Temperature Sensing Characteristics of Tapered Doped Fiber Amplifiers

We numerically analyze the temperature response of tapered doped fiber amplifiers and discuss their feasibility to be used as a sensing element in temperature fiber sensors. In particular, we consider Ytterbium (Yb) and Thulium (Tm) rare earths in the tapered doped fiber designs. We have modified the coupled propagation equations for the pump and signal radiations in order to include different taper structures and introduce the temperature dependence of the absorption and emission cross-sections of Yb and Tm ions. It was found that the temperature sensitivity of the amplified signal in Tm-doped fiber amplifiers is one order of magnitude higher than this obtained with Yb-doped fibers. Additionally, in all doped fibers, the temperature sensitivity of the signal radiation is higher for low pump powers in a co-propagating pump scheme, and it highly depends on the longitudinal shape of the taper used. Finally, for both Yb- and Tm-doped fibers, the temperature sensitivity can be increased if we use doped fiber lengths shorter than 1 m and pump powers lower than 300 mW. This study provides valuable information for the development of tapered fiber amplifiers doped with other rare earths and novel designs for doped fiber temperature sensors

The perception of the local population with respect to the impacts of tourism in the Pueblo Mágico of Tapalpa, Jalisco, Mexico

La actividad turística ha sido y es el motor de crecimiento de algunos municipios de México, en particular los denominados Pueblos Mágicos. Este es uno de los programas de turismo más exitosos. En este trabajo se efectuó un análisis sobre la percepción de la población local y los turistas acerca de los impactos que el turismo ha generado a partir de la denominación de Tapalpa como Pueblo Mágico. Para medir el impacto sobre la población local se realizó una encuesta a la población. La encuesta se dividió en seis segmentos para medir impactos positivos y negativos. Para el análisis se obtuvo la media aritmética de las respuestas a cada pregunta con el fin de analizar el grado de percepción global que la población y los turistas tienen sobre los impactos del turismo. El análisis de comparación de medias demuestra que los pobladores no diferencian entre los impactos positivos y negativos, ya que en ambos casos las medias están por encima de tres lo que significa que para ellos los impactos se dan indistintamente tanto para beneficiar a la población como para perjudicarla.Tourism has been and is the driving force behind development in many municipalities in Mexico, particularly in the network of so‑called “Magic Towns” or Pueblos Mágicos. This is one of the most successful tourism programmes. This paper presents an analysis of the perception of the local population with respect to the impact of tourism on Tapalpa after its designation as “Pueblo Mágico”. as reflected in a survey carried out on the general population. The survey was divided into six segments to measure both positive and negative impacts. The arithmetic mean value was calculated for each response to analyse the overall perception of the impact of tourism. The resulting mean comparison analysis shows that the residents do not differentiate between positive and negative impacts, since in all cases the mean is above three reflecting that the overall perception is both positive and negative., indicating that tourism is seen as a benefit and a danger at one and the same time

Empirical Wavelet Transform-based Detection of Anomalies in ULF Geomagnetic Signals Associated to Seismic Events with a Fuzzy Logic-based System for Automatic Diagnosis

Owing to the relevance and severity of damages caused by earthquakes (EQs), the development and application of new methods for seismic activity detection that offer an efficient and reliable diagnosis in terms of processing and performance are still demanding tasks. In this work, the application of the Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) for seismic detection in ultra-low-frequency (ULF) geomagnetic signals is presented. For this, several ULF signals associated to seismic activities and random calm periods are analysed. These signals have been obtained through a tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer at the Juriquilla station localized in Queretaro, Mexico, longitude -100.45° N and latitude 20.70°E. In order to show the advantages of the proposal, a comparison with the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is presented. The results shown a better detection capability of seismic signals before, during, and after the main shock than the ones obtained by the DWT, which makes the proposal a more suitable and reliable tool for this task. Finally, a fuzzy logic (FL)-based system for automatic diagnosis using the variance of the EWT outputs for the tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer signals is also proposed

Seasonal and Spatial Patterns in Salinity, Nutrients, and Chlorophyll α in the Alvarado Lagoonal System, Veracruz, Mexico

