR inhibited one of the four strains tested, showing a greater inhibitory effect even than oxytetracycline in it. Undiluted oregano EPSR inhibited all four strains tested. It is concluded that there is high antibiotic resistance in Vibrio spp isolated from farmed shrimp in Santa Rosa and Tumbes; that the EPSR of oregano is an interesting alternative to inhibit Vibrio spp resistant to antibiotics, as well as that the EPSR of neem could be used to inhibit some strains of Vibrio spp resistant to oxytetracycline.El estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la resistencia antibiótica en Vibrio spp aislados de Litopenaeus vannamei y ensayar extractos de orégano (Origanum vulgare) y neem (Azadirachta indica) para su inhibición. Se recolectaron camarones de cultivo en Santa Rosa (Ecuador) y se obtuvieron muestras de hepatopáncreas, hemolinfa y lesiones aislándose 14 cepas de Vibrio spp. También se obtuvo por donación otras 14 cepas de Vibrio spp aisladas de camarones de cultivo de Tumbes (Perú). Se evaluó la resistencia antibiótica de las cepas contra 10 antibióticos y la sensibilidad de cuatro de ellas (dos resistentes y dos multirresistentes a antibióticos) a extractos acuosos (EA), etanólicos (EE), así como purificados con soxhlet y rotaevaporador (EPSR) de neem y orégano. Las 28 cepas estudiadas fueron resistentes al menos a uno de los antibióticos, 64.3% fueron multirresistentes y 50% fueron resistentes a oxitetraciclina. Los EA y EE de neem y orégano no inhibieron a ninguna de las cuatro cepas, pero el EPSR de neem sin diluir inhibió a una de las cuatro cepas ensayadas, mostrando tener mayor efecto inhibidor incluso que la oxitetraciclina. Asimismo, el EPSR de orégano sin diluir inhibió a las cuatro cepas ensayadas. Se concluye que existe alta resistencia antibiótica en Vibrio spp aislados de camarones de cultivo en Santa Rosa y Tumbes; que el EPSR de orégano es una interesante alternativa para inhibir a Vibrio spp resistentes a antibióticos; asimismo, el EPSR de neem podría ser usado para inhibir algunas cepas de Vibrio spp resistentes a oxitetraciclina

Considerations on axial compressor bleed for sub-idle performance models

The trend towards increased bypass ratio and reduced core size in civil aero-engines puts a strain on ground-start and relight capability, prompting renewed interest in sub-idle performance modelling. While a number of studies have looked at some of the broad performance modelling issues prevalent in this regime, the effects that bleed can have on sub-idle performance have not been addressed in the literature. During start-up and relight, the unknown variation in bleed flows through open handling bleed valves can have a considerable impact on the compressor’s operating line. This paper combines experimental, numerical and analytical approaches to look at the effect that sub-idle bleed flows have on predicted start-up operating lines, along with their effect on compressor characteristics. Experimental whole-engine data along with a purpose-built core-flow analysis tool are used to assess the effect of bleed model uncertainty on engine performance models. An experimental rig is used to assess the effects of reverse bleed on compressor characteristics and measurements are compared against numerical results. Several strategies for the generation of sub-idle maps including bleed effects are investigated.European Union: Horizon 2020 Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertakin