19 research outputs found

    Design of a Robust and Flexible Grammar for Speech Control

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    Voice interaction is an established automatization and accessibility feature. While many satisfactory speech recognition solutions are available today, the interpretation of text se-mantic is in some use-cases difficult. Differentiated can be two types of text semantic ex-traction models: probabilistic and pure rule-based. Rule-based reasoning is formalizable into grammars and enables fast language validation, transparent decision-making and easy customization. In this thesis we develop a context-free ANTLR semantic grammar to control software by speech in a medical, smart glasses related, domain. The implementation is preceded by research of state-of-the-art, requirements consultation and a thorough design of reusable system abstractions. Design includes definitions of DSL, meta grammar, generic system ar-chitecture and tool support. Additionally, we investigate trivial and experimental grammar improvement techniques. Due to multifaceted flexibility and robustness of the designed framework, we indicate its usability in critical and adaptive systems. We determine 75% semantic recognition accuracy in the medical main use-case. We compare it against se-mantic extraction using SpaCy and two fine-tuned AI classifiers. The evaluation reveals high accuracy of BERT for sequence classification and big potential of hybrid solutions with AI techniques on top grammars, essentially for detection of alerts. The accuracy is strong dependent on input quality, highlighting the importance of speech recognition tailored to specific vocabulary.:1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 CAIS.ME Project 2 1.3 Problem Statement 2 1.4 Thesis Overview 3 2 Related Work 4 3 Foundational Concepts and Systems 6 3.1 Human-Computer Interaction in Speech 6 3.2 Speech Recognition 7 3.2.1 Open-source technologies 8 3.2.2 Other technologies 9 3.3 Language Recognition 9 3.3.1 Regular expressions 10 3.3.2 Lexical tokenization 10 3.3.3 Parsing 10 3.3.4 Domain Specific Languages 11 3.3.5 Formal grammars 11 3.3.6 Natural Language Processing 12 3.3.7 Model-Driven Engineering 14 4 State-of-the-Art: Grammars 15 4.1 Overview 15 4.2 Workbenches for Grammar Design 16 4.2.1 ANTLR 16 4.2.2 Xtext 17 4.2.3 JetBrains MPS 17 4.2.4 Other tools 18 4.3 Design Approaches 19 5 Problem Analysis 23 5.1 Methodology 23 5.2 Identification of Use-Cases 24 5.3 Requirements Analysis 26 5.3.1 Functional requirements 26 5.3.2 Qualitative requirements 26 5.3.3 Acceptance criteria 27 6 Design 29 6.1 Preprocessing 29 6.2 Underlying Domain Specific Modelling 31 6.2.1 Language model definition 31 6.2.2 Formalization 32 6.2.3 Constraints 32 6.3 Generic Grammar Syntax 33 6.4 Architecture 36 6.5 Integration of AI Techniques 38 6.6 Grammar Improvement 40 6.6.1 Identification of synonyms 40 6.6.2 Automatic addition of synonyms 42 6.6.3 Addition of same-meaning strings 42 6.6.4 Addition and modification of rules 43 6.7 Processing of unrecognized input 44 6.8 Summary 45 7 Implementation and Evaluation 47 7.1 Development Environment 47 7.2 Implementation 48 7.2.1 Grammar model transformation 48 7.2.2 Output construction 50 7.2.3 Testing 50 7.2.4 Reusability for similar use-cases 51 7.3 Limitations and Challenges 52 7.4 Comparison to NLP Solutions 54 8 Conclusion 58 8.1 Summary of Findings 58 8.2 Future Research and Development 60 Acronyms 62 Bibliography 63 List of Figures 73 List of Tables 74 List of Listings 7

    Entwicklung und Untersuchung eines Konzepts zur Nutzung von Indoor-Positioning-Technologie in Systemen für adaptive, mobile Informationsbereitstellung

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    Die dynamische Entwicklung mobiler Systeme macht es erforderlich, adaptive Informationen auf der Grundlage der Position von Objekten bereitzustellen. Im Anwendungsgebiet der Indoor Positioning, bei dem die Signale des globalen Navigationssatellitensystems nicht erreichbar sind, existiert bisher keine Standardlösung für die optimale Umsetzung. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird die Umsetzung anhand von realen und abstrakten Systemen für die adaptive und mobile Bereitstellung von Informationen analysiert und in Bezug auf den medizinischen Bereich vertieft. Dementsprechend wird die Integration mehrerer Positionierungsverfahren in ein System zur Nutzung von Smart Glasses implementiert. Der Entwurf- und Implementierungsprozess basiert auf einer Analyse aktueller Lösungen und Methoden. Abschließend ist das Konzept mit Hilfe einer Anforderungsanalyse, einer Evaluationsstrategie und einer Simulationsumgebung untersucht worden.:1. Einleitung 1 2. Adaptive, mobile Informationsbereitstellung 5 3. Indoor Positioning 10 4. Analyse 18 5. Design und Realisierung 25 6. Evaluation 33 7. Diskussion und Fazit 3

