Malnutrición y cobertura de programas, un estudio piloto en niños indígenas tenek en Tocoy, México

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Efecto de una intervención educativa en la hemoglobina capilar en una comunidad indígena de la Huasteca Potosina. Estudio piloto

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess an educational intervention emphasizing the use of foods available in an indigenous community in the Huasteca Potosina on capillary hemoglobin.Material and methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest study was carried out December 2014 to December 2015 in children aged 0 to 5 years in the community of Tocoy, San Antonio, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. A 6 months intervention consisted in nutritional education workshops which included informational talks, cooking workshops and feedback of the main topics was carried out. An evaluation was performed in which nutritional status (anthropometric measurements and capillary hemoglobin concentration) and macro and micronutrient intake (24-hour recall) were assessed before and 4 months after the intervention. Results: We found that our intervention had significant effects on hemoglobin values increased from 11.3±1.3 to 12.0±1.4 mg/dl (p=0.025), and the anemia prevalence decrease from 37% to 25,9%. Conclusions: An educational intervention emphasizing the use of foods available in the community could contribute to improve capillary hemoglobin concentration in children from an indigenous community in the Huasteca Potosina.Introducción: El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa contextualizada a los alimentos disponibles en una comunidad indígena de la Huasteca Potosina, sobre la hemoglobina capilar.Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuasiexperimental pretest-postest de un solo grupo, de diciembre de 2014 a diciembre de 2015 en niños indígenas de 0 a 5 años, de la comunidad de Tocoy, San Antonio, San Luis Potosí, México. Se realizó una intervención de 6 meses y constó de talleres de educación nutricional los cuales incluían pláticas informativas, talleres de cocina y retroalimentación de los conocimientos impartidos. Se realizó una evaluación previa a la intervención y 4 meses posteriores a esta, en la que se valoró el estado nutricio (medidas antropométricas y concentración de hemoglobina capilar) y la ingesta de macro y micronutrimentos (recordatorios de 24 horas). Resultados: Se encontró un aumento en la concentración de hemoglobina capilar de 11,3±1,3 a 12,0±1,4 mg/dl (p=0,025) y la prevalencia de anemia disminuyó de 37 a 25.9%.Conclusiones: Una intervención educativa contextualizada a los alimentos disponibles en una comunidad puede contribuir a mejorar las concentraciones de hemoglobina capilar en niños menores de 5 años en una comunidad indígena de la Huasteca potosina

Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products and Aging

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous, complex group of compounds that are formed when reducing sugar reacts in a non-enzymatic way with amino acids in proteins and other macromolecules. This occurs both exogenously (in food) and endogenously (in humans) with greater concentrations found in older adults. While higher AGEs occur in both healthy older adults and those with chronic diseases, research is progressing to both quantify AGEs in food and in people, and to identify mechanisms that would explain why some human tissues are damaged, and others are not. In the last twenty years, there has been increased evidence that AGEs could be implicated in the development of chronic degenerative diseases of aging, such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease and with complications of diabetes mellitus. Results of several studies in animal models and humans show that the restriction of dietary AGEs has positive effects on wound healing, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the effect of restriction in AGEs intake has been reported to increase the lifespan in animal models. This paper will summarize the work that has been published for both food AGEs and in vivo AGEs and their relation with aging, as well as provide suggestions for future research

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

The relationship between dietary advanced glycation end products and diabetes related complications

One of the research areas that has gained interest in recent years in order to explain diabetes-related complications is the accumulation of a group of compounds called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs can be formed in the body and contribute to vascular damage in diabetes. In addition, AGEs can be found in some foods rich in protein and fat (high cooking temperatures increases its formation) and some research shows that they can also accumulate in the body and could have a role in diabetes complications. Some studies also have shown that higher intake of AGEs could increase the risk of diabetes-related complication by elevating inflammatory and oxidation markers even in states when glucose levels are normal. However, the association between AGEs consumption and diabetes-related complications has not been demonstrated. In this study, we tried to identify if high intake of AGEs results in an increased risk for complications in patients with DM type 2 in two different ethnicities (Mexicans and non-Hispanic Whites). Because the association between AGEs consumption and diabetes-related complications has not been studied due to the long-term data needed for AGE intake. In addition, we were also interested in developing an assessment tool (a food frequency questionnaire) to categorize whether AGEs intake is high, moderate or low in order to assess AGEs intake related to DM complications in the different populations studied. This study showed that for each unit increase in the transformed dietary AGEs (LogAGEs), participants were 3.7 times more likely to have moderate-high risk for cardiovascular disease. The present study also found that the food frequency questionnaire is comparable to 7 days of Food Records to measure dAGEs. In conclusion, dietary AGEs were associated with the risk level for diabetes-related cardiovascular complications, which should be explored in future research

Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products and Aging

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous, complex group of compounds that are formed when reducing sugar reacts in a non-enzymatic way with amino acids in proteins and other macromolecules. This occurs both exogenously (in food) and endogenously (in humans) with greater concentrations found in older adults. While higher AGEs occur in both healthy older adults and those with chronic diseases, research is progressing to both quantify AGEs in food and in people, and to identify mechanisms that would explain why some human tissues are damaged, and others are not. In the last twenty years, there has been increased evidence that AGEs could be implicated in the development of chronic degenerative diseases of aging, such as cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease and with complications of diabetes mellitus. Results of several studies in animal models and humans show that the restriction of dietary AGEs has positive effects on wound healing, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the effect of restriction in AGEs intake has been reported to increase the lifespan in animal models. This paper will summarize the work that has been published for both food AGEs and in vivo AGEs and their relation with aging, as well as provide suggestions for future research

Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein hydrolysates reduce acute postprandial glucose levels in adults with prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance

This study evaluated the acute effect of black bean protein hydrolysate (BPH) on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or prediabetes. First, an in silico predictive digestion was performed on twenty peptides identified in BPH. Then, 28 adults with NGT or prediabetes were randomized to a parallel double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Following consent, participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, placebo, or 5 g of BPH. To evaluate the acute effects of BPH, an oral glucose tolerance test was administered, and blood samples were collected at 60, 120, and 150 min. In the 5 g BPH group, the area under the curve for glucose, and glucose levels at 120 min were statistically lower compared to the placebo group (p = 0.04, p = 0.02). In this study, BPH had an acute glucose lowering effect after an oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with NGT or prediabetes

Efecto de una intervención educativa en la hemoglobina capilar en una comunidad indígena de la Huasteca Potosina. Estudio piloto

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess an educational intervention emphasizing the use of foods available in an indigenous community in the Huasteca Potosina on capillary hemoglobin. Material and methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest study was carried out December 2014 to December 2015 in children aged 0 to 5 years in the community of Tocoy, San Antonio, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. A 6 months intervention consisted in nutritional education workshops which included informational talks, cooking workshops and feedback of the main topics was carried out. An evaluation was performed in which nutritional status (anthropometric measurements and capillary hemoglobin concentration) and macro and micronutrient intake (24-hour recall) were assessed before and 4 months after the intervention. Results: We found that our intervention had significant effects on hemoglobin values increased from 11.3±1.3 to 12.0±1.4 mg/dl (p=0.025), and the anemia prevalence decrease from 37% to 25,9%. Conclusions: An educational intervention emphasizing the use of foods available in the community could contribute to improve capillary hemoglobin concentration in children from an indigenous community in the Huasteca Potosina.Introducción: El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa contextualizada a los alimentos disponibles en una comunidad indígena de la Huasteca Potosina, sobre la hemoglobina capilar. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuasiexperimental pretest-postest de un solo grupo, de diciembre de 2014 a diciembre de 2015 en niños indígenas de 0 a 5 años, de la comunidad de Tocoy, San Antonio, San Luis Potosí, México. Se realizó una intervención de 6 meses y constó de talleres de educación nutricional los cuales incluían pláticas informativas, talleres de cocina y retroalimentación de los conocimientos impartidos. Se realizó una evaluación previa a la intervención y 4 meses posteriores a esta, en la que se valoró el estado nutricional (medidas antropométricas y concentración de hemoglobina capilar) y la ingesta de macro y micronutrimentos (recordatorios de 24 horas). Resultados: Se encontró un aumento en la concentración de hemoglobina capilar de 11,3±1,3 a 12,0±1,4 mg/dl (p=0,025) y la prevalencia de anemia disminuyó de 37 a 25.9%. Conclusiones: Una intervención educativa contextualizada a los alimentos disponibles en una comunidad puede contribuir a mejorar las concentraciones de hemoglobina