Ten monthly collections, distributed among three seasons, were taken from July 2000 to June 2001 in the Alvarado lagoonal system, Veracruz, Mexico. Variables measured in situ included dissolved oxygen, salinity, and water temperature. Water samples were collected to determine concentrations of ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, orthophosphates, total phosphorus and chlorophyll α. Collections representing the rainy season were taken in September and October, those for the nortes season were taken in November, December, and January, and dry season collections were taken during February, March, May June, and July. There was seasonal and spatial variation in nutrient concentrations, and they were related to the discharge of the rivers; concentrations increased during the rainy and nortes seasons. Other factors affecting water quality included the constant discharge of organic materials into the system, resuspension of sediments during the nortes season and the biological activity within the system that assimilated the nutrients in the water. The Alvarado lagoonal system has three separate zones based on physicochemical characteristics; Camaronera Lagoon, Buen Pais Lagoon and the urban zone of Alvarado Lagoon, and the river zone in Alvarado Lagoon

Clinical use of the parasympathetic tone activity index as a measurement of postoperative analgaesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

El articulo ya esta aceptado y sale publicado en el volumen de marzo que es el primero de este año 2021. Adjunto link http://jvetres.piwet.pulawy.pl/index.php/archive-pdf-a-abstractsAbstract Introduction: While the current tools to assess canine postoperative pain using physiological and behavioural parameters are reliable, an objective method such as the parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) index could improve postoperative care. The aim of the study was to determine the utility of the PTA index in assessing postoperative analgaesia. Material and Methods: Thirty healthy bitches of different breeds were randomly allocated into three groups for analgaesic treatment: the paracetamol group (GPARAC, n = 10) received 15 mg/kg b.w., the carprofen group (GCARP, n = 10) 4 mg/kg b.w., and the meloxicam group (GMELOX, n = 10) 0.2 mg/kg b.w. for 48 h after surgery. GPARAC was medicated orally every 8 h, while GCARP and GMELOX were medicated intravenously every 24 h. The PTA index was used to measure the analgaesia–nociception balance 1 h before surgery (baseline), and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, and 48 h after, at which times evaluation on the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) was made. Results: The baseline PTA index was 65 ± 8 for GPARAC, 65 ± 7 for GCARP, and 62 ± 5 for GMELOX. Postoperatively, it was 65 ± 9 for GPARAC, 63 ± 8 for GCARP, and 65 ± 8 for GMELOX. No statistically significant difference existed between baseline values or between values directly after treatments (P = 0.99 and P = 0.97, respectively). The PTA index showed a sensitivity of 40%, specificity of 98.46% and a negative predictive value of 99.07%. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the PTA index measures comfort and postoperative analgaesia objectively, since it showed a clinical relationship with the UMPS

Preliminary report on the July 10–11, 2015 explosive eruption at Volcán de Colima: Pyroclastic density currents with exceptional runouts and volume

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.11.022Reporte preliminar acerca de una de las últimas etapas eruptivas de Volcán de Colima, análisis realizado a partir de técnicas de percepción remotaOn July 10–11, 2015 an eruption occurred at Colima volcano produced 10.5 km long pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) along the Montegrande, and 6.5 km long along the San Antonio ravines. The summit dome was destroyed and a new crater excavated and breached to the south. This new breach connects to a narrow channel that descends along Colima's southern flank and was used by a subsequent lava flow. The Montegrande PDCs represent the longest and hottest flow of this type recorded during the past 30 years but are still smaller in comparison to the 15-km long PDCs produced during the 1913 Plinian eruption. Data obtained from field reconnaissance, lahar monitoring stations, and satellite imagery suggest that at least six PDCs occurred. The two largest PDCs (H/L 0.2) were able to surmount topographic barriers or bends. Based on field reconnaissance and digital elevation models extracted from SPOT satellite imageries we estimate a minimum volume for the valley-pond and distal fan deposits of 4.5 × 106 m3. After one week, the deposits were still hot with burning trees on the surface and millimeter-sized holes from which fumes were emanating. The juvenile components of the deposits consist of gray dense blocks and vesicular dark-gray blocks and bombs with bread-crust textures and cooling joints. The mineral association of these rocks consists of plagioclase + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + FeTi-oxides ± olivine and resorbed hornblende in a dark glassy matrix that corresponds to an andesitic composition.CONACY

Business consulting para la empresa Solagro S.A.C.

