Extraoral implants in irradiated pacients

The aim of this study is to analyze the success of extraoral osseointegrated implants used to support designed to rehabilitate craniofacial deformities. METHOD: This study was based on the retrospective assessment of charts from 59 patients submitted to cancer surgery and who received 164 extraoral implants to contain facial prosthesis. RESULTS: Among 164 implants, 42 were fixed in previously irradiated regions. Eight of the implants did not have osseointegration; and from these, two were fixed in irradiated bone. The result show 116 (95.1%) successfully osseointegrated implants in non-irradiated sites. The success rate among 42 implants fixed in previously irradiated bones was 40 (95.3%) osseointegrated implants. CONCLUSION: The use of extraoral craniofacial implants represents a safe and effective approach to treat facial deformities as a support for the rehabilitation prosthesis. Radiotherapy treatment does not prevent osseointegration.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o resultado da osseointegração de implantes extraorais lemento de suporte e retenção de próteses nas reabilitações de deformidades faciais. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de prontuários de 59 indivíduos operados de câncer, submetidos a 164 implantes para retenção de prótese facial. RESULTADOS: Dos 59 indivíduos, 14 foram previamente irradiados e receberam 42 implantes. Quarenta e cinco indivíduos não foram irradiados e receberam 122 implantes. Do total de 164 implantes, oito não osseointegraram, dos quais dois foram instalados em osso previamente irradiados. O resultado representou o sucesso de 116 (95,1%) implantes osseointegrados nos indivíduos não irradiados. E sucesso de 40 (95,3%) implantes osseointegrados em ossos irradiados. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que o uso de implantes extraorais é uma técnica segura e eficaz como suporte e retenção para próteses faciais em indivíduos com deformidades nessa região. A radioterapia não impede a osseointegração.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de OtorrinolaringologiaUniversidade PaulistaUNIFESP, Depto. de OtorrinolaringologiaSciEL

Evaluation of additive manufacturing processes in the production of oculo-palpebral prosthesis [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

"Background: Within the broad spectrum of rehabilitation, maxillofacial prostheses are those that are made to restore the appearance of a person who has suffered facial deformation due to cancer, accidents, congenital diseases, among others. Although these are not made to restore functionality, they have a major impact on restoring the patient's quality of life as it is an area so closely linked to their identity. For his reason, they have to be carefully tailored for each patient, which tends to increase cost and production time Objectives: The purpose of this research is to compare different additive manufacturing mechanisms, to evaluate which of them achieves the best reproduction of the leather details and maintains the desired dimensional properties. Methods: The manufacturing equipment will be selected comparing 7 different 3D printing of an oculo-palpebral model for a future maxillofacial prosthesis, obtained from the “Mais Identidade” Method. They were evaluated according to their economic, physical and aesthetic characteristics. Results: The results of the evaluations show that: the highest score in the economic evaluation was obtained by PhotonS; in the physical evaluation it was obtained by PhotonS, Phrozen Suffle XL and PRO95; and in the aesthetic evaluation it was obtained by PRO95 and Objet500. Finally, according to the multi-criteria evaluation, the highest score was obtained by the Photon S and PRO95.

Manejo da mucosite oral induzida por quimioterapia e radioterapia com laser de baixa potência: resultados iniciais do Hospital A.C. Camargo

Background. Oral mucositis is a common complication of some malignancies treatment, causing therapeutic modifications due to patient's debilitation, which often interferes with the prognosis of the disease. Many attempts have been made to find an optimal treatment or preventive method to minimize the severity of oral mucositis. Several studies have shown good results with the use of low-energy laser, with the aim of accelerating the process of wound healing and promoting pain relief. Methods. Patients (n=18) who developed oral mucositis during chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were submitted to low-energy laser applications until cessation of symptoms. Mucositis severity was scored by an oral mucositis scale based on clinical features and by an oral toxicity scale from the National Cancer Institute based on the ability to swallow; pain severity was scored by subjects on a visual analogue scale before and after the applications. Results. Immediate pain relief was achieved in 66.6% of the patients after the first application. Based on the functional scale, mucositis grade III (not capable to eat solids) was reduced in 42.85% of the cases. According to the scale based on the clinical features, mucositis grade IV (ulcerative lesions) was reduced in 75% of the patients that presented this grade of mucositis at the beginning of laser therapy. Conclusions. Low-energy laser was well-tolerated and showed beneficial effects on the management of oral mucositis, improving the quality of life during the oncologic treatment.Mucosite é a complicação oral mais comum do tratamento de algumas doenças malignas, podendo causar a necessidade de modificações terapêuticas, o que pode interferir com o prognóstico da doença. Muitas tentativas têm sido feitas com o intuito de desenvolver um tratamento ou método preventivo para minimizar a severidade da mucosite oral. Vários estudos têm mostrado bons resultados com o uso do laser de baixa potência, devido à aceleração do processo de cicatrização das lesões e da promoção do alívio da dor. Métodos: Os pacientes que desenvolveram mucosite oral durante tratamento quimioterápico e/ou radioterápico (n=18), foram submetidos a aplicações de laser de baixa potência até que fosse atingida a cessação dos sintomas. A severidade da mucosite foi avaliada através de uma escala baseada em características clínicas e de uma escala para avaliação de toxicidade oral desenvolvida pelo Instituto Nacional do Cancer, baseada na habilidade de deglutição; a dor foi avaliada através de uma escala visual, antes e depois de cada aplicação. Resultados: Alívio imediato da dor após a primeira aplicação foi referido por 66.6% dos pacientes. Com base na escala funcional, mucosite grau III (incapacidade de ingerir alimentos sólidos) foi reduzida em 42.85% dos casos. De acordo com a escala baseada em aspectos clínicos, mucosite grau IV (presença de úlceras) foi reduzida em 75% dos pacientes que apresentavam essa condição no início da terapia com laser. Conclusões: O laser de baixa potência foi bem tolerado pelos pacientes, e mostrou efeitos benéficos durante o manejo da mucosite oral, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes durante o tratamento oncológico