    Uraz cyklisty jako przyczyna objawów przewlekłego niedokrwienia kończyny dolnej u młodych chorych

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    This paper presents four cases of chronic leg ischaemia in young patients which occured as a result of the sustainment a blunt injury of the iliac or femoral artery in the inguinal region. The time from the occurence of the injury to when the diagnosis was made was from 3 weeks to 6 months. In all cases, a sectional arterial occlusion, with a lack of symptoms of sharp ischaemia, was confirmed during an angiographic examination. Three patients were operated on; in two cases, with a vascular reconstruction being performed intraoperatively using their own saphenous vein and in one case, employing a Dacron prosthesis. In one patient surgery was abandoned because of the lack of the patient’s informed consent.W artykule przedstawiono 4 przypadki przewlekłego niedokrwienia kończyny dolnej u pacjentów w młodym wieku w wyniku doznania tępego urazu tętnicy biodrowej lub udowej wspólnej w okolicy pachwinowej. Czas od urazu do rozpoznania wynosił od 3 tygodni do 6 miesięcy. We wszystkich przypadkach podczas badania angiograficznego stwierdzono odcinkową niedrożność tętnicy przy braku objawów ostrego niedokrwienia. Trzech chorych operowano, wykonując rekonstrukcję z użyciem własnej żyły odpiszczelowej (2 chorych) i wstawki dakronowej (1 chory). U 1 pacjenta odstąpiono od leczenia operacyjnego ze względu na brak zgody

    Zastosowanie stentu przełykowego do leczenia pooperacyjnej przetoki zespolenia przełykowo-żołądkowego - opis przypadku

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    W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono przypadek leczenia pooperacyjnej nieszczelności zespolenia przełykowo-żołądkowego z wykorzystaniem powlekanego stentu. Omówiono wady i zalety postępowania

    Prevalence of extracranial venous abnormalities: results from a sample of 586 multiple sclerosis patients

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    The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in an unselected cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. A total of 586 patients with clinically defined MS underwent catheter venography of the internal jugular veins, brachiocephalic veins and azygos vein. The following findings were regarded as pathologic: no outflow, slowed outflow, reversal of flow direction, prestenotic dilation accompanied by impaired outflow, outflow through collaterals, intraluminal structures obstructing the vein, hypoplasia, agenesia or significant narrowing of the vein. Venous abnormalities were found in 563 patients (96.1%). Lesions in one vein were found in 43.5%, in two veins in 49.5%, and in three veins in 3.1% of patients. Venous pathologies in the right internal jugular vein were found in 64.0% of patients, in the left internal jugular vein in 81.7%, in the left brachiocephalic vein in 1.0%, and in the azygos vein in 4.9%. Venous pathologies were found to be highly associated with MS, yet the clinical relevance of this phenomenon remains to be establishe

    Endovascular treatment of iliac vein occlusion. Case report

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    Do Kliniki Chirurgii Ogólnej i Naczyń Śląskiej Akademii Medycznej w Katowicach przyjęto 26-letnią chorą z niewydolnością układu żylnego kończyny dolnej. U chorej w czasie ciąży wystąpiła zakrzepica żyły biodrowej. W badaniu ultrasonograficznym potwierdzono niedrożność lewej żyły biodrowej wspólnej. Chorą zakwalifikowano do leczenia endowaskularnego. Implantowano dwa stenty samorozprężalne i wykonano przezskórną angioplastykę żyły, dzięki czemu uzyskano pełną rekanalizację niedrożnej żyły biodrowej.A 26-year old female was admitted to the Department of General and Vascular Surgery with left common iliac vein occlusion. Three years earlier she underwent iliac vein thrombosis, which occurred during the 9th month of pregnancy. An ultrasound Doppler examination showed complete occlusion of the left iliac common vein. She was therefore qualified to undergo endovascular treatment. A PTA of the iliac vein was done and then two stents were implanted. The control ascending venography revealed flow restoration in the vein