Solagro S.A.C. es una empresa ubicada en la ciudad de Trujillo que inició sus operaciones el 11 de julio del 2006, realizando labores de control productivo, fitosanitario y de plagas en los campos de cultivo. Actualmente, su actividad principal es la producción y comercialización de microorganismos benéficos, conocidos como controladores biológicos para el sector agrícola. También, ofrece asesoramiento técnico y capacitación para la aplicación y uso de los controladores biológicos y los servicios de análisis microbiológico de suelos. El objetivo de este business consulting es determinar qué ha provocado la falta de posicionamiento de la empresa en el mercado como una de sus dificultades más apremiantes. Para identificar este problema grave se dieron diversas reuniones entre el grupo de consultores y los representantes de la organización, se aplicó la Matriz de Complejidad versus Beneficio, y el análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas efectuadas; se usó el Diagrama de Ishikawa para presentar las causas del problema. Se logró determinar las razones que originaron el problema, está el desconocimiento del cliente sobre los beneficios del producto, la ausencia de un plan de difusión de los beneficios del producto y el desconocimiento de los medios para publicitar el producto. Según los hallazgos, se acordó implementar el ajuste de la propuesta a la realidad actual, usando el branding para mejorar los procesos del área de marketing de SOLAGRO S.A.C. Luego, se trazó un plan de implementación de tres meses para desarrollar diferentes actividades orientadas a tener un reenfoque estratégico que aporte valor, una campaña de promoción, el branding para construir la personalidad de la marca y el reconocimiento en el mercado. Se calculó un presupuesto requerido para dicha implementación de S/. 87,000.00. Esta inversión rentable será recuperada en tres años, siete meses y 12 días, obteniéndose un indicador de beneficio / costo de 1.72.Solagro S.A.C. is a company located in the city of Trujillo that began its operations on July 11, 2006, carrying out productive, phytosanitary and pest control tasks in the farmlands. At present, its main activity is the production and commercialization of beneficial microorganisms, known as biological controllers for the agricultural sector. It also offers technical advice and training for the application and use of biological controllers and soil microbiological analysis services. The objective of this business consulting is to determine what has caused the lack of positioning of the company in the market as one of its most pressing difficulties. To identify this serious problem, various meetings were held between the group of consultants and the representatives of the organization, the Complexity versus Benefit Matrix was used, and the qualitative analysis of the interviews; the Ishikawa Diagram was used to present the causes of the problem. It was possible to determine that among the reasons that originated the problem were the lack of knowledge of the client about the benefits of the product, the absence of a plan to publicize the benefits of the product and the lack of knowledge of the media to advertise the product. According to the findings, the agreement reached was to implement the adjustment of the proposal to the current reality, using branding to improve the processes of the marketing area of Solagro S.A.C. Then, a plan of implementation of three months was drawn up to develop different activities aimed at having a strategic refocusing that adds value, a promotional campaign, branding to build the brand's personality and recognition in the market. A budget required for this implementation of S /. 87,000.00 was calculated. This profitable investment will be recovered in three years, seven months and 12 days, obtaining a benefit / cost indicator of 1.72

