Técnicas para la preparación de ftalocianinas

Se reportan diversas técnicas de preparación de los ftalocianinatos de metales de los bloques d y f a partir de distintos precursores (ftalonitrilo, urea y anhídrido ftálico, ftalimida y ácido ftálico, entre otros). Se presentan los métodos tradicionales de síntesis, así como algunos no convencionales de uso actual como son las síntesis con ultrasonido, láser, microondas o por transformación nuclear. Se presta especial atención a la electrosíntesis directa de las ftalocianinas y a su obtención a temperaturas relativamente bajas. Se examinan grupos selectos de ftalocianinas tales como los ftalocianinatos de actínidos y los radicales ftalocianinas. Se comparan las diferentes técnicas sintéticas, así como sus posibles combinaciones

Síntesis y estudio de complejamiento de nuevos receptores con metales lantánidos y de transición

En la presente investigación se llevó a cabo la síntesis de diversos macroligandos derivados de bases de Schiff y su estudio en la formación de complejos con iones metálicos de la serie de los lantánidos y de transición, el trabajo se enfocó a dos tipos de receptores: poliaza (átomos de nitrógeno como donadores) y polioxaaza (átomos de nitrógeno y oxígeno donadores)

Perspectiva de género

The gender perspective, as a sociocultural phenomenon, has been the cause of a narrow sense of interpretation and implementation of the law, by the different jurisdictional and administratives authorities. In this light, a more extensive protection and solving problems related to gender are needed, due to the number of violations or abuses against women, precisely because of their humangender. of official sources; all this, in order to propose a first approach to the issue.La perspectiva de género como fenómeno sociocultural ha sido causa de estricta interpretación y aplicación de la ley, por los diferentes órganos jurisdiccionales y administrativos en la solución de un conflicto que comprende a estas mismas competencias. Razón por la cual desde este punto de vista, emerge una protección más garantista por parte de las autoridades en conflictos relacionados al género, y que para el caso en particular, donde más violaciones o abusos han existido son en contra de la mujer, precisamente a causa de su condición de género

N,N′-Bis(2-ammoniobenzyl)ethane-1,2-diammonium–nitrate–perchlorate (1/1.5/2.5)

The title compound, C16H26N44+·2.5ClO4−·1.5NO3−, is an organic salt in which the cation is a fully protonated tetramine. The cation lies on an inversion center and, as a consequence, both benzene rings are parallel. The central chain is found in an all-trans arrangement, a conformation different from that observed in the crystal structure of the non-protonated molecule. The charges are balanced by a mixture of nitrate and perchlorate ions. One site is occupied by an ordered perchlorate ion, while the other contains both nitrate and perchlorate ions, with occupancies of 0.75 and 0.25, respectively. In the crystal, the NH2+ groups of the cation form N—H...O hydrogen bonds with the anions. The NH3+ groups also behave as donor groups, allowing the building of chains along [100], alternating cations and disordered anions being connected via N—H...O hydrogen bonds

2,2′-(2,6-Pyridinediyl)diquinoline

The title molecule, C23H15N3, is a terpyridine derivative resulting from the Friedländer annulation between 2,6-diacetylpyridine and N,N′-bis(2-aminobenzyl)ethylenediamine. The asymmetric unit contains one half-molecule, the complete molecule being generated by a mirror plane (one N atom and one C atom lie on the plane). The molecule, although aromatic, is deformed from planarity as a result of crystal packing forces: molecules are stacked along the short c axis, with a short separation of 3.605 (1) Å between the mean planes. The bent molecular shape is reflected in the dihedral angle of 16.10 (5)° between the essentially planar quinoline groups. In addition to π...π interactions, the crystal structure features weak inter-stack C—H...N contacts involving atoms of the central pyridine rings which lie in a common crystallographic m plane

The Sabinas River in Coahuila – a new hotspot of molluscan biodiversity near Cuatro Ciénegas, Chihuahuan Desert, northern Mexico

The malacofauna of the Sabinas River, Don Martin basin, Coahuila, North Mexico, was studied conchologically at nine sites. In total, 23 species of freshwater molluscs, of which 21 are native and two invasive, were found. Nineteen species are gastropods and four species bivalves. One genus and two species of subterranean (interstitial) gastropods are endemic to the area and with Lyogyrus sp. we reported for the first time a member of the family Amnicolidae in Mexico. Mexithauma quadripaludium Taylor, 1966, and Juturnia coahuilae (Taylor, 1966) (Cochliopidae), previously known only as endemics from the neighboring Cuatro Ciénegas basin, were found for the first time living out of this basin.

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Pigmentos tipo ftalocianinas no sustituidas: obtención y propiedades

Se describe una clase de compuestos de coordinación que han sido de gran importancia industrial y académica durante casi un siglo: la ftalocianina no sustituida y sus complejos metálicos. Se describen sus propiedades químicas y físicas y se presentan las técnicas de sintetización comunes para su obtención

Metales activados de Rieke: parte I, preparación y empleo en la obtención de reactivos de Grignard.

En este artículo se examinan las técnocas de activación de metales para producir "los metales de Rieke" (metales de muy alta reactividad y área superficial