    Analiza zaburzeń neuropsychiatrycznych wywołanych infekcją Tropheryma whipplei

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    Whipple’s disease is a rare, chronic systemic infection caused by gram-positive Tropheryma whipplei actinobacterium.So far, the reasons for the Tropheryma whipplei infection have not been explained. Clinical symptoms are non-specificand may suggest other diseases, mainly gastrointestinal disease. Nervous system symptoms such as personality disorders,behavioral disorders, depressive symptoms and disturbances of consciousness are also observed.The aim of the study is to collect information on neuropsychological disorders found in Whipple’s disease.Central nervous system (CNS) involvement can take place in three cases: classic form, in the relapse of previously treatedclassic form (with changes in the digestive system) and in isolated CNS infection (without evidence of gastrointestinalinvolvement by T. whipplei). Neurological disorders resulting from CNS involvement are variable and may be similar toother diseases of the nervous system. Treatment is difficult due to the long-term course of the disease and non-specificityof its symptoms, which is why the problem is the selection of effective pharmacotherapy. Untreated disease resultsin worsening neuropsychological disorders. Pharmacotherapy involves the use of antibiotics. The use of antibacterialtherapy reduces the risk of recurrence of clinical symptoms.Choroba Whipple’a jest rzadkim, przewlekłym zakażeniem układowym wywołanym przez gram-dodatnie aktynobakterie Tropheryma whipplei. Dotychczas nie wyjaśniono przyczyn zakażenia tym patogenem. Objawy kliniczne są niespecyficzne i mogą sugerować inne choroby, w tym głównie choroby układu pokarmowego. Obserwuje się również objawy ze strony układu nerwowego, takie jak zaburzenia osobowości, zaburzenia zachowania, objawy depresyjne oraz zaburzenia świadomości. Celem pracy jest zebranie informacji na temat zaburzeń neuropsychologicznych występujących w Chorobie Whipple’a. Zajęcie ośrodkowego układu nerwowego (OUN) może mieć miejsce w trzech przypadkach: klasycznej postaci, w nawrocie wcześniej leczonej klasycznej postaci (ze zmianami w układzie pokarmowym) oraz w izolowanej infekcji OUN (bez dowodów zajęcia układu pokarmowego przez T. whipplei). Zaburzenia neurologiczne wynikające z zajęcia OUN są różnorodne i mogą być podobne do innych chorób układu nerwowego. Leczenie jest utrudnione ze względu na długotrwały przebieg choroby i niespecyficzność jej objawów, dlatego też problemem jest dobór skutecznej farmakoterapii. Nieleczona choroba skutkuje pogłębieniem zaburzeń neuropsychologicznych. Farmakoterapia polega na zastosowaniu antybiotyków. Wdrożenie terapii przeciwbakteryjnej zmniejsza ryzyko nawrotów objawów klinicznych

    Entwicklung und Untersuchung eines Konzepts zur Nutzung von Indoor-Positioning-Technologie in Systemen für adaptive, mobile Informationsbereitstellung

    Get PDF
    Die dynamische Entwicklung mobiler Systeme macht es erforderlich, adaptive Informationen auf der Grundlage der Position von Objekten bereitzustellen. Im Anwendungsgebiet der Indoor Positioning, bei dem die Signale des globalen Navigationssatellitensystems nicht erreichbar sind, existiert bisher keine Standardlösung für die optimale Umsetzung. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird die Umsetzung anhand von realen und abstrakten Systemen für die adaptive und mobile Bereitstellung von Informationen analysiert und in Bezug auf den medizinischen Bereich vertieft. Dementsprechend wird die Integration mehrerer Positionierungsverfahren in ein System zur Nutzung von Smart Glasses implementiert. Der Entwurf- und Implementierungsprozess basiert auf einer Analyse aktueller Lösungen und Methoden. Abschließend ist das Konzept mit Hilfe einer Anforderungsanalyse, einer Evaluationsstrategie und einer Simulationsumgebung untersucht worden.:1. Einleitung 1 2. Adaptive, mobile Informationsbereitstellung 5 3. Indoor Positioning 10 4. Analyse 18 5. Design und Realisierung 25 6. Evaluation 33 7. Diskussion und Fazit 3