Efeitos da radiação ionizante na neoformação óssea: estudo histométrico em tíbias de ratos

PURPOSE: Comparing the ionizing radiation effects on bone neoformation of rats tibiae previously submitted to radiotherapy with a single dosage of 30Gy with the contralateral tibiae that have received secondary radiation. METHODS: In thirty male Wistar rats, 30 days before surgical procedure when round defects would be created on the bone, the right tibia was irradiated with 30Gy and the left tibia received a calculated secondary radiation dose of 7Gy. Sacrifices were performed after 4, 7, 14, 21, 56 and 84 postoperative days and both tibiae were removed for histological processing. RESULTS: The left tibiae that received the dose of 7Gy has shown more bone neoformation from 14th postoperative days, giving evidences of less damage to cellular population responsible by bone neoformation. On the other hand, the dose of 30Gyon right tibiae did not exhibit significant differences among the periods, suggesting damage of long-lasting or even permanent duration. CONCLUSION: Tibiae submitted to radiation dose of 30Gy have shown more damage to bone cells than tibiae that received secondary radiation dose of 7Gy, especially observed on 14th, 56th and 84th postoperative days.OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos da radiação ionizante na reparação óssea em tíbias de ratos, submetidas à radioterapia prévia com doses 30Gy, com as tíbias contralaterais que receberam radiação secundária. MÉTODOS: No total, 30 ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à cirurgia para realização de defeitos circulares em ambas as tíbias de cada rato, com radioterapia prévia de 30 dias, sendo que a tíbia direita recebeu a dose de 30Gy e tíbia esquerda a dose de radiação secundária calculada em 7Gy. Os sacrifícios ocorreram em 4, 7, 14, 21, 56 e 84 dias da realização do defeito ósseo e as tíbias foram removidas para processamento histológico. RESULTADOS: O grupo de 7Gy apresentou maior neoformação a partir do período de 14 dias, indicando pouco dano aos elementos celulares responsáveis pela reparação óssea, enquanto que o grupo de 30Gy não apresentou diferenças significantes entre os períodos, sugerindo um dano de efeito prolongado ou até mesmo permanente. CONCLUSÃO: As tíbias irradiadas com 30Gy apresentaram maior dano às células ósseas do que as tíbias que receberam radiação secundária de 7Gy, principalmente observadas nos períodos de 14, 56 e 84 dias.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Otorhinolaringology and Head and Neck SurgeryPaulista University Faculty of Dentistry Department of StomatologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of OncologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of PathologyUNIFESP, Department of Otorhinolaringology and Head and Neck SurgeryUNIFESP, Department of OncologyUNIFESP, Department of PathologySciEL