Características textiles de la fibra de alpaca Huacaya, según zonas agroecológicas, sexo y edad en la Región Puno (Perú)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the agroecological zone on the textile characteristics of the alpaca fibre (Vicugna pacos) from herds of productive units of the dry Puna and wet Puna in the Puno region, according to sex and age. The samples were obtained from 5530 Huacaya alpacas. Fibre diameter (FD), Standard Deviation of Fibre Diameter (SDFD), Coefficient of Variation of Fibre Diameter (CVDF), Spin Fineness (SF), Curvature Index (ICur) and Standard Deviation of Curvature Index (SDICur) were recorded using the OFDA 2000 equipment. The effects of the agroecological zone in relation to sex and age (Deciduous teeth [DL], 2 teeth [2D], 4 teeth [4D] and all teeth [BLL]) were estimated using a randomized design with factorial arrangement and Duncan's multiple range test. The FF values are in the range of 13.3 to 34.5 μm with an average value of 20.32 μm. The alpacas from the wet Puna presented lower FD (13.3-34.5 μm) compared to those from the dry Puna (13.6-37.9 μm). Age and sex affect the FD, as BLL alpacas registered a higher FF compared to the DL alpacas (p<0.05). Likewise, a lower FD was observed in male alpacas compared to females (p<0.05). The correlation between agroecological zones, sex and age was demonstrated by obtaining a smaller diameter in male DL alpacas from wet Puna. In addition, a significant correlation was identified between the fibre quality evaluated from its textile characteristics with the agroecological zone.El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la zona agroecológica en las características textiles de la fibra de alpaca (Vicugna pacos), procedente de rebaños de unidades productivas de la Puna seca y Puna húmeda en la región Puno, según sexo y edad. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de 5530 alpacas Huacaya. El Diámetro de fibra (DF), Desviación estándar del diámetro de fibra (DEDF), Coeficiente de variación de diámetro de fibra (CVDF), Finura al hilado (FH), Índice de curvatura (IC) y Desviación estándar del índice de curvatura (DEIC) fueron registrados utilizando el equipo OFDA 2000. Los efectos de la zona agroecológica con relación al sexo y edad (Diente de leche [DL], 2 dientes [2D], 4 dientes [4D] y Boca llena [BLL]) se estimaron mediante un diseño al azar con arreglo factorial y prueba de rango múltiple de Duncan. Los valores de DF se encuentran en el rango de 13.3 a 34.5 μm con un valor promedio de 20.32 μm. Las alpacas de la Puna húmeda presentaron menor DF (13.3-34.5 μm) en comparación con las de la Puna seca (13.6-37.9 μm). La edad y el sexo inciden en el DF, pues las alpacas BLL registraron mayor DF frente a las alpacas DL (p<0.05). Asimismo, se observó un menor DF en alpacas macho en comparación con las hembras (p<0.05). La correlación entre zonas agroecológicas, sexo y edad se demostró al obtener menor diámetro en las alpacas macho DL de Puna húmeda. Además, se identificó una correlación significativa entre la calidad de fibra evaluada a partir de sus características textiles con la zona agroecológica

VISIONES DE LA EDUCACION FINANCIERA: Analisis y perspectivas.

Este libro es el resultado de un trabajo de investigación por parte de todos los autores quienes integraron los capítulos, por lo que agradecemos su confianza e interés para ser parte de este gran proyecto académico. Gracias a los enlaces de cada una de las Instituciones que aceptaron respaldar este libro: Marlen Rocío Reyes Hernández, Profesora-Investigadora de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; Rogelio Valenzuela Díaz, Decano de la Facultad de Economía de la Universidad de Panamá; Samuel Alberto Moreno Peralta, Presidente del Colegio de Economistas de Panamá, a los miembros de la Asociación Mexicana de Especialistas en Educación Financiera, Asociación Valor México y la Federación de Economistas de la República Mexicana. Asimismo, hacemos una deferencia a los jóvenes talentosos que acompañaron en la coordinación del documento final, entrañables alumnos, becarios y amigos: Julio César Silva Vázquez y Alfredo Larry Vargas Hernández, que estamos convencidas que alcanzarán todas sus metas que se propongan en la vida. También es necesario reconocer a nuestras amadas familias que compartieron el tiempo de convivencia, para que lográramos la realización de este libroVisiones de la educación financiera: análisis y perspectivas es una obra que enmarca la importancia de la educación financiera en la sociedad en el contexto actual. Las decisiones que en este tema realiza un individuo pueden impactar positiva o negativamente su estabilidad económica por un periodo indeterminado, es aquí cuando la educación financiera actúa como una herramienta trascendental en su bienestar personal. Además de tener la función de armadura ante las batallas que se libran en los mercados —como la crisis financiera de 2008— funge como dinamizador de las economías al potenciar los proyectos de inversión con el aumento del emprendedurismo, impactando así en las variables macroeconómicas. Esta área del conocimiento ha adquirido importancia y popularidad a nivel internacional a raíz de las crisis económicas de los últimos años, sin embargo, aún existen, entre otras, brechas sociodemográficas, culturales, económicas, que no permiten el acceso a estas enseñanzas, excluyendo parte de la población del proceso del bienestar económico. Para ejemplificar esta desigualdad, en los capítulos se plasma un panorama internacional de la educación financiera, considerando las implicaciones y retos que han tenido las estrategias nacionales de educación financiera a nivel mundial