    Design of a Robust and Flexible Grammar for Speech Control

    No full text
    Voice interaction is an established automatization and accessibility feature. While many satisfactory speech recognition solutions are available today, the interpretation of text se-mantic is in some use-cases difficult. Differentiated can be two types of text semantic ex-traction models: probabilistic and pure rule-based. Rule-based reasoning is formalizable into grammars and enables fast language validation, transparent decision-making and easy customization. In this thesis we develop a context-free ANTLR semantic grammar to control software by speech in a medical, smart glasses related, domain. The implementation is preceded by research of state-of-the-art, requirements consultation and a thorough design of reusable system abstractions. Design includes definitions of DSL, meta grammar, generic system ar-chitecture and tool support. Additionally, we investigate trivial and experimental grammar improvement techniques. Due to multifaceted flexibility and robustness of the designed framework, we indicate its usability in critical and adaptive systems. We determine 75% semantic recognition accuracy in the medical main use-case. We compare it against se-mantic extraction using SpaCy and two fine-tuned AI classifiers. The evaluation reveals high accuracy of BERT for sequence classification and big potential of hybrid solutions with AI techniques on top grammars, essentially for detection of alerts. The accuracy is strong dependent on input quality, highlighting the importance of speech recognition tailored to specific vocabulary.:1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 CAIS.ME Project 2 1.3 Problem Statement 2 1.4 Thesis Overview 3 2 Related Work 4 3 Foundational Concepts and Systems 6 3.1 Human-Computer Interaction in Speech 6 3.2 Speech Recognition 7 3.2.1 Open-source technologies 8 3.2.2 Other technologies 9 3.3 Language Recognition 9 3.3.1 Regular expressions 10 3.3.2 Lexical tokenization 10 3.3.3 Parsing 10 3.3.4 Domain Specific Languages 11 3.3.5 Formal grammars 11 3.3.6 Natural Language Processing 12 3.3.7 Model-Driven Engineering 14 4 State-of-the-Art: Grammars 15 4.1 Overview 15 4.2 Workbenches for Grammar Design 16 4.2.1 ANTLR 16 4.2.2 Xtext 17 4.2.3 JetBrains MPS 17 4.2.4 Other tools 18 4.3 Design Approaches 19 5 Problem Analysis 23 5.1 Methodology 23 5.2 Identification of Use-Cases 24 5.3 Requirements Analysis 26 5.3.1 Functional requirements 26 5.3.2 Qualitative requirements 26 5.3.3 Acceptance criteria 27 6 Design 29 6.1 Preprocessing 29 6.2 Underlying Domain Specific Modelling 31 6.2.1 Language model definition 31 6.2.2 Formalization 32 6.2.3 Constraints 32 6.3 Generic Grammar Syntax 33 6.4 Architecture 36 6.5 Integration of AI Techniques 38 6.6 Grammar Improvement 40 6.6.1 Identification of synonyms 40 6.6.2 Automatic addition of synonyms 42 6.6.3 Addition of same-meaning strings 42 6.6.4 Addition and modification of rules 43 6.7 Processing of unrecognized input 44 6.8 Summary 45 7 Implementation and Evaluation 47 7.1 Development Environment 47 7.2 Implementation 48 7.2.1 Grammar model transformation 48 7.2.2 Output construction 50 7.2.3 Testing 50 7.2.4 Reusability for similar use-cases 51 7.3 Limitations and Challenges 52 7.4 Comparison to NLP Solutions 54 8 Conclusion 58 8.1 Summary of Findings 58 8.2 Future Research and Development 60 Acronyms 62 Bibliography 63 List of Figures 73 List of Tables 74 List of Listings 7

    Entwicklung und Untersuchung eines Konzepts zur Nutzung von Indoor-Positioning-Technologie in Systemen für adaptive, mobile Informationsbereitstellung

    No full text
    Die dynamische Entwicklung mobiler Systeme macht es erforderlich, adaptive Informationen auf der Grundlage der Position von Objekten bereitzustellen. Im Anwendungsgebiet der Indoor Positioning, bei dem die Signale des globalen Navigationssatellitensystems nicht erreichbar sind, existiert bisher keine Standardlösung für die optimale Umsetzung. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird die Umsetzung anhand von realen und abstrakten Systemen für die adaptive und mobile Bereitstellung von Informationen analysiert und in Bezug auf den medizinischen Bereich vertieft. Dementsprechend wird die Integration mehrerer Positionierungsverfahren in ein System zur Nutzung von Smart Glasses implementiert. Der Entwurf- und Implementierungsprozess basiert auf einer Analyse aktueller Lösungen und Methoden. Abschließend ist das Konzept mit Hilfe einer Anforderungsanalyse, einer Evaluationsstrategie und einer Simulationsumgebung untersucht worden.:1. Einleitung 1 2. Adaptive, mobile Informationsbereitstellung 5 3. Indoor Positioning 10 4. Analyse 18 5. Design und Realisierung 25 6. Evaluation 33 7. Diskussion und Fazit 3
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