Implantes osseointegrados de titânio para reabilitação auricular: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Osseointegrated implants have acquired an important role in the prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with craniofacial defects. The main indications are lack of local tissue for autogenous reconstruction, previous reconstruction failure and selection of this technique by the patient. This paper presents a clinical case and discusses indications and advantages of the osseointegrated implant technique for retention of auricular prostheses. TYPE OF STUDY: Case report, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). METHODS: A female patient received three auricular implants after surgical resection of a hemangioma in her left ear. The time taken for osseointegration of the temporal bone was three months. After fabrication of the implant-retained auricular prosthesis, the patient was monitored for 12 months. RESULTS: The clinical parameters evaluated showed good postoperative healing, healthy peri-implant tissue, good hygiene and no loss of implants. Good hygiene combined with thin and immobile peri-implant soft tissues resulted in minimal complications. Craniofacial implant integration appears to be site-dependent; increasing age affects osseointegration in the temporal bone. The frequency of adverse skin reactions in peri-implant tissues is generally low. CONCLUSION: The surgical technique for rehabilitation using implant-retained auricular prostheses seems to be simple. It is associated with low rates of adverse skin reactions and long-term complications. Prostheses anchored by osseointegrated implants seem to provide better retention than do prostheses supported on spectacle frames, less risk of discoloration through the use of adhesives and better esthetic results than do prostheses anchored in the surgical cavityCONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Os implantes osseointegrados adquiriram papel importante na reabilitação protética de pacientes com defeitos craniofaciais. As principais indicações são ausência local de tecidos para reconstrução autógena, falha anterior de reconstrução e opção do paciente. Este artigo apresenta um caso clínico e discute as indicações e vantagens da técnica de implantes osseointegrados para a retenção de próteses auriculares. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Relato de caso clínico, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). MÉTODOS: Paciente do sexo feminino recebeu três implantes na região auricular após ressecção cirúrgica de hemangioma na orelha esquerda. O tempo de osseointegração no osso temporal foi de três meses. Após a confecção de prótese auricular implanto-suportada, a paciente foi observada por 12 meses. RESULTADOS: Os parâmetros clínicos analisados mostraram boa cicatrização pós-operatória, saúde dos tecidos adjacentes ao implante, boa higiene e nenhuma perda de implantes. A boa higiene combinada a pouca espessura e imobilidade dos tecidos moles perimplantares resulta em poucas complicações. A integração dos implantes craniofaciais parece variar conforme o local, e a idade avançada afeta a osseointegração no osso temporal. A frequência de reações adversas cutâneas nos tecidos perimplantares é geralmente baixa. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica cirúrgica para a reabilitação com próteses auriculares implanto-suportadas parece ser simples e está associada a baixos índices de reações cutâneas adversas e complicações no longo prazo. As próteses ancoradas por implantes osseointegrados parecem proporcionar melhor retenção do que as próteses suportadas nas armações de óculos, menor possibilidade de descoloração pelo uso de adesivos e melhores resultados estéticos do que as próteses ancoradas na cavidade cirúrgica.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryUniversidade Paulista Faculty of Dentistry Department of StomatologyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Santo Amaro University School of DentistryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Santo Amaro University Department of StomatologyUniversity of Gothenburg Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyUniversity of Gothenburg Department of OtolaryngologyUNIFESP, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryUNIFESP, Santo Amaro University School of DentistryUNIFESP, Santo Amaro University Department of StomatologySciEL

3D Bitemark Analysis in Forensic Odontology Utilizing a Smartphone Camera and Open-Source Monoscopic Photogrammetry Surface Scanning

Bitemark analysis is a challenging procedure in the field of criminal case investigation. The unique characteristics of dentition are used to find the best match between the existing patterned injury and the suspected perpetrator in bitemark identification. Bitemark analysis accuracy can be influenced by various factors, including biting pressure, tooth morphology, skin elasticity, dental cast duplication, timing, and image quality. This review article discusses the potential of a smartphone camera as an alternative method for 3D bitemark analysis. Bitemark evidence on human skin and food should be immediately recorded or duplicated to retrieve long-lasting proof, allowing for a sufficient examination period. Various studies utilizing two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) technologies have been developed to obtain an adequate bitemark analysis. 3D imaging technology provides accurate and precise analysis. However, the currently available method using an intraoral scanner (IOS) requires high-cost specialized equipment and a well-trained operator. The numerous advantages of monoscopic photogrammetry may lead to a novel method of 3D bitemark analysis in forensic odontology. Smartphone cameras and monoscopic photogrammetry methodology could lead to a novel method of 3D bitemark analysis with an efficient cost and readily available equipment

Porous surface of extraoral implants: report of two cases rehabilitated with a new Brazilian extraoral implant

facial defects caused by cancer treatment are a huge problem, affecting the quality of life of patients. Some of these deformities are minimized using facial epistheses, which needs some additional retenion devices, like glasses or skin adhesives. The use of extraoral fixtures as bone anchorage was introduced many years ago and since then many patients were rehabilitated with better results. Nevertheless, in many cases due to poor bone conditions (i.e. irradiated bone) the success rate of implants are not so good, causing difficulties to rehabilitate the cases. One possible cause of fixture failure could be the poor primary stability achieved in some cases, due to the small dimensions of the fixtures causing a few bone contact with the surface of the implant. Nowadays many researches are being done related to the surface of the fixture, searching for a better primary stability and for a increase of bone contact. Ordinary extraoral implants usually possess a machined surface, until now there is no published report about surface modifications in this kind of implant. This paper presents a new porous surfaced Brazilian extraoral implant (MasterExtraâ, Conexão, Sistema de Próteses, São Paulo, Brazil) that can provide optimal facial rehabilitation due to enhanced bone-to-implant contact and greater long-term stability. Two case reports are described to elucidate its use